Contacts of the helix formed by residues 147 - 168 (chain C) in PDB entry 1PL8


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 147 (chain C).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     90C  ARG*     3.4     6.1    -      -       -      +
    142C  LEU*     3.9     2.1    -      -       -      +
    145C  ASN      5.3     2.2    -      -       -      +
    146C  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    148C  PHE*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
    149C  GLU*     3.5     5.2    +      -       -      +
    150C  GLU*     2.9    39.9    +      -       -      +
    151C  GLY*     2.9    23.2    +      -       -      -
    318C  LYS*     4.4    17.7    -      -       -      +
    356C  PRO*     3.7    26.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 148 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39C  HIS*     3.3    54.3    -      +       +      +
     40C  SER*     3.6     1.8    -      -       -      +
     72C  SER*     2.7    36.6    +      -       -      +
     73C  GLY      3.7    23.3    -      -       -      -
     74C  THR*     3.6    15.3    -      -       -      -
     90C  ARG*     3.3    47.7    -      -       +      +
    142C  LEU*     4.4     4.3    -      -       +      -
    147C  THR*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    149C  GLU*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    151C  GLY*     3.0     2.1    +      -       -      -
    152C  ALA*     2.8    18.2    +      -       -      +
    353C  ASP*     3.8     9.2    -      -       -      -
    356C  PRO*     3.3    11.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 149 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40C  SER*     3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
    147C  THR*     3.3     4.0    -      -       -      +
    148C  PHE*     1.3    71.7    -      -       -      +
    150C  GLU*     1.3    61.1    +      -       +      +
    152C  ALA*     3.2     5.0    +      -       -      +
    153C  LEU*     2.8    35.7    +      -       +      +
    321C  VAL*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      +
    324C  ARG*     2.8    45.4    +      -       -      -
    346C  MET*     3.7    22.8    -      -       +      +
    348C  LYS*     2.9    30.0    +      -       -      +
    356C  PRO*     2.9    29.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 150 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    145C  ASN      4.0     4.2    -      -       -      +
    146C  VAL*     3.4    20.5    -      -       +      -
    147C  THR*     2.9    47.5    +      -       -      +
    149C  GLU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
    151C  GLY*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    153C  LEU*     3.1    19.7    +      -       +      +
    154C  ILE*     3.2    17.1    +      -       -      +
    310C  LEU*     3.8    32.8    -      -       +      +
    313C  LYS*     4.7     5.7    +      -       -      +
    315C  VAL      5.1     2.8    -      -       -      +
    316C  ASN*     5.2     2.1    -      -       -      +
    317C  VAL*     4.3     9.3    +      -       +      +
    318C  LYS*     3.6    35.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 151 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71C  ALA      4.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
     72C  SER*     4.0     6.5    -      -       -      -
     92C  ALA*     3.8     9.0    -      -       -      +
    142C  LEU*     4.0    18.6    -      -       -      -
    146C  VAL*     4.5     0.4    -      -       -      +
    147C  THR      2.9    14.1    +      -       -      -
    148C  PHE      3.0     5.6    +      -       -      -
    150C  GLU*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    152C  ALA*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
    154C  ILE*     3.3    34.0    +      -       -      +
    155C  GLU      4.5     0.5    +      -       -      -
    303C  TRP*     4.8     1.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 152 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40C  SER*     3.6    19.1    -      -       -      +
     70C  GLU*     3.4    32.4    -      -       -      +
     71C  ALA      3.9     8.7    -      -       -      -
     72C  SER*     3.9     0.8    -      -       -      -
    148C  PHE      2.8    11.6    +      -       -      +
    149C  GLU      3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
    150C  GLU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    151C  GLY*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    153C  LEU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    154C  ILE      3.1     1.8    +      -       -      -
    155C  GLU*     3.4     9.7    +      -       -      +
    156C  PRO*     3.6     7.3    -      -       -      +
    346C  MET*     3.8    20.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 153 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70C  GLU*     5.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    149C  GLU*     2.8    23.8    +      -       +      +
    150C  GLU*     3.1     8.2    +      -       +      +
    152C  ALA*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
    154C  ILE*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
    155C  GLU      3.1     2.7    -      -       -      -
    156C  PRO*     3.1    18.2    -      -       +      +
    157C  LEU*     2.9    25.7    +      -       -      +
    186C  VAL*     5.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
    317C  VAL*     3.4    47.3    -      -       +      +
    318C  LYS*     4.5     2.7    -      -       -      +
    320C  LEU*     4.6    11.7    -      -       +      -
    321C  VAL*     3.8    17.9    -      -       +      -
    344C  LYS*     3.6    23.6    -      -       +      -
    346C  MET*     3.6    18.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 154 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     92C  ALA*     3.7    15.3    -      -       +      -
    142C  LEU*     4.2     2.0    -      -       +      -
    150C  GLU      3.2    12.1    +      -       -      +
    151C  GLY*     3.3    21.8    -      -       -      +
    152C  ALA      3.1     1.2    -      -       -      -
    153C  LEU*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    155C  GLU*     1.3    54.1    +      -       -      +
    157C  LEU*     3.7     7.8    -      -       -      +
    158C  SER*     2.6    42.2    +      -       -      +
    303C  TRP*     3.4    30.1    -      -       +      +
    306C  ALA*     3.5    22.9    -      -       +      -
    307C  ILE*     3.6    30.1    -      -       +      -
    310C  LEU*     3.7    19.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 155 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69C  HIS*     3.4    40.7    +      -       -      +
     70C  GLU*     3.2    34.5    -      -       +      +
     71C  ALA      5.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
     93C  ILE      5.4     0.7    -      -       -      +
     95C  PRO*     4.0     6.3    -      -       +      -
    118C  PHE*     4.2     2.4    -      -       -      -
    151C  GLY      4.5     0.6    +      -       -      -
    152C  ALA      3.4     2.9    +      -       -      +
    153C  LEU      3.1     0.6    -      -       -      -
    154C  ILE*     1.3    81.5    -      -       -      +
    156C  PRO*     1.3    76.3    -      -       +      +
    158C  SER*     3.2    12.0    +      -       -      -
    159C  VAL*     3.5     8.2    +      -       -      +
    299C  TYR*     2.5    39.0    +      -       -      +
    303C  TRP*     3.7    12.9    -      -       +      -
    400C  NAD      6.0     0.9    -      -       -      -
    402C   ZN      3.5     2.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 156 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     70C  GLU*     3.8    19.7    -      -       -      +
    152C  ALA      3.6     5.2    -      -       -      +
    153C  LEU*     3.1    35.4    -      -       +      +
    155C  GLU*     1.3   104.3    -      -       +      +
    157C  LEU*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
    159C  VAL*     3.0    24.9    +      -       +      +
    182C  PRO*     5.5     4.0    -      -       +      +
    183C  ILE*     4.6    13.2    -      -       +      -
    186C  VAL*     3.4    24.3    -      -       +      +
    320C  LEU*     5.9     0.2    -      -       +      -
    344C  LYS*     4.4    10.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 157 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153C  LEU      2.9    18.5    +      -       -      +
    154C  ILE*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
    156C  PRO*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    158C  SER*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    160C  GLY*     2.9     6.4    +      -       -      -
    161C  ILE*     2.9    34.0    +      -       +      +
    186C  VAL*     3.9    19.0    -      -       +      +
    189C  LEU*     5.1     0.9    -      -       +      -
    190C  VAL*     3.7    21.5    -      -       +      -
    306C  ALA*     4.0    25.8    -      -       +      -
    309C  MET*     5.7     1.1    -      -       +      -
    310C  LEU*     4.7    11.9    -      -       +      -
    315C  VAL*     4.6    21.5    -      -       +      -
    317C  VAL*     4.1    28.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 158 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154C  ILE*     2.6    29.9    +      -       -      +
    155C  GLU      3.5     6.3    -      -       -      -
    156C  PRO      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    157C  LEU*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    159C  VAL*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    161C  ILE*     3.7     9.3    -      -       -      +
    162C  HIS*     2.8    32.6    +      -       -      +
    299C  TYR*     3.6     8.7    -      -       -      +
    302C  THR*     2.7    31.4    +      -       -      +
    303C  TRP*     3.3    19.9    -      -       -      -
    306C  ALA*     4.6     0.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 159 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    155C  GLU*     3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
    156C  PRO*     3.0    13.2    +      -       +      +
    158C  SER*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    160C  GLY*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
    162C  HIS*     3.8     1.4    -      -       -      +
    163C  ALA*     2.8    32.0    +      -       +      +
    183C  ILE*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
    272C  VAL*     3.7    29.4    -      -       +      -
    296C  VAL*     4.8     4.1    -      -       +      +
    298C  ARG*     4.1    12.7    -      -       -      +
    299C  TYR*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      -
    400C  NAD      4.1    24.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 160 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    156C  PRO      3.4     3.8    +      -       -      -
    157C  LEU      2.9     8.0    +      -       -      -
    159C  VAL*     1.3    81.4    -      -       -      +
    161C  ILE*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    163C  ALA*     3.7     1.6    -      -       -      +
    164C  CYS*     3.0    31.0    +      -       -      -
    186C  VAL*     4.1     5.9    -      -       -      +
    187C  THR*     3.8    29.6    -      -       -      -
    190C  VAL*     3.9     7.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 161 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157C  LEU*     2.9    25.6    +      -       +      +
    158C  SER*     3.7    10.8    -      -       -      +
    160C  GLY*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    162C  HIS*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    164C  CYS*     3.4     2.1    +      -       -      +
    165C  ARG*     3.0    45.7    +      -       +      +
    190C  VAL*     3.8    20.1    -      -       +      +
    194C  MET*     5.3     0.3    -      -       -      +
    302C  THR*     3.7    25.6    -      -       +      +
    305C  VAL*     4.3     7.0    -      -       +      -
    306C  ALA*     3.9    34.3    -      -       +      +
    309C  MET*     6.0     1.1    -      -       +      -
    171D  LEU*     4.1    18.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 162 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109C  ARG*     6.0     3.3    +      -       -      -
    111C  ASN*     3.9    15.8    +      -       -      -
    158C  SER      2.8    20.2    +      -       -      +
    159C  VAL      3.8     1.3    -      -       -      +
    161C  ILE*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    163C  ALA*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    165C  ARG*     3.2    11.8    +      -       -      +
    166C  ARG*     2.8    57.3    +      -       +      +
    296C  VAL*     3.6    22.4    -      -       +      -
    297C  PHE      4.4     3.6    +      -       -      -
    298C  ARG      3.3    26.2    -      -       -      +
    299C  TYR*     3.6    12.6    -      -       +      -
    300C  CYS*     3.9    31.9    +      -       -      -
    302C  THR*     4.5     2.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 163 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159C  VAL      2.8    19.9    +      -       -      +
    160C  GLY*     3.7     7.0    -      -       -      +
    162C  HIS*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    164C  CYS*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    166C  ARG*     3.4     3.1    +      -       -      +
    167C  GLY*     2.9    23.4    +      -       -      -
    187C  THR*     4.6     2.2    -      -       -      +
    247C  ILE*     4.0    16.1    -      -       +      +
    270C  VAL*     3.7    10.0    -      -       +      +
    272C  VAL*     3.8    28.5    -      -       +      -
    296C  VAL*     3.8    13.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 164 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160C  GLY      3.0    21.2    +      -       -      +
    161C  ILE      4.0     0.7    -      -       -      +
    163C  ALA*     1.3    73.6    -      -       -      +
    165C  ARG*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
    167C  GLY      3.3     0.3    +      -       -      -
    168C  GLY      3.0    21.3    +      -       -      -
    169C  VAL*     3.0    29.7    +      -       +      +
    187C  THR*     3.7    22.9    -      -       -      -
    190C  VAL*     3.8    10.5    -      -       +      -
    191C  ALA*     3.8     9.0    -      -       -      -
    194C  MET*     3.5    23.8    -      -       -      -
    247C  ILE*     3.6    22.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 165 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161C  ILE*     3.0    39.1    +      -       +      +
    162C  HIS*     3.5    10.7    +      -       -      +
    164C  CYS*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    166C  ARG*     1.3    67.4    +      -       +      +
    168C  GLY*     2.9    15.6    +      -       -      -
    194C  MET*     5.0    14.8    -      -       +      -
    300C  CYS      3.2    16.6    +      -       -      -
    301C  ASN*     2.8    33.5    +      -       -      +
    302C  THR*     3.7     4.0    -      -       -      +
    305C  VAL*     3.5    29.7    -      -       -      +
    170D  THR*     6.0     5.3    -      -       -      +
    171D  LEU*     5.1     5.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 166 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109C  ARG*     3.9    29.8    -      -       -      +
    162C  HIS*     2.8    50.6    +      -       +      +
    163C  ALA      3.7     4.3    -      -       -      +
    165C  ARG*     1.3    79.1    -      -       +      +
    167C  GLY*     1.3    59.2    +      -       -      +
    168C  GLY      3.5     0.5    +      -       -      -
    268C  THR*     4.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
    270C  VAL*     4.2     6.7    -      -       +      -
    294C  LYS*     3.4    64.4    +      -       +      +
    295C  GLY      2.9    29.9    +      -       -      +
    296C  VAL*     4.1    10.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 167 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163C  ALA      2.9    12.8    +      -       -      -
    164C  CYS      3.3     2.2    +      -       -      -
    165C  ARG      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    166C  ARG*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    168C  GLY*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    169C  VAL      3.2     2.5    -      -       -      -
    245C  VAL*     3.3    25.5    -      -       -      +
    268C  THR*     3.7    17.3    +      -       -      -
    270C  VAL*     3.3    23.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 168 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164C  CYS      3.0     0.6    +      -       -      -
    165C  ARG*     2.9    16.8    +      -       -      -
    166C  ARG      3.3     1.0    +      -       -      -
    167C  GLY*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    169C  VAL*     1.3    67.9    +      -       -      +
    170C  THR*     3.2     8.5    +      -       -      +
    173C  HIS*     3.3    16.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il