Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1 - 35 (chain F) in PDB entry 1KD8
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLU 1 (chain F).
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
28A LYS* 3.6 37.2 + - + +
32A GLU* 4.5 7.4 - - - +
2E VAL* 3.6 29.1 - - + +
6E LYS* 3.9 20.7 + - - -
0F ACE 1.3 70.3 - - - +
2F VAL* 1.3 65.9 + - - +
4F GLN* 3.3 6.2 + - - +
5F LEU* 3.0 35.7 + - + +
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Residues in contact with VAL 2 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
1E LYS* 4.0 24.2 - - + -
2E VAL* 3.9 22.0 - - + +
5E LEU* 3.6 14.9 - - + +
0F ACE 3.5 0.6 - - - -
1F GLU* 1.3 76.2 - - - +
3F LYS* 1.3 62.7 + - + +
4F GLN 3.3 0.3 + - - -
5F LEU* 3.3 1.6 + - - -
6F GLU* 2.9 54.8 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LYS 3 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
0F ACE 3.7 11.9 + - + +
2F VAL* 1.3 82.6 - - + +
4F GLN* 1.3 62.7 + - - +
6F GLU* 3.5 17.1 + - - +
7F ALA* 3.1 23.7 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 4 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
28A LYS* 4.5 13.0 - - - +
0F ACE 3.2 19.3 + - - +
1F GLU* 3.5 8.5 - - - +
2F VAL 3.2 0.8 - - - -
3F LYS* 1.3 77.2 - - - +
5F LEU* 1.3 59.5 + - + +
7F ALA* 3.2 8.5 + - - +
8F GLU* 3.0 27.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 5 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
25A ARG* 4.0 28.7 - - + -
28A LYS* 6.1 0.7 - - - +
2E VAL* 3.8 42.2 - - + +
5E LEU* 3.7 23.3 - - + -
6E LYS* 4.0 16.2 - - + -
9E VAL* 4.4 16.3 - - + +
1F GLU* 3.0 30.5 + - + +
4F GLN* 1.3 75.8 - - + +
6F GLU* 1.3 59.3 + - - +
8F GLU* 3.2 8.3 + - - +
9F VAL* 2.9 32.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 6 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
1E LYS* 4.1 13.5 - - - -
5E LEU* 3.7 18.8 - - + -
2F VAL* 2.9 35.0 + - - +
3F LYS* 3.9 19.7 - - - +
5F LEU* 1.3 76.0 - - - +
7F ALA* 1.3 59.0 + - - +
9F VAL* 3.4 8.6 + - - +
10F GLU* 3.0 40.3 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 7 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
3F LYS 3.1 13.6 + - - +
4F GLN* 3.5 10.8 - - - +
6F GLU* 1.3 75.6 - - - +
8F GLU* 1.3 60.2 + - - +
10F GLU* 3.3 16.0 + - - +
11F GLU* 2.9 27.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 8 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
21A ASN* 3.7 31.0 + - - +
25A ARG* 2.8 53.2 + - - +
9E VAL* 3.7 16.7 - - + +
13E LYS* 5.4 0.2 - - - +
4F GLN 3.0 14.0 + - - +
5F LEU* 3.2 11.4 + - - +
7F ALA* 1.3 75.2 - - - +
9F VAL* 1.3 65.3 + - - +
11F GLU* 3.2 8.5 + - - +
12F ILE* 3.1 39.0 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 9 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
5E LEU* 4.1 17.0 - - + +
8E LYS* 3.7 28.3 - - + +
9E VAL* 3.8 17.3 - - + +
12E LEU* 3.8 13.4 - - + +
5F LEU 2.9 17.6 + - - +
6F GLU* 3.5 11.2 - - - +
7F ALA 3.3 0.2 - - - -
8F GLU* 1.3 76.1 - - - +
10F GLU* 1.3 60.3 + - + +
12F ILE* 3.4 5.9 + - - +
13F GLU* 2.9 53.7 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 10 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
6F GLU* 3.0 27.4 + - - +
7F ALA* 3.6 17.4 - - - +
8F GLU 3.2 0.2 - - - -
9F VAL* 1.3 75.0 - - + +
11F GLU* 1.3 66.1 + - - +
13F GLU* 3.2 15.8 + - - +
14F SER* 3.0 27.0 + - - -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 11 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
17A TRP* 5.8 7.4 - - - +
18A HIS* 5.6 4.5 - - + -
21A ASN* 2.8 33.4 + - - +
7F ALA 2.9 13.9 + - - +
8F GLU* 3.4 13.7 - - - +
10F GLU* 1.3 78.2 - - - +
12F ILE* 1.3 62.5 + - + +
14F SER* 3.5 5.8 + - - -
15F GLU* 3.3 20.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 12 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
18A HIS* 4.2 19.5 - - + +
21A ASN* 5.7 0.4 - - - +
9E VAL* 4.0 33.4 - - + +
12E LEU* 3.5 36.8 - - + +
13E LYS* 4.3 12.6 - - + +
16E LEU* 4.6 13.7 - - + -
8F GLU* 3.1 28.1 + - + +
9F VAL* 3.8 6.7 - - - +
10F GLU 3.2 0.2 - - - -
11F GLU* 1.3 76.2 - - + +
13F GLU* 1.3 60.4 + - - +
15F GLU* 3.0 6.9 + - - +
16F VAL* 2.8 33.5 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 13 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
8E LYS* 5.6 2.6 + - - +
12E LEU* 3.7 20.9 - - + +
9F VAL* 2.9 38.5 + - - +
10F GLU* 3.2 15.6 + - - +
12F ILE* 1.3 77.4 - - - +
14F SER* 1.3 57.3 + - - +
16F VAL* 3.2 9.7 + - - +
17F TRP* 2.9 27.4 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 14 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
10F GLU 3.0 17.4 + - - -
11F GLU* 3.9 5.8 - - - -
12F ILE 3.2 0.2 - - - -
13F GLU* 1.3 72.8 - - - +
15F GLU* 1.3 62.1 + - - +
17F TRP* 3.3 12.1 + - - +
18F HIS* 2.9 27.0 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 15 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
14A SER* 2.5 30.8 + - - -
17A TRP* 5.6 5.7 - - - -
18A HIS* 2.6 32.1 + - - -
16E LEU* 3.8 15.0 - - + -
20E LYS* 3.8 9.0 - - - -
11F GLU* 3.3 10.7 + - - +
12F ILE* 3.0 9.4 + - - +
14F SER* 1.3 76.4 - - - +
16F VAL* 1.3 61.3 + - - +
18F HIS* 3.1 15.0 + - + +
19F LEU* 2.8 36.0 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 16 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
12E LEU* 4.4 15.9 - - + +
15E LYS* 3.9 26.9 - - + -
16E LEU* 3.9 21.8 - - + +
19E LEU* 3.7 19.5 - - + +
12F ILE* 2.8 26.4 + - + +
13F GLU* 3.5 12.6 - - - +
15F GLU* 1.3 76.3 - - - +
17F TRP* 1.3 63.6 + - - +
19F LEU* 3.2 2.3 + - - +
20F GLU* 2.9 36.6 + - - +
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Residues in contact with TRP 17 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
13F GLU 2.9 13.5 + - - +
14F SER* 3.6 13.5 - - - +
15F GLU 3.3 0.2 - - - -
16F VAL* 1.3 76.1 - - - +
18F HIS* 1.3 63.6 + - - +
20F GLU* 3.4 22.3 + - + +
21F ASN* 3.1 63.0 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 18 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
10A GLU* 4.6 13.6 + - - -
14F SER 2.9 14.7 + - - +
15F GLU* 3.1 18.1 + - + +
17F TRP* 1.3 78.7 - - + +
19F LEU* 1.3 75.9 + - + +
21F ASN* 3.2 10.9 + - - +
22F GLU* 3.0 51.3 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 19 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
16E LEU* 3.5 28.9 - - + -
19E LEU* 3.8 25.6 - - + -
20E LYS* 3.7 31.2 - - + +
23E VAL* 4.1 18.7 - - + +
15F GLU* 2.8 24.1 + - + +
16F VAL 3.9 2.5 - - - +
18F HIS* 1.3 93.3 - - + +
20F GLU* 1.3 57.4 + - - +
22F GLU* 3.1 8.0 + - + +
23F VAL* 2.9 31.7 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 20 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
15E LYS* 3.8 22.3 + - - -
19E LEU* 3.9 22.8 - - + +
16F VAL* 2.9 25.4 + - - +
17F TRP* 3.7 31.8 - - + +
19F LEU* 1.3 75.4 - - - +
21F ASN* 1.3 64.0 + - - +
23F VAL* 3.3 5.8 + - - +
24F ALA* 3.1 22.3 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 21 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
17F TRP* 3.1 66.5 + - - +
18F HIS* 3.2 11.8 + - - +
20F GLU* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
22F GLU* 1.3 60.8 + - + +
24F ALA* 3.3 8.0 + - - +
25F ARG* 2.9 28.1 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 22 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
23E VAL* 4.2 13.5 - - + -
27E LYS* 4.3 9.4 + - - -
18F HIS* 3.0 42.3 + - + +
19F LEU* 3.1 14.3 + - + +
21F ASN* 1.3 77.3 - - + +
23F VAL* 1.3 65.2 + - - +
25F ARG* 2.7 48.9 + - - +
26F LEU* 2.8 34.0 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 23 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
19E LEU* 4.0 17.5 - - + -
22E LYS* 4.0 30.5 - - + +
23E VAL* 3.8 17.9 - - + -
26E LEU* 3.7 15.7 - - + +
19F LEU 2.9 18.6 + - - +
20F GLU* 3.3 8.9 + - - +
22F GLU* 1.3 75.6 - - - +
24F ALA* 1.3 59.1 + - - +
27F GLU* 2.9 57.7 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 24 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
20F GLU 3.1 10.8 + - - +
21F ASN* 3.6 12.1 - - - +
23F VAL* 1.3 80.7 - - - +
25F ARG* 1.3 61.9 + - - +
27F GLU* 3.3 13.3 + - - +
28F LYS* 3.1 23.4 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 25 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
27E LYS* 4.6 4.9 - - - +
21F ASN 2.9 17.4 + - - +
22F GLU* 2.7 43.8 + - - +
24F ALA* 1.3 76.9 - - - +
26F LEU* 1.3 72.1 + - - +
28F LYS* 3.3 7.7 + - - +
29F GLU* 3.0 45.1 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 26 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
23E VAL* 3.7 32.5 - - + +
26E LEU* 3.8 19.5 - - + -
27E LYS* 3.5 38.6 - - + +
30E ASN* 3.1 26.4 + - + +
22F GLU* 2.8 26.2 + - + +
23F VAL 3.9 1.8 - - - +
25F ARG* 1.3 87.4 - - - +
27F GLU* 1.3 61.4 + - - +
29F GLU* 4.3 12.1 - - - +
30F ASN* 2.9 26.0 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 27 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
22E LYS* 4.1 13.0 + - - -
26E LEU* 3.8 20.8 - - + +
23F VAL* 2.9 46.1 + - - +
24F ALA* 3.7 10.8 - - - +
26F LEU* 1.3 72.9 - - - +
28F LYS* 1.3 59.6 + - - +
30F ASN* 3.4 7.3 + - - +
31F ALA* 2.8 31.1 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 28 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
24F ALA 3.1 13.4 + - - +
25F ARG* 3.6 10.5 - - - +
27F GLU* 1.3 78.0 - - - +
29F GLU* 1.3 61.3 + - - +
31F ALA* 3.3 7.1 + - - +
32F GLU* 3.0 30.0 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 29 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
30E ASN* 3.2 25.1 - - - +
34E LYS* 4.7 14.2 + - - -
25F ARG* 3.0 37.6 + - - +
26F LEU* 3.7 13.2 - - - +
27F GLU 3.3 0.2 - - - -
28F LYS* 1.3 75.4 - - - +
30F ASN* 1.3 58.1 + - - +
32F GLU* 3.1 9.7 + - + +
33F CYS* 2.9 28.9 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 30 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
26E LEU* 5.3 6.8 - - + +
29E LYS* 3.7 37.6 - - + +
30E ASN* 3.4 14.6 + - - +
33E CYS* 4.5 2.3 - - - +
26F LEU 2.9 19.4 + - - +
27F GLU* 3.6 7.7 + - - +
29F GLU* 1.3 78.1 - - - +
31F ALA* 1.3 58.3 + - - +
33F CYS* 3.2 4.1 + - - +
34F GLU* 2.8 74.0 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 31 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
27F GLU 2.8 20.5 + - - +
28F LYS* 3.5 9.2 - - + +
29F GLU 3.3 0.2 - - - -
30F ASN* 1.3 75.5 - - - +
32F GLU* 1.3 57.1 + - - +
34F GLU* 3.3 7.9 + - - +
35F ALA* 3.0 29.3 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 32 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
28F LYS* 3.0 20.4 + - + +
29F GLU* 3.1 12.1 + - + +
31F ALA* 1.3 73.8 - - - +
33F CYS* 1.3 68.0 + - - +
35F ALA* 3.1 25.9 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 33 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
30E ASN* 4.9 5.6 - - - +
33E CYS* 2.0 62.1 - - + -
34E LYS* 4.1 9.2 - - - -
29F GLU* 2.9 19.1 + - + +
30F ASN* 3.8 5.6 - - - +
32F GLU* 1.3 76.5 - - - +
34F GLU* 1.3 60.5 + - - +
35F ALA* 3.4 7.3 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 34 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
29E LYS* 4.6 10.9 - - - +
33E CYS* 4.2 13.3 - - + +
30F ASN* 2.8 62.1 + - - +
31F ALA* 3.8 7.3 - - - +
33F CYS* 1.3 70.7 - - - +
35F ALA* 1.3 62.8 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 35 (chain F).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
31F ALA 3.0 12.4 + - - +
32F GLU* 3.1 22.3 + - - +
33F CYS 3.5 8.8 - - - +
34F GLU* 1.3 81.3 - - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il