Contacts of the helix formed by residues 17 - 41 (chain F) in PDB entry 2AXT


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR 17 (chain F).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      7E  GLU*     3.4    31.2    +      -       +      +
      8E  ARG*     5.6     4.0    -      -       +      -
     14F  PRO*     5.3    11.9    -      -       -      +
     15F  ILE      5.1     4.0    -      -       -      +
     16F  PHE*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     18F  VAL*     1.3    82.1    +      -       -      +
     19F  ARG*     3.1    13.2    +      -       +      +
     20F  TRP*     2.9    34.8    +      -       +      +
     21F  VAL*     3.2    11.3    +      -       -      +
     51F  HEM      4.3     8.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 18 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21D  TRP*     5.4     4.5    -      -       +      -
     26D  ARG*     3.7    52.9    -      -       +      +
     27D  PHE      5.5     0.4    -      -       -      +
     28D  VAL*     5.3     5.8    -      -       +      +
     30D  VAL*     4.8    10.3    -      -       +      -
      7E  GLU*     5.2     1.1    -      -       -      +
     17F  THR*     1.3    83.2    +      -       -      +
     19F  ARG*     1.3    77.6    +      -       +      +
     21F  VAL*     2.9    29.9    +      -       +      +
     22F  ALA*     3.2     6.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 19 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    484C  UNK      5.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
     27D  PHE*     3.4    50.7    -      -       +      -
     28D  VAL*     4.9     7.4    -      -       +      +
      6E  GLY      5.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
      7E  GLU*     3.6    26.0    +      -       -      +
      8E  ARG*     2.7    34.9    +      -       -      +
      9E  PRO*     4.9     0.8    -      -       -      +
     10E  PHE*     2.9    36.6    -      -       -      +
     17F  THR*     3.1     4.7    -      -       -      +
     18F  VAL*     1.3    86.5    -      -       +      +
     20F  TRP*     1.3    51.2    +      -       -      +
     22F  ALA*     3.2     7.2    +      -       +      +
     23F  VAL*     2.7    48.3    +      -       +      +
     51F  HEM      2.7    39.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 20 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15F  ILE      4.2     8.1    -      -       -      +
     16F  PHE*     3.8    39.0    -      +       +      -
     17F  THR*     2.9    28.9    +      -       +      +
     19F  ARG*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     21F  VAL*     1.3    77.3    +      -       +      +
     23F  VAL*     4.5     2.5    -      -       -      -
     24F  HIS*     3.1    66.7    +      +       +      +
     51F  HEM      3.0    76.0    +      +       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 21 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     17F  THR      3.5    10.3    -      -       -      +
     18F  VAL*     2.9    23.2    +      -       +      +
     20F  TRP*     1.3    92.1    -      -       +      +
     22F  ALA*     1.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
     24F  HIS*     3.6     2.7    +      -       -      +
     25F  THR*     2.8    43.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 22 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    484C  UNK      3.8    20.2    -      -       +      -
    485C  UNK      5.2     3.8    -      -       +      -
     28D  VAL*     5.5     6.5    -      -       +      -
     18F  VAL      3.2     6.9    +      -       -      +
     19F  ARG*     3.2    12.2    +      -       +      +
     21F  VAL*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     23F  VAL*     1.3    54.4    +      -       -      +
     24F  HIS      2.5    17.7    +      -       -      -
     25F  THR*     2.8    25.7    +      -       -      -
     26F  LEU*     3.6     6.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 23 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    484C  UNK      3.9    27.1    -      -       +      -
     10E  PHE*     3.9    20.4    -      -       +      -
     19F  ARG*     2.7    44.1    +      -       +      +
     20F  TRP*     4.1     6.7    -      -       -      +
     22F  ALA*     1.3    70.3    -      -       -      +
     24F  HIS*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
     26F  LEU*     4.4     3.3    -      -       -      +
     27F  ALA*     2.9    27.4    +      -       +      +
     51F  HEM      4.3    31.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 24 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20F  TRP*     3.1    52.1    +      +       +      +
     21F  VAL*     4.0     4.0    -      -       -      +
     22F  ALA      2.5     7.1    +      -       -      -
     23F  VAL*     1.3    79.8    +      -       -      +
     25F  THR*     1.3    60.6    +      -       +      +
     26F  LEU      3.0     2.2    -      -       -      -
     27F  ALA*     4.0     2.5    -      -       -      -
     28F  VAL*     2.8    46.3    +      -       +      +
     51F  HEM      2.4    89.7    +      +       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 25 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42D  TYR*     2.7    50.3    +      -       +      +
     21F  VAL*     2.8    32.9    +      -       +      +
     22F  ALA*     2.8    19.3    +      -       -      -
     24F  HIS*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
     26F  LEU*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     28F  VAL*     5.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     29F  PRO*     2.8    17.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 26 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    564A  PQ9      5.8     6.7    -      -       +      -
    484C  UNK      5.1     7.9    -      -       +      -
    485C  UNK      5.0    16.4    -      -       +      -
     42D  TYR*     3.4    34.8    -      -       +      -
     45D  LEU*     5.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
    357D  BCR      4.5     8.5    -      -       +      +
    358D  MGE      3.9    34.0    -      -       +      +
     22F  ALA      3.6     5.9    +      -       -      +
     23F  VAL*     4.9     2.7    -      -       -      +
     24F  HIS      3.0     0.2    -      -       -      -
     25F  THR*     1.3    83.1    +      -       -      +
     27F  ALA*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
     28F  VAL      3.6     0.4    -      -       -      -
     29F  PRO*     3.7     1.6    -      -       -      +
     30F  THR*     2.6    35.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 27 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    358D  MGE      5.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
     23F  VAL*     2.9    23.4    +      -       +      +
     24F  HIS*     3.2     5.6    +      -       -      +
     26F  LEU*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     28F  VAL*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     30F  THR*     3.6     3.5    +      -       -      -
     31F  ILE*     3.3    30.5    +      -       -      +
     51F  HEM      3.4    42.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 28 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30E  LEU*     3.4    31.0    -      -       +      +
     24F  HIS*     2.8    40.3    +      -       +      +
     25F  THR*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     27F  ALA*     1.3    71.6    -      -       -      +
     29F  PRO*     1.4    74.7    -      -       +      +
     32F  PHE*     3.1    20.2    +      -       +      +
     51F  HEM      4.1    28.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 29 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42D  TYR*     3.8    10.3    -      -       -      +
    357D  BCR      3.4    33.2    -      -       +      -
     25F  THR*     2.8    32.5    -      -       -      +
     26F  LEU      3.7     1.8    -      -       -      -
     28F  VAL*     1.4    92.8    -      -       +      +
     30F  THR*     1.3    70.8    +      -       -      +
     32F  PHE*     3.0    10.8    +      -       +      +
     33F  PHE*     2.9    26.8    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 30 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357D  BCR      3.6    34.0    -      -       +      +
    358D  MGE      3.5    19.4    -      -       +      +
     26F  LEU      2.6    23.1    +      -       -      -
     27F  ALA*     3.7     5.6    -      -       -      -
     28F  VAL      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     29F  PRO*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
     31F  ILE*     1.3    61.6    +      -       +      +
     33F  PHE*     2.6    26.5    +      -       -      +
     34F  LEU*     2.7    37.0    +      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 31 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27E  ILE*     3.5    39.3    -      -       +      +
     30E  LEU*     3.8     4.7    -      -       +      -
     31E  PHE*     3.7    21.2    -      -       +      +
     27F  ALA      3.3    17.6    +      -       -      +
     28F  VAL      4.1     2.5    -      -       -      +
     30F  THR*     1.3    82.6    -      -       +      +
     32F  PHE*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
     34F  LEU*     4.2    19.3    -      -       +      -
     35F  GLY*     2.9    21.1    +      -       -      -
     51F  HEM      3.4    30.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 32 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54D  PHE*     4.8     3.8    -      +       -      -
     30E  LEU*     4.0    21.7    -      -       +      +
     33E  ALA*     3.9    11.9    -      -       +      -
     34E  GLY*     3.2    39.8    -      -       -      -
     37E  PHE*     3.7    39.7    -      +       +      -
     28F  VAL*     3.1    15.7    +      -       +      +
     29F  PRO*     3.0    12.9    +      -       +      +
     30F  THR      3.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
     31F  ILE*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     33F  PHE*     1.3    80.6    +      +       -      +
     35F  GLY*     3.5     0.5    +      -       -      -
     36F  ALA*     3.1    21.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 33 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49D  LEU      3.4    23.6    -      -       -      -
     50D  THR*     4.0    13.7    -      -       +      -
     53D  THR*     4.0    24.2    -      -       +      -
     54D  PHE*     3.9    17.9    -      +       -      -
    357D  BCR      3.5    59.9    -      -       +      -
     29F  PRO*     2.9    20.2    +      -       +      -
     30F  THR      2.6    14.3    +      -       -      +
     32F  PHE*     1.3    87.2    -      +       -      +
     34F  LEU*     1.3    52.9    +      -       -      +
     35F  GLY      2.9     4.5    -      -       -      -
     36F  ALA*     2.7    10.5    +      -       -      -
     37F  ILE*     2.6    39.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 34 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    357D  BCR      4.1    32.1    -      -       +      -
     31E  PHE*     3.5     8.0    -      -       +      -
     30F  THR*     2.7    41.9    +      -       +      +
     31F  ILE*     3.8    19.7    -      -       +      +
     33F  PHE*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
     35F  GLY*     1.3    56.0    +      -       -      +
     37F  ILE*     4.3     4.2    -      -       -      +
     38F  ALA*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
     24J  ILE*     3.2    34.3    -      -       +      +
     28J  PHE*     3.8    20.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 35 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31E  PHE*     3.3    36.7    -      -       -      -
     35E  TRP*     3.6    16.4    -      -       -      -
     31F  ILE      2.9    11.2    +      -       -      -
     32F  PHE      3.8     1.1    -      -       -      -
     33F  PHE      2.9     0.8    -      -       -      -
     34F  LEU*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     36F  ALA*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
     38F  ALA      3.5     0.3    +      -       -      -
     39F  ALA*     3.2    21.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 36 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54D  PHE*     3.9    23.3    -      -       +      -
     34E  GLY*     3.7    17.7    -      -       -      +
     37E  PHE*     5.1     1.8    -      -       +      -
     38E  VAL*     3.3    27.4    -      -       +      +
     32F  PHE*     3.1    14.7    +      -       +      +
     33F  PHE*     2.7    13.9    +      -       -      +
     35F  GLY*     1.3    71.1    -      -       -      +
     37F  ILE*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
     39F  ALA*     3.0    22.8    +      -       -      +
     40F  MET*     3.2     8.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 37 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  THR*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      +
     67D  TYR*     3.5    31.6    -      -       +      -
    357D  BCR      3.7    31.0    -      -       +      -
    358D  MGE      3.9    19.3    -      -       -      +
     33F  PHE*     2.6    23.0    +      -       +      +
     34F  LEU*     4.3     1.1    -      -       -      +
     36F  ALA*     1.3    72.6    -      -       +      +
     38F  ALA*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
     39F  ALA      3.0     2.0    +      -       -      -
     40F  MET*     3.3    23.4    +      -       +      +
     41F  GLN*     3.1    16.6    -      -       -      +
     28J  PHE*     3.1    31.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 38 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31E  PHE*     3.7    22.2    -      -       +      -
     35E  TRP*     3.7     4.9    -      -       +      -
     34F  LEU      3.0    22.4    +      -       -      +
     35F  GLY      3.8     1.1    -      -       -      +
     36F  ALA      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     37F  ILE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     39F  ALA*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
     41F  GLN*     3.4     8.3    -      -       -      +
     42F  PHE*     3.4    22.5    -      -       -      -
     24J  ILE*     4.7     4.5    -      -       +      -
     27J  LEU*     3.5    21.4    -      -       +      +
     28J  PHE*     3.8    12.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 39 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35E  TRP*     3.6    46.5    -      -       +      +
     38E  VAL*     4.0    10.9    -      -       +      +
     39E  SER*     4.9     1.3    -      -       -      +
     35F  GLY      3.2    13.1    +      -       -      +
     36F  ALA      3.0    13.8    +      -       -      +
     38F  ALA*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     40F  MET*     1.3    62.5    +      -       -      +
     41F  GLN      3.2     0.7    -      -       -      -
     42F  PHE*     3.4    17.2    +      -       -      +
     43F  ILE*     4.0     5.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 40 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53D  THR*     3.6    13.0    -      -       -      +
     54D  PHE*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
     67D  TYR*     3.9    11.9    -      -       +      -
     68D  LEU*     3.4    48.2    -      -       +      -
    358D  MGE      3.7    20.5    +      -       -      +
     38E  VAL*     3.8    11.2    -      -       +      -
     36F  ALA      3.2     8.7    +      -       -      +
     37F  ILE*     3.3    22.4    +      -       +      +
     39F  ALA*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     41F  GLN*     1.3    54.0    +      -       -      +
     42F  PHE      2.5    19.2    +      -       -      -
     43F  ILE*     2.6    46.0    +      -       +      +
     36J  LEU*     5.5     1.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 41 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    358D  MGE      2.7    45.6    +      -       -      +
     37F  ILE*     3.1    12.3    -      -       -      +
     38F  ALA*     3.4    20.9    -      -       -      +
     39F  ALA      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     40F  MET*     1.3    72.5    -      -       -      +
     42F  PHE*     1.3    71.9    +      -       +      +
     43F  ILE      3.7     2.0    -      -       -      -
     27J  LEU*     3.8    28.3    -      -       +      +
     28J  PHE*     3.1    25.8    -      -       +      -
     30J  TYR*     4.3    13.5    -      -       +      -
     31J  GLY*     3.3    15.2    -      -       -      -
     34J  ALA*     5.4     0.9    -      -       -      +
     35J  GLY*     4.5    13.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il