Contacts of the helix formed by residues 64 - 87 (chain D) in PDB entry 1EN5


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 64 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45D  LEU*     4.4    18.6    -      -       +      -
     48D  PHE*     5.0     4.3    -      -       +      -
     62D  GLN      4.4     2.7    -      -       -      +
     63D  LEU*     1.3    91.7    -      -       +      +
     65D  ALA*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
     66D  ASP*     3.2    13.0    -      -       -      +
     67D  LYS*     2.8    37.7    +      -       +      -
     68D  LYS      3.2     8.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 65 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63D  LEU      3.5     3.3    +      -       -      -
     64D  PRO*     1.3    71.0    -      -       -      +
     66D  ASP*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     67D  LYS      3.2     4.0    +      -       -      -
     68D  LYS*     3.5    22.1    +      -       -      +
     69D  THR*     4.7     2.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 66 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64D  PRO*     3.5    20.6    -      -       -      +
     65D  ALA*     1.3    74.1    +      -       -      +
     67D  LYS*     1.3    77.1    +      -       -      +
     68D  LYS      3.7     0.2    -      -       -      -
     69D  THR      5.4     0.7    -      -       -      -
     70D  VAL*     4.4     5.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 67 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40D  ALA      4.8     2.0    +      -       -      -
     41D  ALA*     3.3    41.7    +      -       +      +
     44D  SER*     3.3    22.7    +      -       -      -
     45D  LEU*     4.4     9.0    -      -       +      -
     63D  LEU*     4.9     1.8    -      -       +      -
     64D  PRO*     2.8    32.7    +      -       +      +
     66D  ASP*     1.3    95.2    -      -       -      +
     68D  LYS*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
     69D  THR      3.5     2.0    -      -       -      -
     70D  VAL*     3.1    21.9    -      -       +      +
     71D  LEU*     3.2    24.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 68 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136A  ASP*     2.6    43.6    +      -       -      +
     60D  LEU*     3.2    40.1    -      -       +      +
     61D  ASP*     3.1    30.8    +      -       -      +
     63D  LEU*     4.5    16.5    +      -       +      +
     64D  PRO      3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
     65D  ALA*     3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
     67D  LYS*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     69D  THR*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
     71D  LEU*     4.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
     72D  ARG*     3.0    30.4    +      -       +      +
    155D  ILE*     5.4     3.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 69 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65D  ALA      4.7     2.2    +      -       -      -
     66D  ASP      5.4     0.6    -      -       -      -
     67D  LYS      3.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     68D  LYS*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     70D  VAL*     1.3    67.2    +      -       -      +
     72D  ARG*     3.2    12.9    +      -       +      +
     73D  ASN*     3.0    42.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 70 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37D  ASN*     4.5     7.9    -      -       +      +
     41D  ALA*     4.2    28.5    -      -       +      -
     66D  ASP      4.4     5.6    -      -       -      +
     67D  LYS*     3.1    32.3    -      -       +      +
     69D  THR*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     71D  LEU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       +      +
     73D  ASN*     4.0     2.6    -      -       -      +
     74D  ASN*     2.8    50.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 71 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38D  ALA*     4.0    30.5    -      -       +      +
     41D  ALA*     4.2    14.1    -      -       +      -
     42D  LEU*     4.1    27.6    -      -       +      -
     45D  LEU*     4.2    15.7    -      -       +      -
     56D  LEU*     4.4     5.6    -      -       +      -
     60D  LEU*     4.7     4.0    -      -       +      +
     63D  LEU*     3.8    26.7    -      -       +      -
     67D  LYS*     3.2    21.0    +      -       +      +
     68D  LYS      4.1     2.2    -      -       -      +
     69D  THR      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     70D  VAL*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     72D  ARG*     1.3    63.9    +      -       -      +
     73D  ASN      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     75D  ALA*     2.7    48.8    +      -       +      +
     76D  GLY      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 72 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60D  LEU*     4.1    18.1    -      -       +      +
     68D  LYS      3.0    19.9    +      -       -      +
     69D  THR*     3.6    13.8    +      -       -      +
     71D  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
     73D  ASN*     1.3    69.1    +      -       -      +
     76D  GLY*     3.2    20.1    +      -       -      -
    146D  GLN      4.1     2.9    -      -       -      +
    147D  ASP*     2.8    41.8    +      -       -      +
    151D  MET*     3.4    18.9    -      -       +      +
    155D  ILE*     3.0    39.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 73 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124C  PHE*     3.4    56.0    -      -       +      +
     34D  PHE*     4.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
     69D  THR*     3.0    37.1    +      -       -      +
     70D  VAL*     4.0     4.1    -      -       -      +
     72D  ARG*     1.3    88.4    +      -       -      +
     74D  ASN*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     77D  GLY*     3.0    18.9    +      -       -      -
    145D  ASN*     5.2     3.1    +      -       -      +
    146D  GLN*     3.4    16.9    +      -       -      +
    147D  ASP*     5.0     2.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 74 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124C  PHE*     5.0     4.0    -      -       -      -
     34D  PHE*     3.4    41.7    -      -       -      +
     37D  ASN*     3.3    33.1    +      -       -      +
     38D  ALA*     3.8    12.3    -      -       +      +
     70D  VAL*     2.8    43.8    +      -       -      +
     73D  ASN*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
     75D  ALA*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
     76D  GLY      3.1     0.9    -      -       -      -
     77D  GLY*     3.2     1.0    +      -       -      -
     78D  HIS*     2.9    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 75 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2D  TYR*     4.5     3.6    -      -       +      +
     38D  ALA*     4.2     6.3    -      -       -      +
     53D  VAL*     3.4    22.3    -      -       +      +
     56D  LEU*     3.9    28.0    -      -       +      -
     57D  ILE*     4.1     9.6    -      -       +      -
     60D  LEU*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
     71D  LEU*     2.7    30.4    +      -       +      +
     74D  ASN*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     76D  GLY*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
     78D  HIS*     3.3     3.8    +      -       -      -
     79D  ALA*     2.9    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 76 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57D  ILE*     4.2     6.0    -      -       -      +
     71D  LEU      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
     72D  ARG      3.2    21.1    +      -       -      -
     74D  ASN      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
     75D  ALA*     1.3    80.8    -      -       -      +
     77D  GLY*     1.3    55.2    +      -       -      +
     79D  ALA*     3.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
     80D  ASN*     2.9    36.8    +      -       -      +
    146D  GLN      3.6    15.5    -      -       -      -
    148D  SER*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    151D  MET*     3.9    11.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 77 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34D  PHE*     3.9    14.9    -      -       -      -
     73D  ASN      3.0    20.2    +      -       -      -
     74D  ASN      3.2     2.6    +      -       -      -
     76D  GLY*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     78D  HIS*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
     81D  HIS*     2.7    32.5    +      -       -      +
    146D  GLN*     3.5    23.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 78 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2D  TYR*     3.7    41.3    -      +       +      +
      3D  THR      3.7    21.1    +      -       -      -
      5D  PRO*     3.9     3.8    -      -       +      -
     31D  HIS*     2.9    32.5    +      -       -      -
     34D  PHE*     4.0     4.4    -      -       +      +
     35D  VAL*     3.5    18.9    -      -       +      +
     38D  ALA*     5.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
     53D  VAL*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      +
     74D  ASN      2.9    15.7    +      -       -      +
     75D  ALA*     3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
     77D  GLY*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     79D  ALA*     1.3    62.9    +      -       -      +
     82D  SER*     2.8    47.1    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 79 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  VAL*     4.1    24.2    -      -       +      +
     54D  GLU*     5.0    10.2    -      -       +      +
     57D  ILE*     4.1    25.4    -      -       +      -
     75D  ALA      2.9    17.4    +      -       -      +
     76D  GLY      3.7     3.1    -      -       -      +
     78D  HIS*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     80D  ASN*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
     82D  SER*     3.7     4.0    -      -       -      -
     83D  LEU*     3.2    24.4    +      -       -      +
    150D  LEU*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 80 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  GLY      2.9    15.5    +      -       -      +
     77D  GLY      4.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
     79D  ALA*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
     81D  HIS*     1.3    57.3    -      -       -      +
     83D  LEU*     3.4     7.8    +      -       -      +
     84D  PHE*     2.9    25.6    +      -       -      +
    128D  TRP*     3.5    31.5    -      -       +      +
    130D  TRP*     3.3    24.9    -      -       +      -
    146D  GLN*     3.0    44.3    +      -       -      +
    147D  ASP      3.5     8.1    +      -       -      -
    148D  SER*     3.4    17.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 81 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     26D  HIS*     3.0    20.9    +      +       -      -
     30D  HIS*     5.3     0.6    -      -       -      +
     31D  HIS*     3.6    28.7    -      +       +      +
     34D  PHE*     3.5    25.3    -      +       -      -
     77D  GLY      2.7    27.1    +      -       -      +
     80D  ASN*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
     82D  SER*     1.3    67.7    +      -       -      +
     84D  PHE*     3.1     7.3    +      +       -      +
     85D  TRP*     3.0    41.4    +      +       -      +
    128D  TRP*     3.7    13.2    -      +       -      -
    146D  GLN*     3.6    15.2    +      -       -      -
    167D  ASP*     3.4     1.7    +      -       -      -
    171D  HIS*     4.1     0.2    +      -       -      -
    504D   MN      2.2    35.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 82 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5D  PRO*     3.8    10.5    -      -       -      +
     31D  HIS*     3.5     6.4    -      -       -      -
     53D  VAL*     5.9     0.9    -      -       -      -
     54D  GLU*     5.1     8.7    -      -       -      -
     78D  HIS*     2.8    42.8    +      -       -      -
     79D  ALA*     3.7     5.6    -      -       -      -
     81D  HIS*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     83D  LEU*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     85D  TRP*     3.6    11.9    +      -       -      +
     86D  LYS*     3.6    26.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 83 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79D  ALA      3.2    14.7    +      -       -      +
     80D  ASN*     3.6     5.4    -      -       -      +
     82D  SER*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     84D  PHE*     1.3    67.4    +      -       -      +
     86D  LYS*     3.4     7.3    +      -       -      +
     87D  GLY*     3.1    20.6    +      -       -      +
    128D  TRP*     6.2     0.7    -      -       +      -
    130D  TRP*     4.2    15.5    -      -       +      -
    150D  LEU*     6.4     1.3    -      -       +      -
    162D  PRO*     3.8    22.2    -      -       +      +
    163D  ILE      5.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
    164D  MET*     4.6     7.9    -      -       -      -
    165D  GLY*     4.3    21.3    -      -       -      +
    200D  ARG*     3.8    39.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 84 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18D  PHE*     4.3    11.0    -      +       -      -
     23D  MET*     6.0     0.9    -      -       -      -
     26D  HIS*     4.1    24.2    -      +       -      -
     80D  ASN      2.9    14.8    +      -       -      +
     81D  HIS*     3.1    10.5    +      +       -      +
     83D  LEU*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
     85D  TRP*     1.3    85.8    +      +       -      +
     87D  GLY*     3.0    12.2    +      -       -      +
     88D  LEU*     3.3    47.1    +      -       +      +
    128D  TRP*     3.8    19.7    -      +       +      -
    165D  GLY      3.5    25.1    -      -       -      -
    166D  LEU*     4.1     6.5    -      -       +      -
    167D  ASP*     3.9    14.6    -      -       +      -
    172D  ALA*     5.6     0.2    -      -       +      -
    184D  TYR*     4.0    19.7    -      -       -      -
    188D  PHE*     4.5     0.7    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TRP 85 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5D  PRO*     4.5     8.7    -      -       +      -
      6D  SER      5.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
      7D  LEU*     3.4    32.5    -      -       +      -
      8D  PRO*     4.2     8.7    -      -       +      +
      9D  TYR*     2.8    30.6    +      -       -      +
     23D  MET*     4.0    28.3    -      -       +      -
     26D  HIS*     3.6    42.0    -      +       +      -
     27D  HIS*     3.7    29.1    -      +       +      -
     31D  HIS*     2.8    33.9    +      +       -      -
     81D  HIS*     3.0    29.1    +      +       -      +
     82D  SER*     4.0     7.0    -      -       -      +
     84D  PHE*     1.3    94.4    -      +       -      +
     86D  LYS*     1.3    64.2    +      -       +      +
     87D  GLY      3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
     88D  LEU*     3.4     6.0    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 86 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8D  PRO*     4.4    18.2    -      -       +      -
     82D  SER*     3.6    12.5    +      -       -      +
     83D  LEU*     3.4    10.2    +      -       -      +
     84D  PHE      3.2     0.8    -      -       -      -
     85D  TRP*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
     87D  GLY*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     88D  LEU      3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
    193D  ASN*     3.6    10.2    +      -       -      -
    196D  GLU*     3.4    39.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 87 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83D  LEU*     3.1    13.6    +      -       -      -
     84D  PHE*     3.0     9.6    +      -       -      -
     86D  LYS*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     88D  LEU*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    164D  MET*     5.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
    188D  PHE*     5.2     1.6    -      -       -      -
    192D  VAL*     3.7     8.5    -      -       -      +
    193D  ASN*     2.7    34.2    +      -       -      +
    196D  GLU*     4.6     7.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il