Contacts of the helix formed by residues 136 - 157 (chain A) in PDB entry 1Z1G


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LYS 136 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131A  TYR*     3.0    23.3    +      -       +      +
    134A  GLU*     4.5    24.9    +      -       +      +
    135A  GLY*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
    138A  ALA      3.4     2.2    -      -       -      -
    139A  SER*     3.0    21.2    -      -       -      -
    140A  ALA*     3.3     2.9    +      -       -      +
      7I    G      3.0     4.6    +      -       -      -
      8I    C      2.0    83.0    +      -       -      +
      9I    T      3.2     8.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 137 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131A  TYR      4.0     1.5    +      -       -      -
    132A  ILE*     4.6    10.5    -      -       +      +
    135A  GLY*     3.0     8.8    +      -       -      +
    136A  LYS*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    138A  ALA*     1.3    71.3    +      -       -      +
    140A  ALA*     2.7    21.9    +      -       -      +
    141A  LYS      3.5     1.7    +      -       -      -
    171A  ALA*     4.5    16.6    -      -       +      +
    172A  LYS      5.3     2.2    -      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     4.7    15.9    -      -       -      -
    176A  ARG*     4.4    11.9    -      -       -      +
      9I    T      4.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 138 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    136A  LYS      3.4     0.8    -      -       -      -
    137A  ALA*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
    139A  SER*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
    141A  LYS*     2.7    27.2    +      -       +      +
    142A  LEU*     3.2     7.6    +      -       +      +
    171A  ALA      6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    173A  SER*     4.6    18.5    -      -       -      +
    176A  ARG*     5.6     0.8    -      -       -      +
      9I    T      4.0    22.1    +      -       +      +
     10I    T      4.1    24.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 139 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  LYS*     5.4     3.4    -      -       -      +
    131A  TYR*     3.9     9.3    -      -       -      -
    136A  LYS*     3.0    21.5    +      -       -      -
    137A  ALA      2.8     1.8    +      -       -      -
    138A  ALA*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
    140A  ALA*     1.3    68.4    +      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     2.6    21.2    +      -       -      +
    143A  ILE*     2.9    30.1    +      -       -      +
      8I    C      4.6    12.7    +      -       -      -
      9I    T      3.3    25.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 140 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128A  LEU*     3.5    36.6    -      -       +      +
    131A  TYR*     4.4     5.1    -      -       +      +
    132A  ILE*     4.7     4.7    -      -       +      -
    136A  LYS      3.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
    137A  ALA*     2.7    21.9    +      -       -      +
    139A  SER*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    141A  LYS*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    143A  ILE*     3.2    12.3    +      -       -      +
    144A  ARG*     2.7    26.8    +      -       -      +
    171A  ALA*     4.6    10.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 141 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    137A  ALA      3.5     1.4    +      -       -      +
    138A  ALA*     2.7    25.6    +      -       +      +
    140A  ALA*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
    144A  ARG*     3.0     8.2    -      -       -      +
    145A  SER*     2.6    36.8    +      -       -      -
    170A  ALA*     4.7    12.3    -      -       +      -
    171A  ALA*     4.4    27.0    +      -       -      +
    172A  LYS*     4.4    24.0    -      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     5.0     7.5    -      -       -      +
     15J    T      5.2     2.4    +      -       -      -
     16J    T      5.4     6.0    +      -       -      +
     17J    A      6.1     6.1    -      -       -      -
     18J    A      5.9     4.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 142 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  LYS*     3.9    28.9    -      -       +      -
    138A  ALA      4.4     7.4    -      -       -      +
    139A  SER*     2.6    13.5    +      -       -      +
    141A  LYS*     1.3    81.4    -      -       +      +
    143A  ILE*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    145A  SER*     3.4    13.9    -      -       -      +
    146A  THR*     2.2    37.9    +      -       -      +
      9I    T      5.3     4.9    -      -       +      +
     10I    T      3.9    33.0    -      -       +      +
     18J    A      4.8    13.7    -      -       +      +
     19J    A      4.4    20.0    -      -       -      +
     20J    A      4.8     5.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 143 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103A  LYS*     4.5    15.0    -      -       +      +
    106A  ALA*     4.6    16.6    -      -       +      -
    107A  ILE*     4.7    15.3    -      -       +      +
    127A  MSE      4.3    20.6    -      -       +      -
    128A  LEU*     3.9    14.4    -      -       +      -
    131A  TYR*     3.4    31.0    -      -       +      -
    139A  SER*     2.9    37.4    +      -       -      +
    140A  ALA*     3.3     9.2    -      -       -      +
    142A  LEU*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    144A  ARG*     1.3    77.0    +      -       -      +
    146A  THR*     3.3     2.6    +      -       -      -
    147A  LEU*     2.7    21.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 144 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124A  ILE*     6.5     0.9    -      -       -      -
    128A  LEU*     3.8    18.2    -      -       +      -
    140A  ALA      2.7     9.5    +      -       -      +
    141A  LYS*     3.0     9.4    -      -       -      +
    143A  ILE*     1.3    88.3    -      -       -      +
    145A  SER*     1.3    70.9    +      -       -      +
    146A  THR      2.6     0.5    +      -       -      -
    147A  LEU*     2.6    15.6    +      -       -      +
    148A  SER*     2.9    11.6    +      -       -      -
    165A  VAL*     4.0    13.4    +      -       +      +
    166A  ALA*     3.7    16.6    +      -       -      +
    168A  THR*     2.2    54.1    +      -       +      +
    169A  ARG*     4.2     1.9    -      -       -      +
    170A  ALA*     3.7    39.8    -      -       -      +
     16J    T      5.1     5.5    +      -       -      -
     17J    A      4.4    14.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 145 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  TYR*     5.5     2.9    -      -       -      -
    141A  LYS*     2.6    19.5    +      -       -      -
    142A  LEU*     3.4    21.0    -      -       -      +
    144A  ARG*     1.3    80.4    -      -       -      +
    146A  THR*     1.3    72.1    +      -       -      +
    148A  SER*     2.9    22.3    +      -       -      -
    149A  ASP*     3.0     7.1    +      -       -      +
     17J    A      5.1    13.0    -      -       -      +
     18J    A      4.6    22.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 146 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83A  TYR*     3.7    17.7    -      -       +      +
    100A  TYR*     3.3    44.1    -      -       +      +
    103A  LYS*     4.4    14.8    -      -       +      +
    104A  ILE*     6.1     1.8    -      -       +      +
    107A  ILE*     5.3     4.7    -      -       -      -
    142A  LEU*     2.2    32.8    +      -       -      +
    143A  ILE*     3.3     2.8    +      -       -      -
    144A  ARG      2.6     3.4    +      -       -      -
    145A  SER*     1.3    73.0    +      -       -      +
    147A  LEU*     1.3    71.8    +      -       -      +
    148A  SER      2.8     1.8    -      -       -      -
    149A  ASP*     2.5    16.9    +      -       +      +
    150A  ALA*     2.8    11.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 147 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76A  LEU*     6.5     0.7    -      -       +      -
     80A  LEU*     5.4     5.2    -      -       +      -
    107A  ILE*     4.5    33.1    -      -       +      +
    111A  LEU*     5.7     5.8    -      -       +      -
    124A  ILE*     3.5    40.2    -      -       +      -
    127A  MSE      5.6     5.8    -      -       +      -
    143A  ILE*     2.7    14.3    +      -       +      +
    144A  ARG*     2.6    16.1    +      -       -      +
    146A  THR*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    148A  SER*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
    150A  ALA*     3.0     9.8    +      -       +      +
    151A  PHE*     3.0    35.7    +      -       +      -
    165A  VAL*     3.7    11.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 148 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    144A  ARG*     2.9    10.3    +      -       -      -
    145A  SER*     2.9    16.2    +      -       -      -
    146A  THR      2.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    147A  LEU*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    149A  ASP*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      -
    151A  PHE*     2.9     8.3    +      -       -      +
    152A  ARG*     2.9    30.8    +      -       -      +
    163A  ASN*     4.1     9.2    +      -       -      +
    165A  VAL*     3.4    36.4    -      -       -      +
     17J    A      5.5     2.9    +      -       -      -
     18J    A      5.0     3.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 149 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83A  TYR*     2.2    33.8    +      -       -      +
     87A  LEU*     4.5     4.0    -      -       -      +
     90A  ARG*     4.9    14.7    +      -       -      -
    100A  TYR*     5.2     4.8    +      -       +      -
    145A  SER*     3.0     6.0    +      -       -      +
    146A  THR*     2.5    14.2    +      -       +      +
    148A  SER*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    150A  ALA*     1.3    66.4    +      -       -      +
    152A  ARG*     2.7    31.3    +      -       -      +
    153A  GLU*     3.1    18.1    +      -       -      +
     18J    A      4.4    19.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 150 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  TRP*     3.5    13.8    +      -       +      +
     80A  LEU*     4.7     9.0    -      -       +      -
     83A  TYR*     3.2    41.9    +      -       +      -
    107A  ILE*     6.2     0.9    -      -       +      -
    146A  THR      2.8     3.6    +      -       -      +
    147A  LEU*     3.2    19.7    -      -       +      +
    149A  ASP*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
    151A  PHE*     1.3    52.9    -      -       +      +
    153A  GLU*     3.4     3.1    +      -       -      +
    154A  ALA*     2.8    34.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 151 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76A  LEU*     6.0     3.6    -      -       +      -
     79A  TRP*     6.1     1.1    -      +       -      -
    116A  LEU*     5.3     4.3    -      -       +      -
    119A  ILE*     3.9    28.9    -      -       +      -
    124A  ILE*     4.6    13.9    -      -       +      -
    147A  LEU*     3.0    42.0    +      -       +      +
    148A  SER*     2.9    10.7    +      -       -      +
    149A  ASP      2.9     0.6    +      -       -      -
    150A  ALA*     1.3    76.0    -      -       +      +
    152A  ARG*     1.3    72.5    +      -       -      +
    154A  ALA*     2.6    19.2    +      -       +      +
    155A  ILE*     2.8    13.3    +      -       +      +
    160A  ILE*     4.3    19.7    -      -       +      -
    162A  THR      4.3     3.6    -      -       -      -
    163A  ASN*     3.9    17.5    -      -       +      -
    164A  HIS*     3.7    33.0    -      +       +      -
    165A  VAL*     4.5     3.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 152 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    148A  SER*     2.9    20.4    +      -       -      +
    149A  ASP*     2.7    28.5    +      -       -      +
    151A  PHE*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    153A  GLU*     1.3    57.2    +      -       +      +
    155A  ILE*     2.5    43.0    +      -       +      +
    156A  ALA*     2.7    11.2    +      -       +      +
    163A  ASN*     5.2    13.3    -      -       -      +
    166A  ALA*     6.2     2.0    -      -       -      +
    169D  ARG*     6.0     8.3    -      -       +      -
     17J    A      4.9    13.1    +      -       -      -
     18J    A      4.5    19.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 153 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  TRP*     3.8    10.8    -      -       +      -
     83A  TYR*     4.8     8.0    -      -       +      -
     86A  ILE*     4.1    20.4    -      -       +      +
     90A  ARG*     3.8    20.3    +      -       -      -
    149A  ASP*     3.1    23.0    +      -       -      +
    150A  ALA*     3.6     8.5    -      -       -      +
    151A  PHE      2.8     0.8    +      -       -      -
    152A  ARG*     1.3    84.0    -      -       +      +
    154A  ALA*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    156A  ALA*     2.7    23.9    +      -       -      +
    157A  GLU*     2.9    20.3    +      -       +      +
    169D  ARG*     3.2    43.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 154 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  TRP*     3.1    34.2    -      -       +      +
    116A  LEU*     5.2     2.7    -      -       +      -
    150A  ALA      2.8    15.6    +      -       -      +
    151A  PHE*     2.6    22.1    +      -       +      +
    153A  GLU*     1.3    72.6    -      -       -      +
    155A  ILE*     1.3    53.8    +      -       -      +
    157A  GLU*     3.1     4.9    +      -       -      +
    158A  GLY      3.0    19.8    +      -       -      -
    159A  HIS*     3.1    17.4    +      -       +      +
    160A  ILE*     4.2    18.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 155 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    151A  PHE*     2.8    13.9    +      -       +      +
    152A  ARG*     2.5    21.8    +      -       -      +
    154A  ALA*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
    156A  ALA*     1.3    54.7    +      -       -      +
    157A  GLU      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
    158A  GLY*     2.8    21.7    +      -       -      -
    160A  ILE*     4.0    30.8    -      -       +      +
    161A  THR*     3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
    162A  THR*     3.7    13.7    -      -       -      +
    163A  ASN*     3.7    34.3    -      -       +      +
    121D  THR*     4.0     8.1    -      -       -      +
    167D  ALA*     5.0    15.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 156 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    152A  ARG*     2.7     8.8    +      -       +      +
    153A  GLU*     2.7    28.5    +      -       +      +
    155A  ILE*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    157A  GLU*     1.3    62.3    +      -       +      +
    158A  GLY      3.4     0.8    +      -       -      -
    121D  THR*     4.1    11.2    -      -       -      +
    125D  ALA*     3.8    14.2    -      -       -      +
    167D  ALA      4.4    19.5    -      -       -      +
    168D  THR*     4.7    14.8    -      -       -      +
    169D  ARG*     4.7    13.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 157 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  TRP*     3.8    21.7    -      -       +      -
     82A  ARG*     3.5    27.3    +      -       -      -
     86A  ILE*     4.2    10.5    -      -       -      +
    153A  GLU*     2.9    15.6    +      -       -      +
    154A  ALA      3.3     5.2    -      -       -      +
    156A  ALA*     1.3    85.0    -      -       +      +
    158A  GLY*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    159A  HIS*     3.4    17.9    +      -       +      +
    122D  LYS*     3.7    25.2    -      -       +      +
    125D  ALA*     4.5    14.4    -      -       +      -
    129D  ASN*     2.9    28.1    +      -       -      +
    169D  ARG*     4.2     9.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il