Contacts of the helix formed by residues 685 - 714 (chain E) in PDB entry 1P3F
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLN 685 (chain E).
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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684E PHE* 1.3 77.2 - - - +
686E SER* 1.3 68.2 + - - +
687E SER* 3.7 13.9 + - - +
688E ALA* 2.9 13.9 + - - +
689E VAL 3.4 5.7 + - - -
280F THR* 4.4 8.6 - - + +
281F VAL 3.1 16.0 + - - +
282F THR* 3.2 19.0 - - - +
283F ALA* 2.7 30.1 + - - +
101I C 5.8 1.0 + - - -
102I A 5.3 6.3 + - - -
195J C 6.0 2.0 - - - -
196J C 3.4 27.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with SER 686 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
668E GLN* 5.3 7.6 - - - +
672E ARG* 6.4 0.2 - - - +
684E PHE 3.6 2.9 + - - -
685E GLN* 1.3 73.0 - - - +
687E SER* 1.3 62.4 + - - +
689E VAL* 3.0 22.0 + - - +
690E MET* 3.0 18.8 + - - +
196J C 3.1 15.6 + - - -
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Residues in contact with SER 687 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
685E GLN* 3.7 14.6 + - - +
686E SER* 1.3 77.9 + - - +
688E ALA* 1.3 62.7 + - - +
690E MET* 3.6 8.7 - - - -
691E ALA* 2.8 29.1 + - - +
283F ALA* 3.5 18.7 - - - +
300F PHE* 3.5 17.7 - - - -
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Residues in contact with ALA 688 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
684E PHE* 4.2 10.3 - - + -
685E GLN 2.9 11.0 + - - +
687E SER* 1.3 78.0 + - - +
689E VAL* 1.3 67.3 + - - +
691E ALA* 3.8 2.9 - - - +
692E LEU* 3.1 31.0 + - - +
281F VAL 3.7 10.3 - - - +
282F THR 3.6 27.6 - - - +
283F ALA* 3.7 10.8 - - - +
286F VAL* 4.2 7.9 - - + +
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Residues in contact with VAL 689 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
664E LYS 5.7 0.4 - - - +
667E PHE* 3.9 14.8 - - + -
668E GLN* 3.5 54.3 - - + +
671E VAL* 4.3 9.4 - - + -
672E ARG* 4.7 0.9 - - - +
684E PHE* 4.1 21.8 - - + -
685E GLN 4.0 7.2 - - - +
686E SER* 3.0 10.7 + - - +
688E ALA* 1.3 78.9 - - - +
690E MET* 1.3 61.5 + - + +
692E LEU* 3.4 8.1 + - - +
693E GLN* 3.0 27.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with MET 690 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
660E LEU* 4.0 12.3 - - + -
664E LYS* 3.0 38.6 - - - +
686E SER* 3.0 19.8 + - - +
687E SER* 3.7 8.7 - - - +
689E VAL* 1.3 81.9 - - + +
691E ALA* 1.3 56.6 + - - +
693E GLN* 3.3 15.3 + - - +
694E GLU* 3.0 37.2 + - + +
300F PHE* 3.8 16.8 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 691 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
687E SER 2.8 17.4 + - - +
688E ALA* 3.8 2.2 - - - +
689E VAL 3.3 0.2 - - - -
690E MET* 1.3 73.2 - - - +
692E LEU* 1.3 67.3 + - - +
694E GLU 3.2 0.2 + - - -
695E ALA* 2.9 25.3 + - - +
283F ALA* 5.1 1.6 - - + -
286F VAL* 3.8 21.3 - - + -
287F VAL* 4.9 2.5 - - + -
297F LEU* 3.6 26.9 - - + +
300F PHE* 3.7 18.8 - - + -
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Residues in contact with LEU 692 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
667E PHE* 3.8 10.5 - - + -
671E VAL* 3.7 31.6 - - + -
684E PHE* 4.3 10.8 - - + -
688E ALA 3.1 20.9 + - - +
689E VAL* 3.5 9.6 - - - +
691E ALA* 1.3 76.8 - - - +
693E GLN* 1.3 57.2 + - - +
695E ALA* 3.2 6.4 + - - +
696E SER* 2.8 35.9 + - - -
261F PHE* 4.9 0.8 - - + -
262F LEU* 4.7 7.4 - - + -
265F VAL* 4.0 23.3 - - + -
266F ILE* 4.0 21.5 - - + -
286F VAL* 3.8 26.9 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLN 693 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
660E LEU* 3.8 22.6 - - + +
662E ILE* 3.0 35.6 + - - +
663E ARG 4.0 6.5 + - - -
664E LYS* 4.0 11.8 + - - +
667E PHE* 3.4 37.7 - - + +
689E VAL* 3.0 14.2 + - - +
690E MET* 3.7 18.5 - - - +
692E LEU* 1.3 79.5 - - - +
694E GLU* 1.3 60.9 + - - +
696E SER* 3.9 0.4 - - - -
697E GLU* 3.2 41.2 + - + +
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Residues in contact with GLU 694 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
901C THR* 4.6 2.1 - - - +
903C ALA* 3.4 7.5 - - + -
904C GLN* 2.8 58.2 + - - +
660E LEU* 3.7 24.3 - - + +
690E MET* 3.0 26.0 + - + +
691E ALA 3.2 3.1 + - - +
693E GLN* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
695E ALA* 1.3 63.9 + - - +
697E GLU* 4.1 1.0 - - - +
698E ALA* 3.1 24.6 + - - +
297F LEU* 4.5 11.2 - - + -
300F PHE* 3.9 22.8 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 695 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
901C THR* 5.3 3.3 + - - -
691E ALA 2.9 17.7 + - - +
692E LEU* 3.4 6.3 - - - +
694E GLU* 1.3 81.9 - - - +
696E SER* 1.3 57.2 + - - +
698E ALA* 3.5 5.1 + - - +
699E TYR* 3.0 26.2 + - - +
261F PHE* 3.9 7.9 - - + -
290F LEU* 3.7 37.2 - - + -
295F ARG* 4.3 5.8 + - + +
297F LEU* 4.8 6.7 - - + +
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Residues in contact with SER 696 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
662E ILE* 5.6 0.7 - - - -
667E PHE* 3.7 11.6 - - - -
692E LEU 2.8 22.6 + - - -
693E GLN 3.9 3.8 - - - -
695E ALA* 1.3 73.2 - - - +
697E GLU* 1.3 57.8 + - - +
698E ALA 3.1 1.1 - - - -
699E TYR* 3.2 1.4 + - - +
700E LEU* 2.7 40.8 + - - +
258F LEU* 3.9 18.8 - - - -
261F PHE* 3.6 14.9 - - - -
262F LEU* 3.4 26.3 - - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 697 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
659E GLU 4.4 0.3 - - - +
660E LEU* 3.3 22.9 - - + +
661E LEU* 2.6 35.1 + - - +
662E ILE* 2.7 52.4 + - + +
693E GLN* 3.2 25.2 + - + +
694E GLU 4.4 0.7 - - - +
696E SER* 1.3 79.1 - - - +
698E ALA* 1.3 59.2 + - - +
700E LEU* 4.3 5.6 - - - -
701E VAL* 2.8 36.4 + - + +
237F LEU* 3.9 12.0 - - + +
240F ARG* 4.5 3.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 698 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
901C THR* 3.7 28.9 - - + +
694E GLU 3.1 19.5 + - - +
695E ALA 3.8 3.8 - - - +
697E GLU* 1.3 80.2 - - - +
699E TYR* 1.3 58.8 + - - +
701E VAL* 4.4 3.7 - - - +
702E ALA* 3.3 22.5 + - - +
295F ARG* 3.8 5.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with TYR 699 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
695E ALA 3.0 16.5 + - - +
696E SER 3.5 4.5 - - - +
697E GLU 3.1 0.2 - - - -
698E ALA* 1.3 76.5 - - - +
700E LEU* 1.3 80.2 + - + +
701E VAL 3.2 0.2 - - - -
702E ALA* 3.2 3.4 + - - +
703E LEU* 2.8 31.1 + - + +
728E ARG* 3.6 17.5 + - - -
731E ARG* 3.4 23.4 + - - -
733E GLU* 2.5 31.3 + - - -
257F VAL* 3.9 22.7 - - + +
258F LEU* 5.9 0.2 - - + -
261F PHE* 3.6 47.1 - + + -
295F ARG* 3.4 30.0 - - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 700 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
662E ILE* 4.6 4.3 - - + -
696E SER 2.7 21.6 + - - +
697E GLU* 3.9 3.8 - - - +
699E TYR* 1.3 89.4 - - + +
701E VAL* 1.3 62.7 + - - +
703E LEU* 3.0 16.0 + - + +
704E PHE* 3.0 24.4 + - + -
229F ILE* 5.9 1.8 - - + -
234F ILE* 6.4 0.2 - - + -
237F LEU* 3.6 29.4 - - + -
254F THR* 4.2 25.6 - - + -
257F VAL* 4.1 21.3 - - + -
258F LEU* 3.9 35.7 - - + -
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Residues in contact with VAL 701 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
907C VAL* 3.9 18.4 - - + -
697E GLU* 2.8 25.7 + - + +
698E ALA* 4.4 3.8 - - - +
700E LEU* 1.3 73.0 - - - +
702E ALA* 1.3 63.0 + - - +
703E LEU 3.2 0.7 + - - -
704E PHE* 3.3 5.1 + - - +
705E GLU* 3.2 24.1 + - - +
237F LEU* 3.3 42.6 - - + +
240F ARG* 3.8 24.5 - - + -
241F GLY* 3.8 22.3 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 702 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
698E ALA 3.3 18.5 + - - +
699E TYR* 3.2 6.2 + - - +
701E VAL* 1.3 80.7 - - - +
703E LEU* 1.3 61.0 + - - +
705E GLU* 3.6 20.5 - - - +
706E ASP* 3.5 15.4 + - - +
731E ARG* 3.2 16.7 + - - +
295F ARG* 5.1 6.7 - - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 703 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
699E TYR* 2.8 24.8 + - + +
700E LEU* 3.3 11.2 - - + +
701E VAL 3.0 0.2 - - - -
702E ALA* 1.3 77.2 - - - +
704E PHE* 1.3 69.7 + - + +
706E ASP* 2.9 12.8 + - - +
707E THR* 2.9 20.7 + - - +
724E ILE* 4.0 23.8 - - + +
727E ALA* 4.3 8.5 - - + -
728E ARG* 4.1 19.5 - - + -
731E ARG* 3.4 34.1 - - - +
254F THR* 6.4 0.4 - - + -
257F VAL* 3.9 27.6 - - + -
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Residues in contact with PHE 704 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
700E LEU* 3.0 27.8 + - + -
701E VAL 3.7 6.1 - - - +
703E LEU* 1.3 74.8 - - + +
705E GLU* 1.3 55.3 + - - +
707E THR* 3.4 9.4 - - - -
708E ASN* 2.6 37.9 + - - +
719E ILE* 3.9 29.4 - - + -
724E ILE* 4.3 8.3 - - + -
234F ILE* 3.7 31.2 - - + -
237F LEU* 3.7 13.9 - - + -
238F ALA* 3.5 35.2 - - + -
241F GLY* 4.3 4.5 - - - -
243F VAL* 4.0 11.0 - - + +
250F ILE* 4.1 11.0 - - + -
254F THR* 3.9 19.5 - - + -
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Residues in contact with GLU 705 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
529A ARG* 4.9 13.2 + - - +
907C VAL* 4.5 11.6 - - - +
701E VAL* 3.2 26.3 + - - +
702E ALA* 3.6 20.1 - - - +
704E PHE* 1.3 73.8 - - - +
706E ASP* 1.3 70.4 + - - +
708E ASN* 3.0 6.6 + - - +
709E LEU* 2.8 28.2 + - + +
240F ARG 4.8 0.9 - - - +
241F GLY* 3.7 22.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 706 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
529A ARG* 3.4 24.6 + - - -
530A ILE* 4.1 24.1 - - + +
702E ALA 3.7 7.7 - - - +
703E LEU 2.9 8.5 + - - +
705E GLU* 1.3 85.7 - - - +
707E THR* 1.3 51.2 + - - +
709E LEU* 3.1 9.2 + - - +
710E CYS* 2.7 37.1 + - - -
727E ALA* 3.9 18.8 - - + -
731E ARG* 2.9 32.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with THR 707 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
703E LEU* 2.9 21.4 + - - +
704E PHE* 3.4 12.2 - - - -
706E ASP* 1.3 72.9 - - - +
708E ASN* 1.3 60.7 + - - +
710E CYS* 3.0 8.9 + - - +
711E ALA* 2.9 27.5 + - - +
719E ILE* 3.8 21.1 - - + -
723E ASP* 3.4 24.1 - - + +
724E ILE* 3.4 40.5 - - + +
727E ALA* 4.3 0.8 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 708 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
912C GLN* 4.2 13.1 - - - +
915C LEU* 4.1 12.8 - - - +
704E PHE 2.6 21.7 + - - +
705E GLU* 3.3 6.9 - - - +
707E THR* 1.3 72.6 - - - +
709E LEU* 1.3 60.6 + - + +
711E ALA* 3.6 1.9 + - - +
712E ILE* 3.0 41.6 + - - +
717E VAL 4.9 6.8 - - - +
719E ILE* 3.8 15.6 - - - +
241F GLY 4.3 2.2 + - - -
242F GLY* 2.9 32.7 + - - -
243F VAL* 3.8 17.4 - - + +
244F LYS 5.0 0.3 + - - -
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Residues in contact with LEU 709 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
526A LEU* 4.3 20.7 - - + +
529A ARG* 3.2 46.0 - - + +
530A ILE* 5.1 1.8 - - + -
912C GLN* 3.7 31.4 - - + +
705E GLU* 2.8 16.9 + - + +
706E ASP* 3.3 12.3 - - - +
707E THR 3.1 0.2 - - - -
708E ASN* 1.3 79.2 - - + +
710E CYS* 1.3 64.7 + - - +
712E ILE* 3.5 9.9 + - + +
713E HIS* 3.1 20.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with CYS 710 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
513A HIS* 3.2 17.3 + - + +
526A LEU* 4.6 5.6 - - - -
530A ILE* 3.6 22.4 - - - -
706E ASP 2.7 20.8 + - - +
707E THR 3.0 8.0 + - - +
709E LEU* 1.3 71.2 - - - +
711E ALA* 1.3 67.3 + - - +
713E HIS* 3.0 21.0 + - - +
714E ALA 3.3 0.9 + - - -
723E ASP* 3.4 19.5 - - + +
726E LEU* 4.0 17.7 - - - -
727E ALA* 3.9 22.7 - - - -
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Residues in contact with ALA 711 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
707E THR 2.9 13.0 + - - +
708E ASN* 3.8 7.6 - - - +
709E LEU 3.4 0.2 - - - -
710E CYS* 1.3 70.1 - - - +
712E ILE* 1.3 56.6 + - + +
714E ALA* 2.6 31.4 + - - +
716E ARG* 3.2 31.7 + - - +
717E VAL 4.9 1.3 - - - -
718E THR 4.1 11.0 - - - +
719E ILE* 4.1 9.0 - - + +
723E ASP* 3.1 27.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 712 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
912C GLN* 3.8 37.5 - - + +
914C VAL* 4.0 32.8 - - + -
915C LEU* 4.8 3.1 - - + -
708E ASN* 3.0 30.1 - - - +
709E LEU* 3.6 10.8 - - + +
711E ALA* 1.3 74.8 - - + +
713E HIS* 1.3 62.7 + - - +
715E LYS* 2.8 15.1 + - - +
716E ARG 3.4 17.5 - - - +
717E VAL* 5.1 2.0 - - - -
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Residues in contact with HIS 713 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
510A CYS* 2.8 33.0 + - + +
513A HIS* 4.3 10.1 - + - -
514A ALA* 3.8 14.3 - - + +
516A ARG* 3.7 11.9 + - - -
522A LYS* 4.1 20.2 + - + +
523A ASP* 3.0 32.5 + - - -
526A LEU* 3.4 30.2 - - + +
709E LEU 3.1 12.4 + - - +
710E CYS 3.0 12.3 + - - +
711E ALA 3.0 1.0 + - - -
712E ILE* 1.3 77.1 - - - +
714E ALA* 1.3 55.5 + - - +
715E LYS* 3.1 9.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 714 (chain E).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
513A HIS* 4.0 19.3 - - + +
514A ALA* 4.4 10.8 - - - +
710E CYS 3.9 6.5 - - - +
711E ALA 2.6 10.4 + - - +
713E HIS* 1.3 76.8 - - - +
715E LYS* 1.3 73.8 + - - +
716E ARG* 3.2 33.6 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il