Contacts of the helix formed by residues 108 - 129 (chain A) in PDB entry 1EC8


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 108 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60A  LYS*     3.9    24.3    -      -       +      +
     61A  ILE*     3.9    22.2    -      -       +      +
     64A  THR*     3.7    26.7    -      -       -      +
     94A  ARG*     4.3    20.7    +      -       +      -
     95A  ASP*     2.9    14.9    +      -       -      +
    106A  LEU      4.4     4.2    +      -       -      -
    107A  ARG*     1.3    76.1    +      -       -      +
    109A  THR*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    110A  ILE      3.4     1.8    -      -       -      -
    111A  HIS*     3.2     6.9    +      -       -      +
    112A  VAL*     2.9    29.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 109 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64A  THR*     4.6     0.3    -      -       -      +
     87A  VAL*     4.5     1.3    -      -       +      +
     88A  ARG*     4.0    33.4    -      -       +      +
     91A  PHE*     2.6    43.8    +      -       +      +
     92A  ALA*     4.3     3.8    -      -       -      +
     94A  ARG*     3.2    13.0    -      -       -      +
     95A  ASP*     2.7    19.1    +      -       -      -
    108A  THR*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    110A  ILE*     1.3    52.1    +      -       -      +
    112A  VAL*     3.1    10.8    +      -       +      +
    113A  VAL*     2.8    41.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 110 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     88A  ARG*     3.7    32.5    -      -       +      +
     95A  ASP*     3.4     6.4    +      -       -      +
    107A  ARG*     3.8    41.5    -      -       +      +
    109A  THR*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    111A  HIS*     1.3    70.7    +      -       -      +
    113A  VAL*     3.3     8.7    +      -       +      +
    114A  THR*     3.0    27.0    +      -       -      -
    315A  HIS      4.3     0.9    -      -       -      -
    316A  PHE*     3.5    39.0    -      -       +      +
    317A  TRP*     4.8     2.0    -      -       -      +
    318A  THR*     3.6    26.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 111 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  ILE*     3.3    14.5    -      -       +      +
     56A  PRO*     3.4    39.6    -      -       +      +
     61A  ILE*     3.9    15.4    -      -       +      +
    105A  ASP*     3.7    32.4    -      -       +      +
    107A  ARG*     2.8    36.8    +      -       +      -
    108A  THR      3.2     6.1    +      -       -      +
    110A  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       +      +
    112A  VAL*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    114A  THR*     3.1     1.6    +      -       -      -
    115A  GLY*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      -
    315A  HIS*     3.1    29.4    -      -       +      +
    316A  PHE*     3.8    18.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 112 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61A  ILE*     3.9    20.2    -      -       +      +
     64A  THR*     3.8    35.2    -      -       +      +
     65A  LEU*     3.8    33.1    -      -       +      +
     68A  ALA*     4.8     0.9    -      -       +      -
     87A  VAL*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      -
     91A  PHE*     5.6     0.2    -      -       +      -
    108A  THR*     2.9    23.5    +      -       +      +
    109A  THR*     3.1    10.1    +      -       +      +
    111A  HIS*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    113A  VAL*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    115A  GLY*     3.3     1.3    +      -       -      +
    116A  ILE*     3.1    34.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 113 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  LEU*     3.5    30.9    -      -       +      +
     87A  VAL*     3.7    26.9    -      -       +      -
     88A  ARG*     4.0    26.0    -      -       +      +
    109A  THR*     2.8    24.0    +      -       +      +
    110A  ILE*     3.6     9.9    -      -       +      +
    112A  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    114A  THR*     1.4    51.2    +      -       -      +
    116A  ILE*     3.2     4.8    +      -       -      -
    117A  GLU*     2.7    34.0    +      -       +      +
    318A  THR*     4.0    18.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 114 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  ILE*     4.2     3.8    -      -       +      -
    110A  ILE      3.0    15.8    +      -       -      -
    111A  HIS      3.1     6.9    +      -       -      -
    113A  VAL*     1.4    76.1    -      -       -      +
    115A  GLY*     1.4    51.8    +      -       -      +
    117A  GLU*     2.9    19.0    +      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     2.6    35.0    +      -       -      +
    314A  PRO      3.4    18.8    -      -       -      +
    315A  HIS*     3.2    20.0    +      -       -      -
    318A  THR*     3.2    16.7    +      -       -      -
    319A  MET*     4.2     4.3    -      -       +      -
    350A  MET*     4.0    23.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 115 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41A  VAL*     3.9    25.7    -      -       -      +
     53A  GLY*     4.0     4.8    -      -       -      -
     54A  GLU      5.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
     55A  ILE*     3.5    19.8    -      -       -      +
     65A  LEU*     5.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    111A  HIS      3.0    11.4    +      -       -      -
    112A  VAL      3.7     2.7    -      -       -      -
    114A  THR*     1.4    73.1    -      -       -      +
    116A  ILE*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     3.4     5.9    +      -       -      +
    119A  ALA*     3.2    22.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 116 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13A  MET*     3.9    12.1    -      -       +      -
     41A  VAL*     4.5     1.3    -      -       +      +
     43A  ILE*     4.2    13.0    -      -       +      -
     65A  LEU*     3.8    13.9    -      -       +      -
     68A  ALA*     4.0    12.1    -      -       +      -
     72A  VAL*     4.2    15.3    -      -       +      -
     83A  VAL*     4.7     5.6    -      -       +      -
     84A  LEU*     3.9    13.7    -      -       +      -
     87A  VAL*     3.9    35.4    -      -       +      -
    112A  VAL*     3.1    24.1    +      -       +      +
    113A  VAL*     3.6     5.6    -      -       -      +
    115A  GLY*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    117A  GLU*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
    119A  ALA*     3.2     2.3    +      -       -      +
    120A  MET*     2.9    41.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 117 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  LEU*     3.6    21.7    -      -       +      +
    113A  VAL*     2.7    19.6    +      -       +      +
    114A  THR*     2.9     8.9    +      -       -      +
    116A  ILE*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    118A  ALA*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    120A  MET*     3.3     3.0    +      -       -      +
    121A  LEU*     2.8    40.6    +      -       +      +
    318A  THR*     3.4    14.2    -      -       -      -
    319A  MET*     2.7    37.2    +      -       -      +
    320A  GLN*     2.4    52.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 118 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52A  VAL      3.5     4.7    -      -       -      +
     53A  GLY*     3.7    18.8    -      -       -      -
    114A  THR      2.6    17.9    +      -       -      +
    115A  GLY      3.7     4.9    -      -       -      +
    117A  GLU*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
    119A  ALA*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    121A  LEU*     3.7     2.4    -      -       -      +
    122A  ASP*     2.8    30.5    +      -       -      +
    319A  MET*     3.7    24.0    -      -       -      -
    350A  MET*     3.9    19.5    -      -       +      -
    398A  LEU*     4.2     4.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 119 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41A  VAL*     4.1     5.8    -      -       +      -
     43A  ILE*     3.4    28.7    -      -       +      -
     51A  GLY*     3.6    19.5    -      -       -      +
     52A  VAL*     3.2    19.7    +      -       -      +
    115A  GLY      3.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
    116A  ILE      3.2     0.4    +      -       -      -
    118A  ALA*     1.3    81.6    -      -       -      +
    120A  MET*     1.4    56.0    +      -       -      +
    122A  ASP*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
    123A  LEU*     2.9    31.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with MET 120 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     10A  VAL*     3.9    31.4    -      -       +      -
     43A  ILE*     3.9    17.0    -      -       +      -
     72A  VAL*     4.5     7.6    -      -       +      -
     75A  LYS*     5.9     1.1    -      -       +      -
     76A  THR      4.6     3.6    -      -       -      +
     77A  LEU*     4.1    23.4    -      -       +      +
     80A  TYR*     3.8    37.9    -      -       +      -
     83A  VAL*     5.5     8.3    -      -       +      -
     84A  LEU*     5.3     2.9    -      -       +      -
    116A  ILE*     2.9    39.0    +      -       +      +
    117A  GLU*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
    119A  ALA*     1.4    68.6    -      -       -      +
    121A  LEU*     1.4    56.8    +      -       -      +
    123A  LEU*     3.1     7.4    +      -       -      +
    124A  LEU*     2.6    37.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 121 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80A  TYR*     3.7    33.4    -      -       +      +
    117A  GLU*     2.8    44.2    +      -       +      +
    118A  ALA*     3.7     3.6    -      -       -      +
    120A  MET*     1.4    68.9    -      -       -      +
    122A  ASP*     1.4    58.8    +      -       -      +
    124A  LEU*     3.1     4.2    +      -       +      +
    125A  GLY*     2.8    33.3    +      -       -      -
    132A  VAL*     4.0    21.0    -      -       +      +
    135A  LEU*     3.9    26.1    -      -       +      +
    136A  LEU*     4.0    23.1    -      -       +      -
    319A  MET*     3.9    18.8    -      -       -      -
    320A  GLN*     4.6     4.3    -      -       -      +
    398A  LEU*     6.0     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 122 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  THR      4.2     1.2    -      -       -      +
     51A  GLY*     3.4     6.7    -      -       -      -
     52A  VAL*     3.0    24.7    +      -       -      +
    118A  ALA      2.8    14.7    +      -       -      +
    119A  ALA      3.2     9.4    -      -       -      +
    120A  MET      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    121A  LEU*     1.4    78.4    -      -       -      +
    123A  LEU*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
    126A  GLN*     2.9    43.7    +      -       -      +
    132A  VAL*     4.2     8.7    -      -       -      +
    396A  PRO      4.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    397A  GLY*     3.5     3.1    -      -       -      -
    398A  LEU*     2.9    43.2    +      -       +      +
    399A  GLY      4.7     0.7    +      -       -      -
    400A  VAL*     4.4     6.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 123 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     10A  VAL*     4.4     2.0    -      -       +      -
     43A  ILE*     3.4    35.0    -      -       +      +
     44A  LYS      4.4     5.4    -      -       -      -
     45A  ASP*     3.6    25.3    -      -       -      +
     49A  HIS*     3.7    19.7    +      -       +      +
     50A  THR      3.4     8.3    -      -       -      +
     51A  GLY      3.2    25.1    -      -       -      +
     77A  LEU*     3.9    21.0    -      -       +      +
    119A  ALA      2.9    15.8    +      -       -      +
    120A  MET*     3.4    12.6    -      -       -      +
    122A  ASP*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    124A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    -      -       -      +
    126A  GLN*     3.1     8.2    +      -       -      +
    127A  HIS*     2.9    27.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 124 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77A  LEU*     4.0    33.0    -      -       +      +
     80A  TYR*     3.6    37.2    -      -       +      +
    120A  MET      2.6    20.8    +      -       -      +
    121A  LEU*     3.7     6.7    -      -       +      +
    123A  LEU*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
    125A  GLY*     1.4    51.8    +      -       -      +
    127A  HIS*     3.0     5.2    +      -       +      +
    128A  LEU*     2.8    58.9    +      -       +      +
    135A  LEU*     4.1    17.0    -      -       +      -
    128C  LEU*     4.5    21.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 125 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  LEU      2.8    17.4    +      -       -      -
    124A  LEU*     1.4    71.2    -      -       -      +
    126A  GLN*     1.4    56.3    +      -       -      +
    128A  LEU      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    129A  GLY      2.9     9.0    +      -       -      -
    130A  VAL*     2.8    49.1    +      -       -      +
    131A  ASN      4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    135A  LEU*     3.5    16.2    -      -       -      +
    396A  PRO*     3.4     1.9    -      -       -      +
    397A  GLY*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 126 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49A  HIS*     3.3    46.2    -      -       +      +
     50A  THR      3.1    25.0    +      -       -      +
    122A  ASP*     2.9    35.0    +      -       -      +
    123A  LEU*     3.1     9.1    +      -       -      +
    125A  GLY*     1.4    76.5    -      -       -      +
    127A  HIS*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    129A  GLY*     3.6     7.1    +      -       -      -
    396A  PRO*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      +
    397A  GLY*     4.1    10.3    -      -       -      -
    400A  VAL      5.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 127 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      6A  THR      3.2    19.1    +      -       -      -
      7A  THR*     3.7     3.6    +      -       +      -
      8A  PRO*     3.5    26.7    -      -       +      +
     47A  SER*     5.5     0.6    +      -       -      -
     49A  HIS*     4.5     8.8    +      -       -      +
     77A  LEU*     3.7    24.0    -      -       +      -
    123A  LEU      2.9     5.8    +      -       -      +
    124A  LEU*     3.4     7.9    -      -       +      +
    126A  GLN*     1.3    79.3    -      -       -      +
    128A  LEU*     1.4    62.5    +      -       +      +
    129A  GLY*     3.3     2.8    +      -       -      -
      5C  PHE*     3.0    33.3    +      -       -      +
      6C  THR*     5.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
      7C  THR*     3.0    16.3    +      -       -      -
    127C  HIS*     3.2    28.3    +      -       -      -
    128C  LEU*     4.1    17.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 128 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124A  LEU*     2.8    47.1    +      -       +      +
    125A  GLY      4.3     2.0    -      -       -      +
    127A  HIS*     1.4    80.9    -      -       +      +
    129A  GLY*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    130A  VAL*     3.2    14.8    +      -       +      +
    135A  LEU*     4.0    17.5    -      -       +      -
      7C  THR*     3.4    39.9    -      -       +      +
     76C  THR*     4.2     5.5    +      -       -      +
     78C  GLY*     3.9    19.5    -      -       -      -
     80C  TYR*     6.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
    124C  LEU*     4.4    21.8    -      -       +      -
    127C  HIS*     4.2    12.1    -      -       +      -
    128C  LEU*     4.6     4.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 129 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125A  GLY      2.9     6.5    +      -       -      -
    126A  GLN      3.6     4.2    +      -       -      -
    127A  HIS      3.3     4.9    +      -       -      -
    128A  LEU*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    130A  VAL*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    394A  GLU      5.5     1.0    -      -       -      +
    396A  PRO*     4.0    22.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il