Contacts of the helix formed by residues 222 - 243 (chain O) in PDB entry 2AAZ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 222 (chain O).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69O  LYS*     4.5    10.9    +      -       -      +
    219O  ASP*     3.2    13.4    +      -       -      +
    221O  GLY*     1.3    79.8    -      -       -      +
    223O  GLY*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
    225O  PRO*     3.5     8.2    -      -       -      +
    226O  PHE*     3.8    18.7    -      -       -      -
    262O  HIS*     3.8    13.2    -      -       +      -
    311O  ILE      5.6     1.1    -      -       -      +
    313O  MET*     3.5    38.4    -      -       +      +
    314O  LYS      3.7     5.4    -      -       -      +
    315O  MET*     3.6    38.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 223 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219O  ASP*     2.8    18.8    +      -       -      +
    222O  LEU*     1.3    70.8    -      -       -      +
    224O  VAL*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      -
    225O  PRO      3.2     2.2    -      -       -      -
    226O  PHE*     2.8    19.3    +      -       -      +
    227O  ASN*     3.0    19.8    +      -       -      +
    650O  UMP      3.7    19.5    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 224 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23O  TYR*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      -
     54O  PHE*     4.7     0.2    -      -       +      -
    215O  GLN*     4.5     4.7    -      -       -      +
    218O  CYS*     3.8    21.8    -      -       +      -
    219O  ASP      3.0     4.8    +      -       -      +
    220O  LEU*     3.5    35.4    -      -       +      +
    223O  GLY*     1.3    70.0    -      -       -      -
    225O  PRO*     1.3    70.7    -      -       +      +
    227O  ASN*     3.7     8.2    +      -       -      -
    228O  ILE*     2.9    48.4    +      -       +      +
    251O  LEU*     4.5     2.9    -      -       +      -
    253O  MET*     4.2    18.4    -      -       +      -
    650O  UMP      4.4     0.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 225 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23O  TYR*     3.6    18.8    -      -       +      +
     65O  LEU*     5.4     0.7    -      -       -      +
     66O  LEU*     3.8    33.1    +      -       +      +
     69O  LYS*     3.9    17.5    -      -       -      +
     71O  VAL*     4.5    13.3    -      -       +      +
    220O  LEU      3.3    13.9    -      -       -      +
    221O  GLY      3.6    10.5    -      -       -      +
    222O  LEU      3.5    10.1    -      -       -      +
    223O  GLY      3.3     5.2    -      -       -      -
    224O  VAL*     1.3    91.3    -      -       +      +
    226O  PHE*     1.3    64.7    +      -       +      +
    228O  ILE*     4.1     3.3    -      -       +      +
    229O  ALA*     3.4    20.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 226 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69O  LYS*     6.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
     71O  VAL*     4.3    16.6    -      -       +      -
     72O  PHE*     3.9    29.4    -      +       +      -
     75O  GLY      4.0     4.9    -      -       -      -
     76O  VAL*     3.5    39.6    -      -       +      +
     79O  GLU*     4.2    16.6    -      -       -      +
    100O  ILE*     4.0    30.7    -      -       +      -
    222O  LEU      3.8    15.0    -      -       -      +
    223O  GLY*     2.8    10.7    +      -       -      +
    225O  PRO*     1.3    80.7    -      -       +      +
    227O  ASN*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
    229O  ALA*     3.3     2.6    +      -       -      +
    230O  SER*     2.7    38.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 227 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188O  HIS*     3.4    19.6    +      -       -      -
    213O  MET*     4.0     9.9    -      -       +      -
    215O  GLN*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
    223O  GLY      3.0    18.8    +      -       -      +
    224O  VAL*     3.7     7.1    +      -       -      +
    226O  PHE*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    228O  ILE*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    230O  SER*     4.2     5.6    -      -       -      -
    231O  TYR*     3.1    31.9    +      -       -      +
    249O  PHE*     4.5     0.6    -      -       -      -
    251O  LEU*     5.0     2.2    -      -       +      -
    650O  UMP      2.8    44.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 228 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23O  TYR*     4.7     7.4    -      -       +      -
     54O  PHE*     4.3     9.0    -      -       +      -
     56O  PHE*     3.8    39.5    -      -       +      -
     64O  PRO*     3.6    28.5    -      -       +      +
     66O  LEU*     4.7    11.7    -      -       +      -
    224O  VAL*     2.9    37.6    +      -       +      +
    225O  PRO*     4.1     4.0    -      -       +      +
    227O  ASN*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    229O  ALA*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    232O  ALA*     3.1    22.7    +      -       -      +
    249O  PHE*     3.8    13.0    -      -       +      -
    251O  LEU*     3.7    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 229 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63O  LEU*     4.7     7.2    -      -       +      -
     64O  PRO      4.3     9.9    -      -       -      +
     65O  LEU*     3.9    27.1    -      -       +      -
     73O  LEU*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
     76O  VAL*     4.0    16.4    -      -       +      -
    225O  PRO      3.4    14.0    +      -       -      +
    226O  PHE      3.3     3.0    +      -       -      +
    228O  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    230O  SER*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    232O  ALA*     3.6     6.0    -      -       -      +
    233O  LEU*     2.9    37.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 230 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76O  VAL*     3.6    15.3    -      -       -      +
     79O  GLU*     4.7     7.3    +      -       -      -
     80O  LEU*     3.6    26.8    -      -       -      +
     83O  PHE*     4.5    13.4    -      -       -      -
    131O  TRP*     6.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    226O  PHE      2.7    24.6    +      -       -      -
    227O  ASN*     3.6     7.9    -      -       -      -
    229O  ALA*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
    231O  TYR*     1.3    66.7    +      -       -      +
    233O  LEU*     3.2     7.2    +      -       -      +
    234O  LEU*     2.9    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 231 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83O  PHE*     6.1     0.2    -      +       -      -
    131O  TRP*     3.4    19.1    +      +       -      -
    171O  LEU      5.7     0.5    +      -       -      -
    188O  HIS*     2.6    53.6    +      +       +      +
    190O  PHE*     5.1     4.2    +      -       -      -
    191O  CYS*     3.7    28.9    -      -       +      +
    211O  CYS*     4.3     5.8    -      -       -      -
    213O  MET*     3.7    32.6    -      -       +      +
    227O  ASN*     3.1    16.2    +      -       -      +
    230O  SER*     1.3    83.2    -      -       -      +
    232O  ALA*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    234O  LEU*     3.7    23.9    -      -       +      +
    235O  THR*     2.8    30.0    +      -       -      -
    249O  PHE*     3.5    26.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 232 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58O  LEU*     3.9    14.5    -      -       +      +
     63O  LEU*     4.0     5.6    -      -       +      -
     64O  PRO*     3.6    33.7    -      -       +      -
    228O  ILE      3.1    20.6    +      -       -      +
    229O  ALA      3.6     4.5    -      -       -      +
    231O  TYR*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    233O  LEU*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    235O  THR*     3.3     6.3    +      -       -      -
    236O  HIS*     3.0    30.5    +      -       -      -
    249O  PHE*     4.8     6.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 233 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63O  LEU*     3.7    31.0    -      -       +      -
     73O  LEU*     4.7     7.4    -      -       +      -
     76O  VAL*     3.9    23.6    -      -       +      -
     77O  ILE*     4.0    22.2    -      -       +      +
     80O  LEU*     3.6    15.9    -      -       +      -
    229O  ALA*     2.9    24.5    +      -       +      +
    230O  SER      3.4     4.0    -      -       -      +
    232O  ALA*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    234O  LEU*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
    236O  HIS*     3.1     5.5    +      -       -      +
    237O  MET*     2.9    32.4    +      -       -      +
    280O  LEU*     4.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
    300O  PHE*     4.0    23.5    -      -       +      -
    302O  VAL*     5.6     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 234 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80O  LEU*     3.7    22.1    -      -       +      +
     84O  VAL*     4.6    14.8    -      -       +      -
    131O  TRP*     4.0    16.4    -      -       +      -
    153O  LEU*     4.7     8.3    -      -       +      -
    171O  LEU*     4.0    25.6    -      -       +      -
    193O  PHE*     4.3     9.9    -      -       +      -
    211O  CYS*     6.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
    230O  SER      2.9    15.8    +      -       -      +
    231O  TYR*     3.7    23.8    -      -       +      +
    232O  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    233O  LEU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    235O  THR*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    237O  MET*     3.2     9.4    +      -       -      +
    238O  ILE*     2.9    52.9    +      -       +      +
    292O  ILE*     4.9     3.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 235 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58O  LEU*     3.7    24.7    -      -       +      +
    193O  PHE*     4.1     5.5    -      -       +      -
    209O  LEU*     3.7    33.6    -      -       +      +
    210O  SER      4.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    211O  CYS*     3.3    29.9    -      -       +      +
    231O  TYR      2.8    21.5    +      -       -      -
    232O  ALA*     3.5     5.6    -      -       -      -
    233O  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    234O  LEU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    236O  HIS*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
    238O  ILE*     3.5     4.6    +      -       -      -
    239O  ALA*     2.9    28.1    +      -       -      +
    246O  PRO*     4.5     5.2    -      -       +      -
    249O  PHE*     5.1     0.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 236 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58O  LEU*     3.7    17.9    -      -       +      +
     61O  ASN*     4.2    16.5    +      -       -      -
     62O  THR      3.0    28.7    +      -       -      -
     63O  LEU*     4.6     7.0    -      -       +      -
    232O  ALA      3.0    30.9    +      -       -      -
    233O  LEU*     3.1     8.3    +      -       -      +
    235O  THR*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
    237O  MET*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    239O  ALA*     3.3     7.3    +      -       -      +
    240O  LEU*     3.1    18.2    +      -       -      +
    246O  PRO*     3.6    29.5    -      -       +      +
    280O  LEU*     3.6    33.8    -      -       +      +
    282O  TRP*     3.8    13.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 237 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80O  LEU*     3.5    33.0    -      -       -      -
     81O  LEU*     3.8    16.8    -      -       +      -
     84O  VAL*     4.3    10.3    -      -       +      -
    233O  LEU      2.9    13.2    +      -       -      +
    234O  LEU*     3.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
    236O  HIS*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    238O  ILE*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
    240O  LEU*     3.1    14.2    +      -       -      +
    241O  ILE*     3.2    16.8    +      -       -      +
    282O  TRP*     3.8    19.9    -      -       +      -
    292O  ILE*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      +
    295O  PHE*     3.6    42.0    -      -       +      -
    300O  PHE*     3.8    12.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 238 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    153O  LEU*     4.4    12.3    -      -       +      -
    156O  VAL*     4.6     4.5    -      -       +      -
    157O  ILE*     3.6    26.2    -      -       +      -
    160O  ILE*     3.6    29.8    -      -       +      -
    193O  PHE*     3.4    37.2    -      -       +      -
    209O  LEU*     3.9     8.7    -      -       +      -
    234O  LEU*     2.9    35.4    +      -       +      +
    235O  THR      3.9     3.4    -      -       -      +
    237O  MET*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    239O  ALA*     1.3    55.6    -      -       -      +
    241O  ILE*     3.3     1.7    +      -       -      +
    242O  THR*     2.7    35.2    +      -       +      +
    292O  ILE*     4.2     7.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 239 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    209O  LEU*     3.9     4.9    -      -       +      +
    235O  THR      2.9    19.2    +      -       -      +
    236O  HIS      3.4     6.3    -      -       -      +
    238O  ILE*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    240O  LEU*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    242O  THR      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    243O  ASP*     3.0    10.7    +      -       -      -
    244O  THR*     2.9    56.0    +      -       -      +
    246O  PRO*     3.7    24.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 240 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    236O  HIS      3.1    12.0    +      -       -      +
    237O  MET      3.4     8.3    -      -       -      +
    239O  ALA*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
    241O  ILE*     1.3    62.6    +      -       +      +
    243O  ASP*     3.6     6.5    +      -       -      +
    282O  TRP*     3.6    40.4    -      -       +      +
    285O  SER*     5.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    286O  LYS*     3.5    47.0    -      -       +      +
    289O  ILE*     3.6    31.2    -      -       +      -
    295O  PHE*     3.9     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 241 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157O  ILE*     4.0    26.5    -      -       +      -
    161O  LYS*     4.1    13.4    +      -       +      +
    237O  MET      3.2    14.9    +      -       -      +
    238O  ILE      3.3     5.6    +      -       -      +
    240O  LEU*     1.3    81.6    -      -       +      +
    242O  THR*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    286O  LYS*     3.6    23.9    +      -       +      +
    289O  ILE*     4.3     5.8    -      -       +      -
    290O  GLY      4.0    10.5    -      -       -      +
    291O  ASP*     3.6    39.9    -      -       +      +
    292O  ILE*     3.9    13.5    -      -       +      +
    295O  PHE*     3.7    21.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 242 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    157O  ILE*     3.8    24.9    -      -       +      +
    160O  ILE*     3.7    23.1    -      -       +      +
    161O  LYS*     3.8    31.3    -      -       +      +
    238O  ILE*     2.7    32.0    +      -       +      +
    239O  ALA      3.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
    241O  ILE*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    243O  ASP*     1.3    70.7    +      -       -      +
    244O  THR*     2.8    31.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 243 (chain O). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    206O  LYS*     3.9    29.0    +      -       +      +
    207O  PRO*     3.9     7.1    -      -       -      +
    239O  ALA      3.0     6.4    +      -       -      -
    240O  LEU      3.6     3.1    +      -       -      +
    241O  ILE      3.4     0.8    -      -       -      -
    242O  THR*     1.3    80.2    -      -       -      +
    244O  THR*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    286O  LYS*     2.7    44.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il