Contacts of the helix formed by residues 222 - 243 (chain M) in PDB entry 2AAZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 222 (chain M).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69M  LYS*     4.5     9.9    +      -       -      +
    219M  ASP*     3.2    13.4    +      -       -      +
    221M  GLY*     1.3    81.5    -      -       -      +
    223M  GLY*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    225M  PRO*     3.6     8.4    -      -       -      +
    226M  PHE*     3.8    18.5    -      -       -      -
    262M  HIS*     3.8    13.5    -      -       +      -
    311M  ILE      5.6     1.1    -      -       -      +
    313M  MET*     3.6    34.5    -      -       +      +
    314M  LYS      3.8     5.4    -      -       -      +
    315M  MET*     3.6    42.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 223 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219M  ASP*     2.8    20.2    +      -       -      +
    222M  LEU*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
    224M  VAL*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      -
    226M  PHE*     2.8    19.5    +      -       -      +
    227M  ASN*     2.9    22.2    +      -       -      +
    550M  UMP      4.1    14.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 224 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23M  TYR*     3.9    15.5    -      -       +      -
     54M  PHE*     4.7     0.2    -      -       +      -
    215M  GLN*     4.5     4.9    -      -       -      +
    218M  CYS*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      -
    219M  ASP      3.0     5.0    +      -       -      +
    220M  LEU*     3.5    33.9    -      -       +      +
    223M  GLY*     1.3    69.9    -      -       -      -
    225M  PRO*     1.3    70.0    -      -       +      +
    227M  ASN*     3.6     8.6    +      -       -      -
    228M  ILE*     2.9    48.2    +      -       +      +
    251M  LEU*     4.5     3.4    -      -       +      -
    253M  MET*     4.2    18.4    -      -       +      -
    550M  UMP      4.6     0.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 225 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23M  TYR*     3.6    19.1    -      -       +      +
     64M  PRO      5.4     0.7    -      -       -      +
     65M  LEU*     5.4     0.7    -      -       -      +
     66M  LEU*     3.7    33.1    +      -       +      +
     69M  LYS*     4.0    17.9    -      -       -      +
     71M  VAL*     4.6    13.7    -      -       +      +
    220M  LEU      3.3    14.8    -      -       -      +
    221M  GLY      3.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    222M  LEU      3.6    10.1    -      -       -      +
    223M  GLY      3.3     5.2    -      -       -      -
    224M  VAL*     1.3    89.9    -      -       +      +
    226M  PHE*     1.3    64.9    +      -       +      +
    228M  ILE*     4.1     3.3    -      -       +      +
    229M  ALA*     3.5    20.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 226 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69M  LYS*     6.6     0.4    -      -       -      -
     71M  VAL*     4.3    16.4    -      -       +      -
     72M  PHE*     3.8    29.6    -      +       +      -
     75M  GLY      3.9     5.8    -      -       -      -
     76M  VAL*     3.5    39.6    -      -       +      +
     79M  GLU*     4.2    17.0    -      -       -      +
    100M  ILE*     4.1    29.6    -      -       +      -
    222M  LEU      3.8    15.0    -      -       -      +
    223M  GLY*     2.8    11.1    +      -       -      +
    225M  PRO*     1.3    81.1    -      -       +      +
    227M  ASN*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    229M  ALA*     3.3     2.3    +      -       -      +
    230M  SER*     2.7    38.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 227 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79M  GLU*     6.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
    188M  HIS*     3.4    20.0    +      -       -      -
    213M  MET*     4.1     8.3    -      -       +      -
    215M  GLN*     2.9    40.6    +      -       -      +
    223M  GLY      2.9    19.6    +      -       -      +
    224M  VAL*     3.6     7.6    +      -       -      +
    226M  PHE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    228M  ILE*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    230M  SER*     4.3     5.4    -      -       -      -
    231M  TYR*     3.1    30.9    +      -       -      +
    249M  PHE*     4.5     0.9    -      -       -      -
    251M  LEU*     5.0     2.5    -      -       +      -
    550M  UMP      2.9    31.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 228 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23M  TYR*     4.7     7.6    -      -       +      -
     54M  PHE*     4.3     9.4    -      -       +      -
     56M  PHE*     3.7    43.7    -      -       +      -
     64M  PRO*     3.6    25.1    -      -       +      +
     66M  LEU*     4.7    11.7    -      -       +      -
    224M  VAL*     2.9    37.1    +      -       +      +
    225M  PRO*     4.1     4.0    -      -       +      +
    227M  ASN*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    229M  ALA*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    232M  ALA*     3.2    22.7    +      -       -      +
    249M  PHE*     3.8    11.7    -      -       +      -
    251M  LEU*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 229 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63M  LEU*     4.7     7.2    -      -       +      -
     64M  PRO      4.4     9.9    -      -       -      +
     65M  LEU*     3.9    26.7    -      -       +      -
     73M  LEU*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
     76M  VAL*     4.0    14.8    -      -       +      -
    225M  PRO      3.5    14.0    +      -       -      +
    226M  PHE      3.3     3.0    +      -       -      +
    228M  ILE*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    230M  SER*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    232M  ALA*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
    233M  LEU*     2.9    39.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 230 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76M  VAL*     3.7    15.2    -      -       -      +
     79M  GLU*     4.8     7.3    +      -       -      -
     80M  LEU*     3.6    25.2    -      -       -      +
     83M  PHE*     4.5    12.9    -      -       -      -
    131M  TRP*     6.0     0.3    -      -       -      -
    226M  PHE      2.7    24.4    +      -       -      -
    227M  ASN*     3.7     7.9    -      -       -      -
    229M  ALA*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
    231M  TYR*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    233M  LEU*     3.1     7.2    +      -       -      +
    234M  LEU*     2.8    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 231 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131M  TRP*     3.4    20.6    +      +       -      -
    171M  LEU      5.6     0.5    +      -       -      -
    188M  HIS*     2.6    53.0    +      +       +      +
    190M  PHE*     5.1     4.0    +      -       -      -
    191M  CYS*     3.7    29.1    -      -       +      +
    211M  CYS*     4.3     6.5    -      -       -      -
    213M  MET*     3.7    32.5    -      -       +      +
    227M  ASN*     3.1    16.6    +      -       -      +
    230M  SER*     1.3    83.3    -      -       -      +
    232M  ALA*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    234M  LEU*     3.7    22.8    -      -       +      +
    235M  THR*     2.8    30.0    +      -       -      -
    249M  PHE*     3.5    26.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 232 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58M  LEU*     3.9    16.7    -      -       +      +
     63M  LEU*     4.0     5.2    -      -       +      -
     64M  PRO*     3.6    33.7    -      -       +      -
    228M  ILE      3.2    21.0    +      -       -      +
    229M  ALA      3.6     4.7    -      -       -      +
    231M  TYR*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    233M  LEU*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    235M  THR*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      -
    236M  HIS*     3.0    30.0    +      -       -      -
    249M  PHE*     4.8     6.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 233 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63M  LEU*     3.6    31.4    -      -       +      -
     73M  LEU*     4.7     8.5    -      -       +      -
     76M  VAL*     3.9    22.7    -      -       +      -
     77M  ILE*     4.1    21.3    -      -       +      +
     80M  LEU*     3.6    16.2    -      -       +      -
    229M  ALA*     2.9    25.6    +      -       +      +
    230M  SER      3.1     4.2    +      -       -      +
    232M  ALA*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    234M  LEU*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    236M  HIS*     3.1     5.5    +      -       -      +
    237M  MET*     2.9    32.4    +      -       -      +
    280M  LEU*     4.0    15.3    -      -       +      -
    300M  PHE*     4.0    23.0    -      -       +      -
    302M  VAL*     5.6     0.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 234 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80M  LEU*     3.7    21.9    -      -       +      +
     84M  VAL*     4.6    11.0    -      -       +      -
    131M  TRP*     4.0    17.0    -      -       +      -
    153M  LEU*     4.6     9.0    -      -       +      -
    171M  LEU*     4.0    26.0    -      -       +      -
    193M  PHE*     4.3     8.7    -      -       +      -
    211M  CYS*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    230M  SER      2.8    15.6    +      -       -      +
    231M  TYR*     3.7    23.8    -      -       +      +
    233M  LEU*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    235M  THR*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
    237M  MET*     3.2    13.1    +      -       +      +
    238M  ILE*     2.9    53.0    +      -       +      +
    292M  ILE*     4.9     2.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 235 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58M  LEU*     3.7    24.7    -      -       +      +
    193M  PHE*     4.0     8.8    -      -       +      -
    209M  LEU*     3.7    33.4    -      -       +      +
    210M  SER      4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    211M  CYS*     3.3    29.6    -      -       +      +
    231M  TYR      2.8    21.7    +      -       -      -
    232M  ALA*     3.5     5.6    -      -       -      -
    233M  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    234M  LEU*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    236M  HIS*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    238M  ILE*     3.5     1.5    +      -       -      -
    239M  ALA*     2.9    28.4    +      -       -      +
    246M  PRO*     4.5     5.4    -      -       +      -
    249M  PHE*     5.0     0.5    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 236 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58M  LEU*     3.6    27.4    -      -       +      +
     61M  ASN*     4.2    16.3    +      -       -      -
     62M  THR      3.0    28.5    +      -       -      -
     63M  LEU*     4.6     7.7    -      -       +      -
    232M  ALA      3.0    31.3    +      -       -      -
    233M  LEU*     3.1     8.5    +      -       -      +
    235M  THR*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    237M  MET*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    239M  ALA*     3.3     7.6    +      -       -      +
    240M  LEU*     3.1    18.5    +      -       -      +
    246M  PRO*     3.6    20.2    -      -       +      +
    280M  LEU*     3.5    33.3    -      -       +      +
    282M  TRP*     3.7    13.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 237 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80M  LEU*     3.6    32.1    -      -       -      -
     81M  LEU*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      -
     84M  VAL*     4.3    10.5    -      -       +      -
    233M  LEU      2.9    14.7    +      -       -      +
    234M  LEU*     3.2    12.5    +      -       -      +
    236M  HIS*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    238M  ILE*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    240M  LEU*     3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
    241M  ILE*     3.2    16.8    +      -       -      +
    282M  TRP*     3.8    19.7    -      -       +      -
    292M  ILE*     4.1    23.1    -      -       +      +
    295M  PHE*     3.6    41.3    -      -       +      -
    300M  PHE*     3.8    11.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 238 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153M  LEU*     4.3    12.6    -      -       +      -
    156M  VAL*     4.5     4.9    -      -       +      -
    157M  ILE*     3.5    28.0    -      -       +      -
    160M  ILE*     3.6    27.6    -      -       +      -
    193M  PHE*     3.4    37.5    -      -       +      -
    209M  LEU*     3.9     8.3    -      -       +      -
    234M  LEU*     2.9    35.1    +      -       +      +
    235M  THR      3.9     3.4    -      -       -      +
    237M  MET*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    239M  ALA*     1.3    55.4    -      -       -      +
    241M  ILE*     3.3     1.9    +      -       -      +
    242M  THR*     2.7    35.4    +      -       +      +
    292M  ILE*     4.2     7.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 239 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    209M  LEU*     3.8     5.1    -      -       +      +
    235M  THR      2.9    19.2    +      -       -      +
    236M  HIS      3.5     5.8    -      -       -      +
    237M  MET      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    238M  ILE*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    240M  LEU*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    243M  ASP*     3.0     5.5    +      -       -      -
    244M  THR*     2.9    56.3    +      -       -      +
    246M  PRO*     3.6    24.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 240 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    236M  HIS      3.1    12.3    +      -       -      +
    237M  MET      3.5     8.5    -      -       -      +
    239M  ALA*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    241M  ILE*     1.3    63.8    +      -       +      +
    243M  ASP*     3.6     6.2    +      -       -      +
    282M  TRP*     3.6    40.6    -      -       +      +
    284M  ARG      5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
    285M  SER*     5.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    286M  LYS*     3.5    45.8    -      -       +      +
    289M  ILE*     3.6    30.5    -      -       +      -
    295M  PHE*     3.9     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 241 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157M  ILE*     4.0    26.9    -      -       +      -
    161M  LYS*     4.0    13.4    +      -       +      +
    237M  MET      3.2    14.9    +      -       -      +
    238M  ILE      3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
    240M  LEU*     1.3    82.4    -      -       +      +
    242M  THR*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    286M  LYS*     3.6    23.8    +      -       +      +
    289M  ILE*     4.3     5.4    -      -       +      -
    290M  GLY      4.0    10.8    -      -       -      +
    291M  ASP*     3.6    37.7    -      -       +      +
    292M  ILE*     3.9    13.0    -      -       +      +
    295M  PHE*     3.7    23.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 242 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157M  ILE*     3.7    25.6    -      -       +      +
    160M  ILE*     3.6    21.8    -      -       +      +
    161M  LYS*     3.7    31.5    -      -       +      +
    238M  ILE*     2.7    32.6    +      -       +      +
    239M  ALA      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    241M  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    243M  ASP*     1.3    69.2    +      -       -      +
    244M  THR*     2.8    32.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 243 (chain M). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    206M  LYS*     3.9    28.5    +      -       +      +
    207M  PRO*     3.9     7.1    -      -       -      +
    239M  ALA      3.0     6.0    +      -       -      -
    240M  LEU      3.6     3.1    +      -       -      +
    241M  ILE      3.4     1.0    -      -       -      -
    242M  THR*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
    244M  THR*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    286M  LYS*     2.7    44.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il