Contacts of the helix formed by residues 134 - 156 (chain H) in PDB entry 1KN0


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 134 (chain H).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103H  PHE*     3.7     1.6    -      -       -      -
    132H  LEU*     3.4     4.4    -      -       -      +
    133H  LYS*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    135H  LYS*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    136H  ALA      3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
    137H  LEU*     3.2    36.0    +      -       -      +
    138H  SER*     3.1    24.9    +      -       -      -
    130I  GLU*     3.3    29.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 135 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96H  VAL*     4.1    19.7    -      -       +      -
    103H  PHE*     3.2    47.2    -      -       +      -
    134H  SER*     1.3    69.6    +      -       -      +
    136H  ALA*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
    138H  SER*     3.0    13.6    +      -       -      -
    139H  LEU*     3.0    17.7    +      -       +      +
     95I  PHE*     3.5    37.6    -      -       +      +
     97I  ASP*     3.1    32.7    +      -       -      -
    130I  GLU*     5.1     1.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 136 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134H  SER*     3.4     7.3    +      -       -      +
    135H  LYS*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    137H  LEU*     1.3    64.1    +      -       +      +
    139H  LEU      3.1     0.5    +      -       -      -
    140H  GLU*     2.9    23.6    +      -       -      +
     95I  PHE*     3.6    24.5    -      -       +      -
    105I  VAL      4.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
    126I  TYR*     3.7    11.6    -      -       +      -
    128I  VAL*     3.3    37.7    -      -       +      -
    130I  GLU*     4.0     6.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 137 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    132H  LEU*     3.9    23.5    -      -       +      +
    134H  SER*     3.2    27.1    +      -       -      +
    136H  ALA*     1.3    84.0    -      -       +      +
    138H  SER*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    140H  GLU*     3.8    18.9    -      -       -      +
    141H  LYS*     3.0    26.0    +      -       -      +
     58I  GLY*     5.7    10.1    -      -       -      +
    128I  VAL*     4.7     8.3    -      -       +      -
    130I  GLU*     3.9    13.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 138 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103H  PHE*     3.5    18.8    +      -       -      +
    105H  VAL*     3.8    20.6    -      -       -      +
    129H  SER*     3.1    32.9    +      -       -      -
    132H  LEU*     3.3    14.5    -      -       -      +
    134H  SER      3.1    19.8    +      -       -      -
    135H  LYS      3.0     6.7    +      -       -      -
    137H  LEU*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    139H  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    142H  ALA*     3.3    19.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 139 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93H  VAL*     4.2    17.7    -      -       +      -
     96H  VAL*     3.8    20.4    -      -       +      -
    105H  VAL*     3.7    25.8    -      -       +      -
    107H  VAL*     4.8     2.0    -      -       +      -
    135H  LYS*     3.0    15.6    +      -       +      +
    136H  ALA      3.7     2.9    -      -       -      +
    138H  SER*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    140H  GLU*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    141H  LYS      3.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
    142H  ALA      3.3     0.5    +      -       -      -
    143H  ARG*     2.8    34.2    +      -       +      +
     94I  ASP*     3.4    17.5    -      -       +      +
     95I  PHE*     3.8    23.8    -      -       +      -
    126I  TYR*     3.1    29.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 140 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136H  ALA      2.9    16.3    +      -       -      +
    137H  LEU*     3.8    21.1    -      -       -      +
    139H  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    141H  LYS*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    143H  ARG*     4.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    144H  LYS*     3.1    65.0    +      -       +      +
    126I  TYR*     3.7    36.8    -      -       +      +
    128I  VAL*     4.9     7.1    -      -       +      +
    149I  ASP*     4.4     2.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 141 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128H  VAL*     2.9    30.9    +      -       -      +
    129H  SER*     4.1    12.1    -      -       -      +
    132H  LEU*     5.0     7.2    -      -       +      -
    137H  LEU      3.0    17.3    +      -       -      +
    138H  SER      3.8     4.3    -      -       -      +
    139H  LEU      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    140H  GLU*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    142H  ALA*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    144H  LYS*     4.0     2.2    -      -       -      +
    145H  GLU*     2.9    64.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 142 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105H  VAL*     3.7    12.3    -      -       +      +
    107H  VAL*     3.7    19.4    -      -       +      +
    127H  GLY*     3.1    35.4    -      -       -      +
    128H  VAL*     3.8     9.4    -      -       -      +
    138H  SER      3.3    15.0    +      -       -      +
    139H  LEU      3.3     0.9    +      -       -      +
    141H  LYS*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    143H  ARG*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    146H  ALA*     2.9    28.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 143 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     91H  GLN*     2.7    63.4    +      -       -      +
     93H  VAL*     3.3    29.4    -      -       -      +
    107H  VAL*     4.2    12.6    -      -       +      -
    139H  LEU*     2.8    28.1    +      -       +      +
    140H  GLU*     4.3     2.9    -      -       -      +
    142H  ALA*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
    144H  LYS*     1.3    64.1    +      -       +      +
    147H  VAL*     3.3    15.6    +      -       -      +
     92I  ASN*     4.7     3.8    -      -       -      +
     94I  ASP*     2.6    45.0    +      -       -      -
    108I  CYS*     3.4    23.3    -      -       -      -
    110I  PHE*     4.6     3.6    -      -       -      -
    124I  VAL*     4.5     7.9    -      -       +      -
    126I  TYR*     3.7    22.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 144 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140H  GLU*     3.1    48.3    +      -       +      +
    141H  LYS*     4.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
    143H  ARG*     1.3    74.4    -      -       +      +
    145H  GLU*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
    147H  VAL*     3.2     2.8    +      -       -      +
    148H  THR*     3.1    25.1    +      -       -      -
    124I  VAL*     4.4    11.2    -      -       +      +
    126I  TYR*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      +
    149I  ASP*     2.7    37.4    +      -       -      -
    153I  ARG*     3.2    48.3    +      -       -      +
    156I  ARG*     5.8     2.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 145 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126H  TYR      4.3     3.5    -      -       -      +
    127H  GLY*     3.9    10.0    -      -       -      -
    128H  VAL*     3.6    11.1    +      -       -      +
    141H  LYS*     2.9    63.8    +      -       -      +
    144H  LYS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    146H  ALA*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    147H  VAL      3.0     0.5    +      -       -      -
    148H  THR*     3.2     6.0    +      -       -      -
    149H  ASP*     2.8    25.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 146 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    107H  VAL*     3.4    20.6    -      -       +      +
    109H  ALA*     3.8    17.5    -      -       +      +
    125H  GLY*     3.2    11.6    -      -       -      -
    126H  TYR*     3.5     6.7    -      -       -      -
    127H  GLY*     3.2    21.7    -      -       -      +
    142H  ALA      2.9    20.5    +      -       -      +
    143H  ARG      3.7     4.7    -      -       -      +
    144H  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    145H  GLU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    147H  VAL*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    150H  GLY*     2.9    22.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 147 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86H  HIS*     5.2     6.7    -      -       +      -
     88H  ILE*     3.7    23.8    -      -       +      -
     91H  GLN*     3.7     8.5    -      -       -      +
    109H  ALA*     4.1    12.3    -      -       +      -
    111H  VAL*     3.6     7.2    -      -       +      +
    143H  ARG      3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
    144H  LYS      3.2     8.4    +      -       -      +
    145H  GLU      3.1     0.8    -      -       -      -
    146H  ALA*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    148H  THR*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    150H  GLY*     2.9     4.0    +      -       -      -
    151H  LEU*     2.8    27.8    +      -       +      +
    122I  GLU      4.9     2.5    -      -       -      +
    123I  ASP*     3.6    27.1    -      -       -      +
    124I  VAL*     3.0    32.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 148 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68H  GLY*     4.1    25.8    -      -       -      +
     72H  ILE*     6.5     0.9    -      -       +      -
    144H  LYS      3.1    12.4    +      -       -      -
    145H  GLU*     3.8     8.5    -      -       -      -
    147H  VAL*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    149H  ASP*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    151H  LEU*     3.1    10.2    +      -       +      +
    152H  LYS*     2.8    34.4    +      -       +      +
    123I  ASP*     5.4     0.9    +      -       -      -
    153I  ARG*     3.7    13.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 149 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    140G  GLU*     5.1     1.1    -      -       -      -
    144G  LYS*     2.6    34.9    +      -       -      -
    125H  GLY*     3.4     2.1    -      -       -      -
    126H  TYR      2.9    32.5    +      -       -      +
    145H  GLU*     2.8    21.1    +      -       +      +
    148H  THR*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    150H  GLY*     1.3    58.7    +      -       -      +
    152H  LYS*     3.4    18.2    +      -       -      +
    153H  ARG*     2.9    35.2    +      -       -      +
    156H  ARG*     5.1     4.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 150 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111H  VAL*     3.9    16.0    -      -       -      +
    123H  ASP*     4.4     3.4    -      -       -      +
    124H  VAL      4.0     4.5    -      -       -      -
    125H  GLY*     3.2    22.6    -      -       -      -
    146H  ALA      2.9     8.9    +      -       -      -
    147H  VAL      2.9     7.8    +      -       -      -
    149H  ASP*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    151H  LEU*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    153H  ARG*     3.2     3.1    +      -       -      +
    154H  ALA*     2.9    23.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 151 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71H  VAL*     5.6     1.1    -      -       +      -
     72H  ILE*     4.8    16.4    -      -       +      -
     84H  TRP*     3.9    19.3    -      -       +      -
     86H  HIS*     3.7    37.7    -      -       +      +
    111H  VAL*     3.7     9.9    -      -       +      +
    113H  VAL*     3.6    19.7    -      -       +      -
    147H  VAL*     2.8    16.3    +      -       +      +
    148H  THR*     3.1    13.4    +      -       +      +
    150H  GLY*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
    152H  LYS*     1.3    65.6    +      -       +      +
    154H  ALA*     3.2     2.4    +      -       -      +
    155H  LEU*     3.0    42.0    +      -       +      +
    123I  ASP*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    157I  SER*     5.1     2.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 152 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55H  ARG*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
     65H  TYR*     4.3    14.8    -      -       -      +
     66H  ILE*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
     67H  GLU*     4.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
     68H  GLY*     4.3    11.6    -      -       -      +
     71H  VAL*     3.7    35.7    -      -       +      -
    148H  THR*     2.8    34.6    +      -       +      +
    149H  ASP*     3.8    20.4    +      -       -      +
    151H  LEU*     1.3    74.7    -      -       +      +
    153H  ARG*     1.3    62.6    +      -       +      +
    154H  ALA      3.2     0.3    +      -       -      -
    155H  LEU*     3.3     3.5    +      -       -      +
    156H  ARG*     3.1    36.9    +      -       +      +
    162H  LEU      4.7     1.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 153 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    144G  LYS*     3.5    68.6    +      -       -      +
    148G  THR*     3.8    12.9    +      -       -      -
    123H  ASP*     3.2    38.7    +      -       +      +
    124H  VAL      2.9    25.9    +      -       -      +
    149H  ASP*     2.9    20.7    +      -       -      +
    150H  GLY      3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
    152H  LYS*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    154H  ALA*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    156H  ARG*     3.7    52.9    -      -       -      +
    157H  SER*     4.0     4.7    +      -       -      -
    167H  LEU*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 154 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111H  VAL      4.1    12.3    -      -       -      +
    113H  VAL*     3.3    27.6    -      -       +      -
    121H  HIS*     3.8    20.4    -      -       -      +
    122H  GLU      5.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
    123H  ASP*     3.9    10.1    -      -       -      +
    150H  GLY      2.9    15.8    +      -       -      +
    151H  LEU*     3.4     3.1    -      -       -      +
    152H  LYS      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    153H  ARG*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    155H  LEU*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    157H  SER*     3.0    24.0    +      -       -      -
    158H  PHE*     4.4     1.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 155 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71H  VAL*     3.4    39.3    -      -       +      +
     72H  ILE*     5.6     0.4    -      -       -      -
     75H  ALA*     4.3     7.9    -      -       +      -
     79H  PHE*     4.7     3.4    -      -       +      -
     84H  TRP*     4.2    16.8    -      -       +      -
    113H  VAL*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      -
    151H  LEU*     3.0    39.4    +      -       +      +
    152H  LYS      3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
    154H  ALA*     1.3    71.1    -      -       -      +
    156H  ARG*     1.3    67.4    +      -       -      +
    157H  SER      2.9     2.5    -      -       -      -
    158H  PHE*     2.8    36.5    +      -       +      +
    162H  LEU*     3.6    23.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 156 (chain H). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72G  ILE*     4.5     4.7    -      -       +      -
    144G  LYS*     5.8     1.6    -      -       -      +
     65H  TYR*     6.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
    149H  ASP*     5.1     5.7    +      -       -      -
    152H  LYS*     3.1    27.1    +      -       +      +
    153H  ARG*     3.7    52.4    -      -       -      +
    154H  ALA      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    155H  LEU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    157H  SER*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    158H  PHE      3.1     1.0    +      -       -      -
    159H  GLY      3.2    10.6    +      -       -      -
    162H  LEU      3.8    12.7    +      -       -      +
    163H  GLY*     3.5    26.9    -      -       -      +
    164H  ASN*     3.4    24.4    -      -       +      +
    166H  ILE*     4.0    17.6    -      -       -      +
    167H  LEU*     3.4    36.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il