Contacts of the helix formed by residues 198 - 220 (chain A) in PDB entry 1XFB


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 198 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    196A  ASP      3.8     1.0    +      -       -      -
    197A  HIS*     1.3    79.6    -      -       -      +
    199A  LEU*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
    200A  LYS*     3.1    37.2    +      -       -      +
    201A  ARG*     3.2    27.2    +      -       -      +
    202A  CYS      3.3     8.0    +      -       -      -
    236A  PRO*     4.1     2.7    -      -       -      -
    240A  CYS*     4.0    15.7    -      -       -      -
    242A  ILE*     4.3     8.5    -      -       +      -
    244A  TYR*     3.4    14.4    +      -       -      +
     99I  GLN      6.1     1.1    -      -       -      +
    100I  ASP*     4.9     7.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 199 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    198A  ASP*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
    200A  LYS*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
    202A  CYS*     3.1     4.0    +      -       -      +
    203A  GLN*     3.0    20.1    +      -       -      +
    234A  VAL*     3.3    20.0    -      -       +      +
    235A  THR*     3.2    32.8    -      -       -      -
    236A  PRO*     3.8    13.7    -      -       +      +
    244A  TYR*     3.3    43.7    +      -       +      -
    248A  GLU*     3.7    28.3    -      -       +      +
    249A  ILE*     4.4     5.8    -      -       +      -
    252A  ALA*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 200 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    198A  ASP*     3.1    20.1    +      -       -      +
    199A  LEU*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    201A  ARG*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    203A  GLN*     3.1    10.3    +      -       -      +
    204A  TYR*     3.0    21.4    +      -       -      +
    244A  TYR*     4.8     0.4    +      -       -      -
      6D  PRO*     4.8    15.8    -      -       -      +
     71I  LYS*     5.4     8.6    -      -       -      +
    100I  ASP*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 201 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  ILE*     3.4    19.5    -      -       +      +
    155A  SER      3.3    24.7    +      -       -      -
    156A  GLU*     4.6     1.2    +      -       -      +
    157A  ARG*     5.6     0.4    -      -       -      +
    158A  THR      5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
    159A  PRO*     4.8     4.8    -      -       -      +
    197A  HIS*     3.7    23.1    -      -       +      -
    198A  ASP*     3.2    18.9    +      -       -      +
    200A  LYS*     1.3    80.6    -      -       -      +
    202A  CYS*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    204A  TYR*     3.1     8.0    +      -       -      +
    205A  VAL*     2.9    38.7    +      -       +      +
    157C  ARG*     3.8    16.2    -      -       -      +
      3D  HIS*     3.1    43.8    +      -       -      +
      4D  SER*     4.5    12.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 202 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  ILE*     4.1    17.9    -      -       -      -
    191A  ILE*     5.2     4.5    -      -       -      -
    192A  LEU      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    197A  HIS*     4.0    11.4    -      -       +      -
    198A  ASP      3.3     2.6    +      -       -      +
    199A  LEU      3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    201A  ARG*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    203A  GLN*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    205A  VAL*     3.9     0.5    -      -       -      +
    206A  THR*     2.8    41.3    +      -       -      -
    232A  ASN*     4.2     6.7    -      -       -      -
    233A  MET      4.4     1.1    -      -       -      -
    234A  VAL*     3.5    11.0    -      -       -      -
    235A  THR*     3.2    44.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 203 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    199A  LEU*     3.0    12.2    +      -       -      +
    200A  LYS*     3.4    13.0    -      -       -      +
    202A  CYS*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    204A  TYR*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
    206A  THR*     3.2     3.0    +      -       -      -
    207A  GLU*     2.6    59.8    +      -       -      +
    234A  VAL*     3.8    16.3    -      -       +      +
    252A  ALA*     3.4    36.3    -      -       +      +
    255A  THR*     3.7    15.6    -      -       -      +
    256A  ALA*     3.9     6.0    -      -       +      +
    259A  ARG*     3.2    16.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 204 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    200A  LYS      3.0    11.5    +      -       -      +
    201A  ARG*     3.3    13.2    -      -       +      +
    203A  GLN*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    205A  VAL*     1.3    67.7    +      -       +      +
    207A  GLU*     3.1    13.0    +      -       -      +
    208A  LYS*     3.0    62.9    +      -       +      +
      3D  HIS*     3.0    58.4    +      +       -      +
      4D  SER*     3.5    27.6    -      -       -      +
    221D  HIS*     3.6    16.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 205 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    154A  ILE*     3.9    25.8    -      -       +      -
    159A  PRO*     3.6    32.8    -      -       +      -
    164A  ILE*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
    191A  ILE*     3.7    16.6    -      -       +      -
    201A  ARG*     2.9    41.7    +      -       +      +
    202A  CYS      4.0     0.7    -      -       -      +
    204A  TYR*     1.3    75.8    -      -       +      +
    206A  THR*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    208A  LYS*     3.2     6.3    +      -       +      +
    209A  VAL*     2.9    25.2    +      -       +      +
      3D  HIS*     4.4     9.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 206 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    191A  ILE*     3.4    16.5    -      -       +      +
    202A  CYS*     2.8    28.0    +      -       -      -
    203A  GLN*     3.5     6.1    -      -       -      -
    205A  VAL*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    207A  GLU*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
    209A  VAL*     3.8     0.7    -      -       -      +
    210A  LEU*     2.9    45.7    +      -       +      +
    231A  PRO*     5.8     1.8    -      -       +      -
    232A  ASN*     3.3    28.4    +      -       -      +
    234A  VAL*     4.4     8.2    -      -       +      +
    256A  ALA*     4.1    15.5    -      -       +      -
    257A  LEU*     5.9     0.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 207 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    203A  GLN*     2.6    52.8    +      -       -      +
    204A  TYR*     3.1    12.0    +      -       -      +
    206A  THR*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    208A  LYS*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
    210A  LEU*     4.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    211A  ALA*     2.9    31.2    +      -       -      +
    256A  ALA*     3.7    23.8    -      -       -      +
    259A  ARG*     3.0    32.2    +      -       -      +
    260A  THR*     3.4    16.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 208 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164A  ILE*     4.7    13.7    -      -       +      +
    204A  TYR*     3.0    60.8    +      -       +      +
    205A  VAL*     3.7     7.0    -      -       +      +
    207A  GLU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
    209A  VAL*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    211A  ALA*     3.4     6.3    +      -       -      +
    212A  ALA*     3.1    22.0    +      -       -      +
      3D  HIS*     6.3     0.4    -      -       +      -
    215D  LYS*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    218D  SER*     3.0    40.4    +      -       -      +
    219D  ASP*     5.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
    221D  HIS*     3.5    18.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 209 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    152A  LEU*     3.3    36.6    -      -       +      -
    159A  PRO*     4.8     0.9    -      -       +      -
    164A  ILE*     4.4    22.0    -      -       +      -
    189A  PRO*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
    191A  ILE*     3.6    19.5    -      -       +      -
    205A  VAL*     2.9    28.4    +      -       +      +
    206A  THR      3.8     2.7    -      -       -      +
    208A  LYS*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    210A  LEU*     1.3    65.0    +      -       +      +
    212A  ALA*     3.0     5.9    +      -       -      +
    213A  VAL*     2.9    37.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 210 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189A  PRO*     4.0    17.0    -      -       +      -
    191A  ILE*     6.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
    206A  THR*     2.9    39.1    +      -       +      +
    207A  GLU*     4.0     0.7    -      -       -      +
    209A  VAL*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
    211A  ALA*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    213A  VAL*     2.9    17.2    +      -       +      +
    214A  TYR*     2.9    23.3    +      -       +      -
    229A  LEU*     3.9    33.7    -      -       +      -
    231A  PRO*     4.7     7.6    -      -       +      -
    256A  ALA      5.0     0.9    -      -       -      +
    257A  LEU*     3.8    25.4    -      -       +      -
    260A  THR*     3.5    28.7    -      -       -      +
    261A  VAL*     4.5     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 211 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    207A  GLU      2.9    19.8    +      -       -      +
    208A  LYS*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
    209A  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    210A  LEU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    212A  ALA*     1.3    60.9    +      -       -      +
    214A  TYR*     3.8     4.2    +      -       -      +
    215A  LYS*     3.3    21.1    +      -       -      +
    260A  THR*     4.1    14.9    -      -       +      +
    215D  LYS*     4.1    12.8    -      -       +      +
    218D  SER*     3.8    28.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 212 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164A  ILE*     3.5    28.9    -      -       +      +
    165A  LEU*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
    168A  ALA*     4.1     8.6    -      -       +      +
    208A  LYS      3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    209A  VAL      3.0     8.4    +      -       -      +
    211A  ALA*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    213A  VAL*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
    215A  LYS*     3.2     3.5    +      -       -      +
    216A  ALA*     3.0    23.7    +      -       -      +
    215D  LYS*     4.3    16.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 213 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    168A  ALA*     4.0    16.6    -      -       +      +
    171A  LEU*     4.2    12.6    -      -       +      -
    187A  VAL*     3.9    27.8    -      -       +      -
    189A  PRO*     4.1    17.7    -      -       +      -
    209A  VAL*     2.9    34.7    +      -       +      +
    210A  LEU*     2.9    12.3    +      -       +      +
    212A  ALA*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    214A  TYR*     1.3    66.0    +      -       +      +
    216A  ALA*     3.3     4.0    +      -       -      +
    217A  LEU*     3.0    35.3    +      -       +      +
    229A  LEU*     5.3     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 214 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187A  VAL*     5.7     1.4    -      -       +      +
    210A  LEU*     2.9    25.3    +      -       +      +
    211A  ALA*     4.5     2.9    -      -       -      +
    213A  VAL*     1.3    77.4    -      -       +      +
    215A  LYS*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
    217A  LEU*     3.2    17.6    +      -       +      +
    218A  SER*     2.9    22.3    +      -       -      -
    224A  LEU*     3.6    35.5    -      -       +      +
    227A  THR*     5.1     2.9    +      -       -      -
    228A  LEU      5.2     0.7    -      -       -      -
    229A  LEU*     3.4    40.0    -      -       +      +
    260A  THR      3.9    17.3    -      -       -      +
    261A  VAL*     3.7    21.6    -      -       +      +
    262A  PRO*     3.7    18.8    -      -       +      -
    265A  VAL*     3.5    25.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 215 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    211A  ALA      3.3    16.9    +      -       -      +
    212A  ALA*     3.2     5.7    +      -       -      +
    214A  TYR*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    216A  ALA*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
    218A  SER*     3.2     9.1    +      -       -      -
    219A  ASP*     2.9    68.0    +      -       -      +
    208D  LYS      6.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    211D  ALA*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      +
    212D  ALA*     4.2    23.6    -      -       -      +
    215D  LYS*     4.1    29.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 216 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    168A  ALA*     3.4    34.8    -      -       +      +
    169A  ASN*     4.3     4.7    -      -       -      +
    172A  ALA*     3.8     7.2    -      -       +      -
    212A  ALA      3.0    12.0    +      -       -      +
    213A  VAL      3.4     7.9    -      -       -      +
    215A  LYS*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    217A  LEU*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
    219A  ASP*     2.9    10.6    +      -       -      +
    220A  HIS*     2.9    29.4    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 217 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    172A  ALA*     3.7    23.1    -      -       -      +
    175A  ALA*     3.9     9.0    -      -       +      -
    187A  VAL*     4.4    18.4    -      -       +      -
    213A  VAL*     3.0    28.1    +      -       +      +
    214A  TYR*     3.2    39.7    +      -       +      +
    216A  ALA*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    218A  SER*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    220A  HIS      3.2     1.4    +      -       -      -
    221A  HIS      3.1     3.8    +      -       -      -
    222A  VAL*     3.0    60.1    +      -       +      +
    224A  LEU*     4.0    15.7    -      -       +      -
    227A  THR*     5.5     2.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 218 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    214A  TYR      2.9    13.3    +      -       -      -
    215A  LYS*     3.3    11.1    -      -       -      +
    216A  ALA      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    217A  LEU*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    219A  ASP*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
    221A  HIS*     2.9    12.5    +      -       -      +
    222A  VAL      5.0     3.1    -      -       -      +
    207D  GLU      5.1     0.3    +      -       -      -
    208D  LYS*     2.6    42.0    +      -       -      +
    211D  ALA*     3.6    28.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 219 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    215A  LYS*     2.9    51.2    +      -       -      +
    216A  ALA*     2.9    11.1    +      -       -      +
    218A  SER*     1.3    78.5    +      -       -      +
    220A  HIS*     1.3    63.1    +      -       +      +
    221A  HIS*     3.2    18.3    +      -       -      -
    162B  LEU*     3.6    15.9    -      -       +      +
    165B  LEU*     3.8    28.7    -      -       +      +
    208D  LYS*     4.8     2.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 220 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169A  ASN*     2.8    27.8    +      -       -      -
    172A  ALA*     3.4    29.7    -      -       +      +
    173A  ARG*     3.8    34.3    +      -       +      +
    176A  SER*     3.7    18.8    +      -       -      -
    216A  ALA*     2.9    22.8    +      -       -      +
    217A  LEU      3.2     2.7    +      -       -      +
    218A  SER      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    219A  ASP*     1.3    79.9    -      -       +      +
    221A  HIS*     1.3    75.9    +      -       -      +
    222A  VAL*     3.3     3.2    +      -       +      -
    116B  LEU*     5.7     1.8    -      -       +      +
    117B  ALA      4.2     3.6    -      -       -      +
    162B  LEU*     3.4    32.3    -      -       +      +
    165B  LEU*     3.9     5.4    -      -       +      +
    166B  GLU*     4.0    10.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il