Contacts of the helix formed by residues 116 - 138 (chain D) in PDB entry 2B05


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLN 116 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36D  PRO*     4.5    22.6    -      -       -      +
    111D  ASN      3.6     5.0    -      -       -      +
    112D  CYS*     3.3    12.4    -      -       +      -
    113D  SER*     2.6    52.7    +      -       -      +
    114D  GLU      3.4     0.6    -      -       -      -
    115D  THR*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    117D  TYR*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
    118D  GLU*     3.3     3.4    -      -       -      -
    119D  SER*     3.2    17.2    +      -       -      +
    120D  LYS*     3.0    22.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 117 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    114D  GLU      4.5     4.5    +      -       -      +
    115D  THR      3.0     9.7    +      -       -      +
    116D  GLN*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    118D  GLU*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    120D  LYS*     3.3     6.7    +      -       -      +
    121D  VAL*     3.0    31.4    +      -       +      +
    160D  ILE*     5.4     5.8    -      -       +      +
    164D  HIS*     4.1    27.1    -      -       +      +
    165D  MET*     5.3     7.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 118 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42D  ARG*     4.4    16.2    -      -       -      +
    116D  GLN      3.3     1.0    -      -       -      -
    117D  TYR*     1.3    77.6    -      -       +      +
    119D  SER*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    121D  VAL*     3.5     2.6    +      -       -      +
    122D  PHE*     2.9    30.3    +      -       -      +
    165D  MET*     3.7    31.8    -      -       +      +
    169D  HIS*     4.1    14.6    -      -       +      +
    171D  ILE*     4.2     9.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 119 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37D  LEU      5.1     4.5    +      -       -      -
     42D  ARG*     3.4    23.2    +      -       -      +
    112D  CYS*     3.6    18.2    -      -       -      -
    116D  GLN*     3.2    16.2    +      -       -      +
    117D  TYR      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    118D  GLU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    120D  LYS*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
    122D  PHE*     3.2     6.1    +      -       -      +
    123D  TYR*     2.9    42.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 120 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109D  ILE*     4.6    19.7    -      -       +      -
    112D  CYS*     3.7    38.6    +      -       +      -
    113D  SER      4.5     9.6    +      -       -      +
    114D  GLU*     4.8    10.9    +      -       -      +
    116D  GLN      3.0    12.6    +      -       -      +
    117D  TYR*     3.8     8.7    -      -       -      +
    119D  SER*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    121D  VAL*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
    123D  TYR*     3.8     3.1    -      -       -      +
    124D  LEU*     2.8    52.9    +      -       +      +
    156D  GLU*     6.0     2.9    -      -       -      +
    160D  ILE*     5.6     4.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 121 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117D  TYR*     3.0    20.1    +      -       +      +
    118D  GLU      3.8     3.1    -      -       -      +
    120D  LYS*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
    122D  PHE*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
    124D  LEU*     3.8     0.6    -      -       -      +
    125D  LYS*     2.8    30.9    +      -       +      +
    157D  ALA*     3.6    32.2    -      -       +      +
    160D  ILE*     3.9    12.3    -      -       +      -
    161D  SER*     3.8    23.6    -      -       -      +
    165D  MET*     4.2     9.4    -      -       +      -
    171D  ILE*     3.6    24.7    -      -       +      +
    175D  LEU*     4.3    16.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 122 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42D  ARG*     3.4    49.1    -      -       +      -
     43D  ASN*     3.6    24.9    -      -       -      -
     46D  SER*     3.8    21.8    -      -       -      -
    118D  GLU      2.9    18.3    +      -       -      +
    119D  SER      3.2     4.5    +      -       -      +
    121D  VAL*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
    123D  TYR*     1.3    67.5    +      +       -      +
    125D  LYS*     3.3    11.5    +      -       +      +
    126D  MET*     3.0    47.5    +      -       +      +
    171D  ILE*     4.0    26.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 123 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37D  LEU*     3.5    27.3    +      -       +      +
     42D  ARG*     3.2    33.6    -      -       +      +
     45D  LEU*     5.1     1.8    -      -       +      -
    104D  LEU*     3.7    21.7    -      -       +      +
    108D  LEU*     3.7    49.4    -      -       +      +
    109D  ILE*     3.7    19.9    -      -       +      +
    112D  CYS*     3.9     6.3    -      -       -      -
    119D  SER*     2.9    39.6    +      -       -      +
    120D  LYS*     4.0     2.0    -      -       -      +
    122D  PHE*     1.3    88.0    -      +       -      +
    124D  LEU*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
    126D  MET*     3.1     9.8    +      -       -      +
    127D  LYS*     2.9    27.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 124 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109D  ILE*     4.0    28.3    -      -       +      -
    120D  LYS*     2.8    43.6    +      -       +      +
    123D  TYR*     1.3    72.0    -      -       -      +
    125D  LYS*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    127D  LYS*     3.3    16.7    +      -       +      +
    128D  GLY*     2.9    23.0    +      -       -      -
    153D  ALA*     3.5    21.7    -      -       -      +
    156D  GLU*     3.6    41.1    -      -       +      +
    157D  ALA*     3.7    22.9    -      -       +      +
    160D  ILE*     5.7     3.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 125 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121D  VAL      2.8    19.4    +      -       -      +
    122D  PHE*     3.5    13.4    +      -       +      +
    124D  LEU*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    126D  MET*     1.3    70.1    +      -       -      +
    128D  GLY*     3.1     2.6    +      -       -      +
    129D  ASP*     2.8    53.4    +      -       -      +
    154D  TYR*     3.9     6.5    -      -       +      -
    157D  ALA*     4.1     1.0    -      -       -      +
    171D  ILE*     4.7     8.1    -      -       +      +
    174D  GLY*     3.7    17.0    -      -       -      -
    175D  LEU*     3.9    44.4    -      -       +      +
    178D  ASN*     3.4    17.9    -      -       -      +
    506J  LEU*     4.1    21.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 126 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45D  LEU*     4.5    19.7    -      -       +      +
     46D  SER*     4.4    26.2    -      -       -      +
     49D  TYR*     5.2     1.3    -      -       +      -
    100D  VAL*     3.7    27.8    -      -       +      -
    104D  LEU*     3.8    19.1    -      -       +      -
    122D  PHE*     3.0    43.5    +      -       +      +
    123D  TYR*     3.1    12.3    +      -       -      +
    125D  LYS*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    127D  LYS*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    129D  ASP*     3.0    10.4    +      -       -      +
    130D  TYR*     2.8    51.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 127 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101D  LEU*     3.9     9.1    -      -       +      +
    104D  LEU*     3.8    14.5    -      -       +      +
    105D  ASP*     2.8    42.0    +      -       -      +
    109D  ILE*     4.0    13.6    -      -       +      +
    123D  TYR      2.9    12.8    +      -       -      +
    124D  LEU*     3.5    16.8    -      -       +      +
    126D  MET*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
    128D  GLY*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
    130D  TYR      3.5     0.3    +      -       -      -
    131D  TYR*     3.2    50.0    +      -       +      -
    149D  SER*     5.4     1.8    -      -       -      -
    153D  ALA*     3.6    17.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 128 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124D  LEU      2.9    11.4    +      -       -      -
    125D  LYS      3.1     3.7    +      -       -      -
    127D  LYS*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    129D  ASP*     1.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
    131D  TYR      3.6     0.2    +      -       -      -
    132D  ARG*     2.9    26.2    +      -       -      +
    150D  SER*     3.0    17.4    +      -       -      -
    153D  ALA*     3.5    15.3    -      -       -      +
    154D  TYR*     3.3    23.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 129 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125D  LYS*     2.8    49.8    +      -       -      +
    126D  MET*     3.0    11.7    +      -       -      +
    128D  GLY*     1.3    72.0    -      -       -      +
    130D  TYR*     1.3    62.8    +      -       +      +
    132D  ARG*     2.8    11.2    +      -       -      +
    133D  TYR*     2.9    50.8    +      -       +      +
    154D  TYR*     2.6    25.7    +      -       -      -
    178D  ASN*     2.8    24.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 130 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     46D  SER*     4.2     3.0    +      -       -      -
     49D  TYR*     3.1    36.0    +      -       +      +
     50D  LYS*     3.1    13.2    +      -       +      +
     53D  VAL*     3.7    24.0    -      -       +      -
     96D  VAL*     5.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
     97D  CYS*     3.7    18.3    -      -       +      +
    100D  VAL*     3.9    29.6    -      -       +      -
    101D  LEU*     4.2    23.6    -      -       +      -
    126D  MET*     2.8    57.5    +      -       +      +
    129D  ASP*     1.3    77.7    -      -       +      +
    131D  TYR*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
    133D  TYR*     3.4    23.4    +      +       -      +
    134D  LEU*     3.1    31.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 131 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101D  LEU*     3.6    32.4    -      -       +      +
    105D  ASP*     4.7     7.1    +      -       -      -
    127D  LYS*     3.2    48.9    +      -       +      +
    130D  TYR*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    132D  ARG*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    134D  LEU*     3.2    22.7    +      -       +      +
    135D  ALA*     2.8    27.2    +      -       -      +
    145D  THR*     6.4     0.2    -      -       +      -
    146D  VAL*     3.6    30.9    -      -       +      +
    149D  SER*     3.7    36.5    +      -       -      -
    150D  SER*     3.7    12.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 132 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57D  ARG*     4.1     2.8    -      -       -      +
    128D  GLY      2.9    18.1    +      -       -      +
    129D  ASP*     2.8    30.9    +      -       -      +
    131D  TYR*     1.3    71.8    -      -       -      +
    133D  TYR*     1.3    71.4    +      -       +      +
    135D  ALA*     3.0     9.4    +      -       -      +
    136D  GLU*     3.0    34.4    +      -       -      +
    150D  SER*     3.7    10.2    +      -       -      +
    154D  TYR*     2.9    16.2    +      -       -      +
    178D  ASN*     3.4    20.2    +      -       -      +
    181D  VAL*     4.1    16.1    -      -       -      +
    182D  PHE*     4.0    19.1    -      -       +      +
    185D  GLU*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    186D  ILE*     4.0    25.3    -      -       +      +
    505J  SEP      2.8    44.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 133 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50D  LYS*     3.1    19.3    -      -       -      +
     53D  VAL*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      -
     57D  ARG*     3.2    45.5    -      -       -      -
     93D  LEU*     3.9    15.9    -      -       +      +
     97D  CYS*     3.9     9.6    -      -       -      -
    129D  ASP*     2.9    31.8    +      -       +      +
    130D  TYR*     3.6    37.2    -      +       -      +
    131D  TYR      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    132D  ARG*     1.3    84.1    -      -       -      +
    134D  LEU*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    136D  GLU*     3.3    23.4    +      -       -      +
    137D  VAL*     3.9     4.3    +      -       -      +
    505J  SEP      2.6    26.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 134 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     93D  LEU*     4.8     0.9    -      -       +      -
     94D  GLU*     3.8    33.4    -      -       +      +
     97D  CYS*     3.5    24.0    -      -       +      -
     98D  GLN*     5.4     1.8    -      -       +      +
    101D  LEU*     3.9    18.6    -      -       +      -
    130D  TYR      3.1    14.9    +      -       -      +
    131D  TYR*     3.2    34.7    +      -       +      +
    133D  TYR*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    135D  ALA*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    137D  VAL*     3.3     9.3    +      -       -      +
    138D  ALA*     3.1    23.1    +      -       +      +
    146D  VAL*     4.0    18.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 135 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131D  TYR      2.8    13.8    +      -       -      +
    132D  ARG*     3.0    14.5    +      -       -      +
    134D  LEU*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    136D  GLU*     1.3    63.4    +      -       -      +
    137D  VAL      3.1     1.6    +      -       -      -
    138D  ALA*     3.4    15.8    +      -       -      +
    143D  ARG*     4.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
    146D  VAL*     3.7    11.6    -      -       +      +
    147D  VAL*     3.7    30.3    -      -       +      +
    182D  PHE*     5.7     0.7    -      -       +      -
    186D  ILE*     4.2    15.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 136 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57D  ARG*     2.9    50.4    +      -       -      +
     60D  TRP*     3.7    20.9    -      -       +      -
     61D  ARG*     4.7     6.0    +      -       -      -
    132D  ARG*     3.0    29.3    +      -       +      +
    133D  TYR*     3.5    13.5    -      -       -      +
    134D  LEU      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    135D  ALA*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
    137D  VAL*     1.3    63.9    +      -       +      +
    138D  ALA      5.0     0.6    -      -       -      +
    186D  ILE*     4.2    17.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 137 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60D  TRP*     3.3    51.4    -      -       +      +
     90D  GLU*     4.0    22.1    -      -       +      +
     93D  LEU*     4.1    18.8    -      -       +      -
     94D  GLU*     3.8    28.8    -      -       +      +
    133D  TYR      4.2     6.3    -      -       -      +
    134D  LEU      3.7     9.4    -      -       -      +
    135D  ALA      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    136D  GLU*     1.3    85.1    -      -       +      +
    138D  ALA*     1.3    67.7    +      -       -      +
    139D  THR*     4.5     6.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 138 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     94D  GLU*     5.4     4.9    -      -       -      +
    134D  LEU*     3.1    16.7    +      -       +      +
    135D  ALA      3.4     5.9    +      -       -      +
    136D  GLU      5.0     0.9    -      -       -      +
    137D  VAL*     1.3    82.1    -      -       +      +
    139D  THR*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    142D  LYS*     4.2     9.0    -      -       +      -
    143D  ARG*     3.6    44.1    +      -       +      +
    146D  VAL*     4.2     6.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il