Contacts of the helix formed by residues 64 - 87 (chain C) in PDB entry 1EN5


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 64 (chain C).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45C  LEU*     4.3    18.6    -      -       +      -
     48C  PHE*     5.0     3.8    -      -       +      -
     62C  GLN      4.4     2.2    -      -       -      +
     63C  LEU*     1.3    90.7    -      -       +      +
     65C  ALA*     1.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
     66C  ASP*     3.2    11.9    -      -       -      +
     67C  LYS*     2.8    48.7    +      -       +      +
     68C  LYS      3.2     8.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 65 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63C  LEU      3.5     3.7    +      -       -      -
     64C  PRO*     1.3    69.7    -      -       -      +
     66C  ASP*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
     67C  LYS      3.3     0.9    +      -       -      -
     68C  LYS*     3.5    21.6    +      -       -      +
     69C  THR*     4.6     2.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 66 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64C  PRO*     3.0    19.1    +      -       -      +
     65C  ALA*     1.3    74.1    +      -       -      +
     67C  LYS*     1.3    81.4    +      -       -      +
     69C  THR*     5.3     1.6    +      -       -      -
     70C  VAL*     4.4     6.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 67 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41C  ALA*     3.3    35.7    -      -       +      +
     44C  SER*     3.3    26.5    +      -       -      -
     45C  LEU*     4.0    18.5    -      -       +      +
     63C  LEU*     4.8     1.8    -      -       +      -
     64C  PRO*     2.8    35.1    +      -       +      +
     66C  ASP*     1.3    91.9    +      -       -      +
     68C  LYS*     1.3    67.0    +      -       -      +
     69C  THR      3.5     1.6    -      -       -      -
     70C  VAL*     2.9    23.7    -      -       +      +
     71C  LEU*     3.2    17.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 68 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60C  LEU*     3.8    27.3    -      -       +      +
     61C  ASP*     2.6    32.5    +      -       -      +
     63C  LEU*     4.6    13.4    -      -       -      +
     64C  PRO      3.2     9.5    +      -       -      +
     65C  ALA*     3.5    18.3    +      -       -      +
     67C  LYS*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     69C  THR*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     71C  LEU*     3.6     1.7    +      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     3.0    34.9    +      -       +      +
    155C  ILE*     4.3    19.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 69 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65C  ALA      4.6     2.0    +      -       -      -
     66C  ASP      5.3     1.2    -      -       -      -
     67C  LYS      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     68C  LYS*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     70C  VAL*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     3.2    13.7    +      -       -      +
     73C  ASN*     3.0    43.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 70 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37C  ASN*     4.8     7.6    -      -       +      +
     41C  ALA*     4.2    26.2    -      -       +      -
     66C  ASP      4.4     5.5    +      -       -      +
     67C  LYS*     2.9    35.0    -      -       +      +
     69C  THR*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
     71C  LEU*     1.3    57.0    +      -       +      +
     73C  ASN*     3.7     3.3    +      -       -      +
     74C  ASN*     2.7    50.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 71 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38C  ALA*     4.0    30.7    -      -       +      +
     41C  ALA*     4.1    15.7    -      -       +      -
     42C  LEU*     3.8    28.9    -      -       +      -
     45C  LEU*     4.2     9.2    -      -       +      -
     56C  LEU*     4.5     5.6    -      -       +      -
     60C  LEU*     4.6     3.9    -      -       +      +
     63C  LEU*     3.4    38.1    -      -       +      -
     67C  LYS*     3.2    16.0    +      -       +      +
     68C  LYS      4.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
     70C  VAL*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
     73C  ASN      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     75C  ALA*     2.7    48.7    +      -       +      +
     76C  GLY      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57C  ILE*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
     60C  LEU*     3.9    29.3    -      -       +      +
     68C  LYS*     3.0    25.2    +      -       +      +
     69C  THR*     3.2    13.8    +      -       -      +
     71C  LEU*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
     73C  ASN*     1.3    70.1    +      -       -      +
     76C  GLY*     3.2    19.9    +      -       -      -
    146C  GLN      4.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
    147C  ASP*     2.9    40.2    +      -       -      +
    151C  MET*     3.4    11.4    -      -       -      +
    155C  ILE*     3.1    35.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 73 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34C  PHE*     4.2     1.0    -      -       -      -
     69C  THR*     3.0    35.8    +      -       -      +
     70C  VAL*     4.0     4.7    -      -       -      +
     72C  ARG*     1.3    90.2    +      -       -      +
     74C  ASN*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
     77C  GLY*     3.0    19.4    +      -       -      -
    145C  ASN*     5.3     3.1    +      -       -      +
    146C  GLN*     3.3    17.1    +      -       -      +
    147C  ASP*     5.0     3.1    -      -       -      +
    124D  PHE*     3.5    53.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 74 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34C  PHE*     3.4    40.6    -      -       -      +
     37C  ASN*     3.1    35.7    +      -       -      +
     38C  ALA*     3.9    12.6    -      -       -      +
     70C  VAL*     2.7    42.7    +      -       -      +
     73C  ASN*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
     75C  ALA*     1.3    61.2    +      -       -      +
     76C  GLY      3.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
     77C  GLY      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
     78C  HIS*     2.9    27.5    +      -       -      +
    124D  PHE*     5.1     3.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 75 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2C  TYR*     4.9     0.7    -      -       +      -
     38C  ALA*     4.2     8.6    -      -       +      +
     53C  VAL*     3.4    21.3    -      -       +      +
     56C  LEU*     4.1    20.0    -      -       +      -
     57C  ILE*     4.0    16.2    -      -       +      -
     60C  LEU*     5.8     0.7    -      -       +      -
     71C  LEU*     2.7    31.1    +      -       +      +
     74C  ASN*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
     76C  GLY*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
     78C  HIS*     3.2     3.3    +      -       -      -
     79C  ALA*     2.9    27.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 76 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57C  ILE*     4.1     6.1    -      -       -      +
     71C  LEU      3.4     0.4    +      -       -      -
     72C  ARG      3.2    20.7    +      -       -      -
     74C  ASN      3.1     0.8    -      -       -      -
     75C  ALA*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
     77C  GLY*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
     79C  ALA*     3.3     2.8    +      -       -      +
     80C  ASN*     2.9    36.0    +      -       -      +
    146C  GLN      3.6    15.7    -      -       -      -
    151C  MET*     3.8    11.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 77 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34C  PHE*     3.8    13.8    -      -       -      -
     73C  ASN      3.0    19.1    +      -       -      -
     74C  ASN      3.2     2.8    +      -       -      -
     76C  GLY*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     78C  HIS*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     81C  HIS*     2.7    32.9    +      -       -      +
    146C  GLN*     3.6    24.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 78 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2C  TYR*     3.7    40.8    -      +       +      +
      3C  THR      3.7    20.5    +      -       -      -
      5C  PRO*     4.0     4.9    -      -       +      -
     31C  HIS*     2.8    31.9    +      -       +      +
     34C  PHE*     3.9     9.1    -      -       +      +
     35C  VAL*     3.6    13.5    -      -       +      +
     53C  VAL*     3.8    23.2    -      -       +      +
     74C  ASN      2.9    16.1    +      -       -      +
     75C  ALA*     3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
     77C  GLY*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     79C  ALA*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
     82C  SER*     2.7    49.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 79 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53C  VAL*     4.0    23.3    -      -       +      +
     54C  GLU*     5.0     7.6    -      -       +      +
     57C  ILE*     3.9    27.1    -      -       +      -
     75C  ALA      2.9    17.0    +      -       -      +
     76C  GLY      3.7     2.7    -      -       -      +
     78C  HIS*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
     80C  ASN*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
     82C  SER*     3.4     4.2    +      -       -      -
     83C  LEU*     3.2    23.6    +      -       -      +
    150C  LEU*     6.1     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 80 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76C  GLY      2.9    15.5    +      -       -      +
     77C  GLY      4.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
     79C  ALA*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     81C  HIS*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
     83C  LEU*     3.4     7.5    +      -       -      +
     84C  PHE*     2.9    26.2    +      -       -      +
    128C  TRP*     3.4    30.8    -      -       +      +
    130C  TRP*     3.3    25.3    -      -       +      -
    146C  GLN*     3.0    44.2    +      -       -      +
    147C  ASP      3.5     7.9    +      -       -      -
    148C  SER*     3.5    17.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 81 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26C  HIS*     3.1    20.5    +      +       -      -
     31C  HIS*     3.4    26.9    -      +       +      +
     34C  PHE*     3.4    27.2    -      +       -      -
     77C  GLY      2.7    25.6    +      -       -      +
     80C  ASN*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
     82C  SER*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     84C  PHE*     3.4     6.9    -      +       -      +
     85C  TRP*     3.0    42.6    +      +       -      +
    128C  TRP*     3.8     9.6    -      +       -      -
    146C  GLN*     3.6    18.8    -      -       -      -
    167C  ASP*     3.4     2.4    +      -       -      -
    503C   MN      2.2    37.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 82 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5C  PRO*     4.0    10.0    -      -       -      +
     31C  HIS*     3.5     8.9    -      -       -      -
     53C  VAL*     5.3     1.4    -      -       -      +
     54C  GLU*     5.3     7.2    -      -       -      -
     78C  HIS*     2.7    45.4    +      -       -      -
     79C  ALA*     3.7     6.7    -      -       -      -
     81C  HIS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     83C  LEU*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     85C  TRP*     3.6     7.2    +      -       -      +
     86C  LYS*     3.6    25.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 83 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79C  ALA      3.2    10.5    +      -       -      +
     80C  ASN*     3.6     9.4    -      -       -      +
     82C  SER*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
     84C  PHE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     86C  LYS*     3.4     8.0    +      -       -      +
     87C  GLY*     3.1    21.2    +      -       -      -
    128C  TRP*     6.2     0.7    -      -       +      -
    130C  TRP*     4.4    13.7    -      -       +      -
    150C  LEU*     6.2     1.8    -      -       +      -
    162C  PRO*     3.8    22.0    -      -       +      +
    163C  ILE      5.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
    164C  MET*     4.6     7.9    -      -       -      -
    165C  GLY*     4.3    21.3    -      -       -      +
    196C  GLU*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    200C  ARG*     3.8    39.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 84 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18C  PHE*     4.2    12.6    -      +       -      -
     23C  MET*     6.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
     26C  HIS*     4.2    19.5    -      +       -      -
     80C  ASN      2.9    15.2    +      -       -      +
     81C  HIS*     3.1    10.3    +      +       -      +
     83C  LEU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     85C  TRP*     1.3    89.6    +      +       -      +
     87C  GLY*     3.0    12.2    +      -       -      +
     88C  LEU*     3.3    45.4    +      -       +      +
    128C  TRP*     3.8    19.5    -      +       +      -
    165C  GLY      3.5    25.8    -      -       -      -
    166C  LEU*     4.1     7.0    -      -       +      -
    167C  ASP*     3.8    14.4    -      -       +      -
    172C  ALA*     5.6     0.4    -      -       +      -
    184C  TYR*     4.1    18.4    -      -       -      -
    188C  PHE*     4.5     0.7    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TRP 85 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5C  PRO*     4.3    11.0    -      -       +      -
      6C  SER      6.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
      7C  LEU*     3.4    29.8    -      -       +      -
      8C  PRO*     4.0     7.3    -      -       +      +
      9C  TYR*     2.7    31.0    +      -       -      +
     23C  MET*     3.9    29.2    -      -       +      -
     26C  HIS*     3.6    42.6    -      +       +      -
     27C  HIS*     3.8    30.5    -      +       +      -
     31C  HIS*     2.8    31.4    +      +       -      -
     81C  HIS*     3.0    29.4    +      +       +      -
     82C  SER*     4.1     7.6    -      -       -      +
     83C  LEU      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
     84C  PHE*     1.3    94.8    -      +       -      +
     86C  LYS*     1.3    62.2    +      -       +      +
     88C  LEU*     3.4     4.1    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 86 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8C  PRO*     4.7    14.4    -      -       +      -
     82C  SER      3.6    12.9    +      -       -      +
     83C  LEU*     3.4     9.1    +      -       -      +
     84C  PHE      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
     85C  TRP*     1.3    80.2    -      -       +      +
     87C  GLY*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
     88C  LEU      3.2     3.2    +      -       -      +
    193C  ASN*     3.5    19.1    +      -       -      -
    196C  GLU*     3.5    30.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 87 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83C  LEU*     3.1    13.2    +      -       -      -
     84C  PHE*     3.0     9.0    +      -       -      -
     86C  LYS*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
     88C  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
    164C  MET*     5.6     6.5    -      -       -      +
    188C  PHE*     5.1     1.7    -      -       -      -
    192C  VAL*     3.7     8.7    -      -       -      +
    193C  ASN*     2.7    36.4    +      -       -      +
    196C  GLU*     4.6     7.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il