Contacts of the helix formed by residues 222 - 243 (chain B) in PDB entry 2AAZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 222 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69B  LYS*     4.5     4.3    +      -       -      +
    219B  ASP*     3.1    13.1    +      -       -      +
    221B  GLY*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
    223B  GLY*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    225B  PRO*     3.6     7.8    -      -       -      +
    226B  PHE*     3.9    17.5    -      -       -      -
    262B  HIS*     3.7    13.5    -      -       +      -
    313B  MET*     3.6    30.1    -      -       +      +
    314B  LYS      3.7     5.8    -      -       -      +
    315B  MET*     3.6    40.6    -      -       +      -
   2401B  CB3      3.4    61.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 223 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219B  ASP*     2.9    14.0    +      -       -      +
    222B  LEU*     1.3    70.0    -      -       -      +
    224B  VAL*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      -
    225B  PRO      3.2     2.7    -      -       -      -
    226B  PHE      2.8    13.7    +      -       -      -
    227B  ASN*     2.9    18.8    +      -       -      +
    400B  UMP      3.7     4.5    -      -       -      -
   2401B  CB3      3.1    39.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 224 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23B  TYR*     3.9    15.5    -      -       +      -
    215B  GLN*     4.4     6.7    -      -       -      +
    218B  CYS*     3.8    26.5    -      -       +      -
    219B  ASP      3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
    220B  LEU*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      +
    223B  GLY*     1.3    70.7    -      -       -      -
    225B  PRO*     1.4    71.4    -      -       +      +
    227B  ASN*     3.6     6.9    +      -       -      -
    228B  ILE*     2.9    54.0    +      -       +      +
    251B  LEU*     4.6     2.7    -      -       +      -
    253B  MET*     4.2    19.5    -      -       +      -
    400B  UMP      4.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 225 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23B  TYR*     3.6    18.6    -      -       -      +
     64B  PRO      5.4     0.5    -      -       -      +
     65B  LEU*     5.4     0.3    -      -       -      +
     66B  LEU*     3.8    33.6    +      -       +      +
     69B  LYS*     4.0    18.4    -      -       -      +
     71B  VAL*     4.5    15.8    -      -       +      +
    220B  LEU      3.3    14.4    -      -       -      +
    221B  GLY      3.6     9.2    -      -       -      +
    222B  LEU      3.6     9.6    -      -       -      +
    223B  GLY      3.4     4.5    -      -       -      -
    224B  VAL*     1.4    92.2    -      -       +      +
    226B  PHE*     1.3    61.9    +      -       +      +
    228B  ILE*     4.0     3.4    -      -       +      +
    229B  ALA*     3.4    21.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 226 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69B  LYS*     6.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
     71B  VAL*     4.3    14.4    -      -       +      -
     72B  PHE*     3.9    28.3    -      +       +      -
     75B  GLY      3.9     6.5    -      -       -      -
     76B  VAL*     3.5    43.1    -      -       +      +
     79B  GLU*     4.2     6.7    -      -       -      +
    100B  ILE*     4.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
    222B  LEU      3.9     6.3    -      -       -      -
    223B  GLY      2.8     8.7    +      -       -      +
    225B  PRO*     1.3    81.0    -      -       +      +
    227B  ASN*     1.3    55.7    +      -       -      +
    229B  ALA*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
    230B  SER*     2.8    38.1    +      -       -      -
   2401B  CB3      3.6    73.4    -      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 227 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188B  HIS*     3.4    22.2    +      -       -      +
    213B  MET*     4.0     9.2    -      -       +      -
    215B  GLN*     2.9    40.1    +      -       -      +
    223B  GLY      2.9    21.4    +      -       -      +
    224B  VAL*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
    226B  PHE*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    228B  ILE*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    230B  SER*     4.2     5.2    -      -       -      -
    231B  TYR*     3.1    31.5    +      -       -      +
    249B  PHE*     4.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
    251B  LEU*     5.0     2.7    -      -       +      -
    400B  UMP      3.0    29.0    +      -       -      -
   2401B  CB3      3.6     4.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 228 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23B  TYR*     4.6     4.3    -      -       +      -
     54B  PHE*     4.2     9.9    -      -       +      -
     56B  PHE*     3.8    39.9    -      -       +      -
     64B  PRO*     3.6    28.9    -      -       +      +
     66B  LEU*     4.6    15.3    -      -       +      -
    224B  VAL*     2.9    38.0    +      -       +      +
    225B  PRO*     4.0     4.3    -      -       +      +
    227B  ASN*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    229B  ALA*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
    232B  ALA*     3.1    22.5    +      -       -      +
    249B  PHE*     3.8    12.6    -      -       +      -
    251B  LEU*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 229 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63B  LEU*     4.6     7.2    -      -       +      -
     64B  PRO      4.4     9.9    -      -       -      +
     65B  LEU*     3.8    28.5    -      -       +      -
     73B  LEU*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
     76B  VAL*     4.0    15.7    -      -       +      -
    225B  PRO      3.4    13.7    +      -       -      +
    226B  PHE      3.3     3.4    +      -       -      +
    228B  ILE*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    230B  SER*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    232B  ALA*     3.3     6.9    +      -       -      +
    233B  LEU*     2.9    37.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 230 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76B  VAL*     3.6    14.0    -      -       -      +
     79B  GLU*     4.7     7.9    +      -       -      -
     80B  LEU*     3.6    25.1    -      -       -      +
     83B  PHE*     4.4    13.2    -      -       -      -
    188B  HIS*     6.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
    226B  PHE      2.8    24.7    +      -       -      -
    227B  ASN*     3.7     7.9    -      -       -      -
    229B  ALA*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
    231B  TYR*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
    233B  LEU*     3.2     6.2    +      -       -      +
    234B  LEU*     2.8    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 231 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83B  PHE*     6.1     0.2    -      +       -      -
    131B  TRP*     3.5    21.0    +      +       -      -
    171B  LEU      5.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
    188B  HIS*     2.6    53.2    +      +       +      +
    190B  PHE*     5.2     3.6    +      -       -      -
    191B  CYS*     3.7    24.1    -      -       +      +
    211B  CYS*     4.1    13.5    -      -       -      -
    213B  MET*     3.7    31.7    -      -       +      +
    227B  ASN*     3.1    17.9    +      -       -      +
    230B  SER*     1.3    85.1    -      -       -      +
    232B  ALA*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    234B  LEU*     3.7    20.3    -      -       +      +
    235B  THR*     2.8    30.3    +      -       -      -
    249B  PHE*     3.5    27.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 232 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58B  LEU*     3.9    17.1    -      -       +      +
     63B  LEU*     3.9     6.5    -      -       +      -
     64B  PRO*     3.6    33.7    -      -       +      -
    228B  ILE      3.1    19.0    +      -       -      +
    229B  ALA      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
    231B  TYR*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    233B  LEU*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
    235B  THR*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      -
    236B  HIS*     3.0    29.8    +      -       +      -
    249B  PHE*     4.7     6.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 233 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63B  LEU*     3.8    26.7    -      -       +      -
     73B  LEU*     4.7     8.7    -      -       +      -
     76B  VAL*     3.9    22.9    -      -       +      -
     77B  ILE*     4.0    21.8    -      -       +      +
     80B  LEU*     3.6    16.4    -      -       +      -
    229B  ALA*     2.9    25.3    +      -       +      +
    230B  SER*     3.5     4.3    -      -       -      +
    232B  ALA*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    234B  LEU*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
    236B  HIS*     3.1     5.8    +      -       -      +
    237B  MET*     2.9    27.4    +      -       -      +
    280B  LEU*     4.0    17.9    -      -       +      -
    300B  PHE*     3.9    24.9    -      -       +      -
    302B  VAL*     5.6     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 234 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80B  LEU*     3.7    21.5    -      -       +      +
     84B  VAL*     4.6    14.6    -      -       +      -
    131B  TRP*     4.0    16.8    -      -       +      -
    153B  LEU*     4.7     8.5    -      -       +      -
    171B  LEU*     3.9    25.4    -      -       +      -
    193B  PHE*     4.3     8.5    -      -       +      -
    230B  SER      2.8    16.2    +      -       -      +
    231B  TYR*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      +
    232B  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    233B  LEU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    235B  THR*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    237B  MET*     3.2    10.9    +      -       +      +
    238B  ILE*     2.9    53.1    +      -       +      +
    292B  ILE*     5.0     2.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 235 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58B  LEU*     3.8    24.4    -      -       +      +
    193B  PHE*     4.0     9.3    -      -       +      -
    209B  LEU*     3.7    33.8    -      -       +      +
    210B  SER      4.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
    211B  CYS*     3.3    30.9    -      -       +      +
    231B  TYR      2.8    18.7    +      -       -      -
    232B  ALA      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      -
    233B  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    234B  LEU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    236B  HIS*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    238B  ILE*     3.5     1.1    +      -       -      -
    239B  ALA*     2.9    30.5    +      -       -      +
    246B  PRO*     4.6     5.2    -      -       +      -
    249B  PHE*     5.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 236 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58B  LEU*     3.7    19.7    -      -       +      +
     61B  ASN*     4.2    16.5    +      -       -      -
     62B  THR      3.0    28.3    +      -       -      -
     63B  LEU*     4.6     4.9    -      -       +      -
    232B  ALA*     3.0    33.1    +      -       +      -
    233B  LEU*     3.5     7.6    -      -       -      +
    235B  THR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    237B  MET*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    239B  ALA*     3.3     7.5    +      -       -      +
    240B  LEU*     3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
    246B  PRO*     3.6    28.2    -      -       +      +
    280B  LEU*     3.5    34.4    -      -       +      +
    282B  TRP*     3.8    12.8    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 237 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80B  LEU*     3.6    32.8    -      -       -      -
     81B  LEU*     3.7    17.7    -      -       +      -
     84B  VAL*     4.3    13.2    -      -       +      -
    233B  LEU      2.9    13.6    +      -       -      +
    234B  LEU*     3.4    11.0    -      -       +      +
    236B  HIS*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    238B  ILE*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    240B  LEU*     3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
    241B  ILE*     3.2    16.6    +      -       -      +
    282B  TRP*     3.8    19.5    -      -       +      -
    292B  ILE*     4.1    20.0    -      -       +      +
    295B  PHE*     3.6    42.3    -      -       +      -
    300B  PHE*     3.8    10.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 238 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153B  LEU*     4.3    11.9    -      -       +      -
    156B  VAL*     4.6     4.0    -      -       +      -
    157B  ILE*     3.6    26.2    -      -       +      -
    160B  ILE*     3.6    29.8    -      -       +      -
    193B  PHE*     3.4    38.4    -      -       +      -
    209B  LEU*     3.8     9.9    -      -       +      -
    234B  LEU*     2.9    35.6    +      -       +      +
    235B  THR      3.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
    237B  MET*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    239B  ALA*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
    241B  ILE*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
    242B  THR*     2.7    35.9    +      -       +      +
    292B  ILE*     4.2     8.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 239 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    209B  LEU*     4.0     5.4    -      -       +      -
    235B  THR      2.9    18.4    +      -       -      +
    236B  HIS      3.4     6.7    -      -       -      +
    237B  MET      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    238B  ILE*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    240B  LEU*     1.3    61.2    -      -       -      +
    242B  THR      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    243B  ASP*     3.0     5.5    +      -       -      -
    244B  THR*     3.0    56.1    +      -       -      +
    246B  PRO*     3.6    24.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 240 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    236B  HIS      3.1    12.0    +      -       -      +
    237B  MET      3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    239B  ALA*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
    241B  ILE*     1.3    64.0    +      -       +      +
    242B  THR      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    243B  ASP*     3.5     8.2    +      -       -      +
    282B  TRP*     3.6    39.9    -      -       +      +
    284B  ARG      5.8     0.4    -      -       -      +
    285B  SER*     5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    286B  LYS*     3.6    44.5    -      -       +      +
    289B  ILE*     3.6    32.3    -      -       +      -
    295B  PHE*     3.9     9.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 241 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157B  ILE*     4.0    27.4    -      -       +      -
    161B  LYS*     4.1    13.6    +      -       +      +
    237B  MET      3.2    13.7    +      -       -      +
    238B  ILE      3.9     6.3    -      -       -      +
    240B  LEU*     1.3    81.0    -      -       +      +
    242B  THR*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    243B  ASP      3.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    286B  LYS*     3.7    24.3    +      -       +      +
    289B  ILE*     4.3     6.5    -      -       +      -
    290B  GLY      4.1    10.1    -      -       -      +
    291B  ASP*     3.6    38.6    -      -       +      +
    292B  ILE*     3.9    14.1    -      -       +      +
    295B  PHE*     3.7    22.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 242 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157B  ILE*     3.8    35.4    -      -       +      +
    160B  ILE*     3.7    22.8    -      -       +      +
    161B  LYS*     3.8    20.4    -      -       +      +
    238B  ILE*     2.7    33.7    +      -       +      +
    239B  ALA      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    241B  ILE*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    243B  ASP*     1.3    70.9    +      -       -      +
    244B  THR*     2.8    31.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 243 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    161B  LYS*     6.2     0.3    -      -       -      -
    206B  LYS*     3.9    30.1    +      -       +      +
    207B  PRO*     3.9     6.9    -      -       -      +
    239B  ALA      3.0     6.5    +      -       -      -
    240B  LEU      3.5     2.9    +      -       -      +
    241B  ILE      3.4     0.8    -      -       -      -
    242B  THR*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
    244B  THR*     1.3    61.2    +      -       -      +
    286B  LYS*     2.7    43.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il