Contacts of the helix formed by residues 175 - 200 (chain X) in PDB entry 2DE0


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLY 175 (chain X).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    172X  GLN      4.2     3.1    -      -       -      -
    173X  THR      2.7    12.5    +      -       -      -
    174X  ASP*     1.3    70.9    -      -       -      +
    176X  ALA*     1.3    63.7    +      -       -      +
    177X  GLY      3.1     4.5    +      -       -      -
    178X  ASP*     3.1    17.2    +      -       -      +
    179X  TRP*     2.8    24.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 176 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    170X  LEU      4.8     1.8    -      -       -      +
    171X  SER*     3.2    22.7    -      -       -      +
    172X  GLN      3.7    10.0    +      -       -      -
    173X  THR      4.0     2.7    -      -       -      +
    174X  ASP*     3.1     9.0    +      -       +      +
    175X  GLY*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    177X  GLY*     1.3    55.9    +      -       -      +
    179X  TRP*     3.7     8.0    -      -       -      +
    180X  ARG*     2.8    39.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLY 177 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171X  SER      4.4     0.9    -      -       -      -
    172X  GLN*     3.3    40.2    +      -       -      +
    175X  GLY      3.1     1.2    -      -       -      -
    176X  ALA*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    178X  ASP*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    180X  ARG*     3.5     7.5    +      -       -      +
    181X  GLU*     3.0    27.3    +      -       -      +
    484X  PRO*     4.9     3.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 178 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    175X  GLY*     3.1    17.0    +      -       -      +
    177X  GLY*     1.3    71.1    -      -       -      +
    179X  TRP*     1.3    67.5    +      -       -      +
    181X  GLU*     3.1    15.6    +      -       -      +
    182X  LYS*     2.9    25.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TRP 179 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    175X  GLY      2.8    19.8    +      -       -      +
    176X  ALA*     3.7     9.0    -      -       -      +
    178X  ASP*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    180X  ARG*     1.3    92.2    +      -       +      +
    181X  GLU      2.8     1.4    +      -       -      -
    182X  LYS*     3.0    28.0    +      -       -      +
    183X  GLU*     2.9    58.2    +      -       +      +
    318X  ARG*     3.7    40.2    -      -       +      -
    319X  VAL*     4.2    10.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 180 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171X  SER*     2.5    50.7    +      -       -      +
    172X  GLN*     3.9     9.5    -      -       -      +
    176X  ALA*     2.8    30.1    +      -       -      +
    177X  GLY*     3.7     5.7    -      -       -      +
    179X  TRP*     1.3    89.0    -      -       +      +
    181X  GLU*     1.3    56.6    +      -       -      +
    183X  GLU*     3.9     1.4    -      -       -      +
    184X  ALA*     3.1    29.3    +      -       -      +
    318X  ARG      4.8     6.0    +      -       -      -
    319X  VAL*     3.6    36.5    -      -       +      +
    484X  PRO*     3.7    21.2    -      -       +      +
    485X  ASP*     4.9     7.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 181 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    177X  GLY      3.0    17.3    +      -       -      +
    178X  ASP*     3.6    16.1    -      -       -      +
    179X  TRP      2.8     2.8    +      -       -      -
    180X  ARG*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    182X  LYS*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    184X  ALA*     4.0     1.6    -      -       -      +
    185X  LYS*     3.0    28.1    +      -       +      +
    484X  PRO*     3.9    21.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 182 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    178X  ASP      2.9    14.9    +      -       -      +
    179X  TRP*     3.4    41.6    +      -       -      +
    181X  GLU*     1.3    78.3    +      -       -      +
    183X  GLU*     1.3    68.6    +      -       -      +
    185X  LYS*     3.6    13.5    +      -       +      +
    186X  ASP*     3.0    37.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 183 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    179X  TRP*     2.9    48.8    +      -       +      +
    180X  ARG      4.0     2.0    -      -       -      +
    182X  LYS*     1.3    82.5    +      -       -      +
    184X  ALA*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    186X  ASP*     3.1     8.7    -      -       -      +
    187X  LEU*     3.1    29.8    +      -       +      +
    315X  ARG*     3.1    43.8    +      -       -      +
    318X  ARG*     5.6     1.4    -      -       -      -
    319X  VAL*     3.2    27.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 184 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    180X  ARG      3.1    17.6    +      -       -      +
    181X  GLU      4.0     2.7    -      -       -      +
    183X  GLU*     1.3    71.9    -      -       -      +
    185X  LYS*     1.3    66.6    +      -       -      +
    186X  ASP      2.9     1.7    +      -       -      -
    187X  LEU*     3.2     7.2    +      -       -      +
    188X  THR*     3.0    28.2    +      -       -      +
    319X  VAL*     3.9    16.2    -      -       +      +
    326X  TRP*     4.6     9.0    -      -       -      +
    483X  HIS      4.9     1.8    -      -       -      +
    484X  PRO*     3.8    26.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 185 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    181X  GLU*     3.0    23.1    +      -       +      +
    182X  LYS*     3.7    14.8    -      -       +      +
    184X  ALA*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    186X  ASP*     1.3    61.3    +      -       -      +
    188X  THR*     3.5     5.8    +      -       -      -
    189X  GLU*     3.1    61.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 186 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    182X  LYS*     3.0    24.3    +      -       -      +
    183X  GLU*     3.1    20.9    -      -       -      +
    185X  LYS*     1.3    82.5    -      -       -      +
    187X  LEU*     1.3    62.2    +      -       -      +
    189X  GLU*     3.5    10.0    +      -       -      +
    190X  LEU*     2.9    29.4    +      -       -      +
    193X  ARG*     5.2     1.4    +      -       -      -
    315X  ARG*     3.1    19.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 187 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    183X  GLU*     3.1    18.2    +      -       +      +
    184X  ALA*     3.9     4.3    -      -       -      +
    186X  ASP*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
    188X  THR*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    190X  LEU*     3.3     6.6    +      -       +      +
    191X  VAL*     2.9    35.0    +      -       +      +
    312X  LEU*     4.2    21.3    -      -       +      +
    315X  ARG*     3.5    52.3    -      -       +      +
    316X  LEU*     3.8    24.5    -      -       +      -
    319X  VAL*     4.1    22.4    -      -       +      -
    326X  TRP*     3.8    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 188 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    184X  ALA*     3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
    185X  LYS*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      -
    187X  LEU*     1.3    72.0    -      -       -      +
    189X  GLU*     1.3    68.2    +      -       -      +
    190X  LEU      2.9     1.8    +      -       -      -
    191X  VAL*     2.9     2.4    +      -       -      +
    192X  GLN*     2.8    29.1    +      -       +      +
    326X  TRP*     3.6    16.1    +      -       -      -
    330X  GLN*     3.4    21.4    +      -       -      +
    333X  LYS*     3.4    33.0    -      -       -      -
    481X  THR*     5.9     4.0    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 189 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185X  LYS*     3.1    57.8    +      -       -      +
    186X  ASP*     3.8     8.5    -      -       -      +
    188X  THR*     1.3    77.6    -      -       +      +
    190X  LEU*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    192X  GLN*     4.2     4.9    -      -       -      +
    193X  ARG*     3.1    36.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 190 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    186X  ASP*     2.9    18.0    +      -       -      +
    187X  LEU*     3.4     7.6    -      -       +      +
    188X  THR      2.9     1.8    +      -       -      -
    189X  GLU*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    191X  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    193X  ARG*     3.2    37.4    +      -       -      +
    194X  ARG*     3.1    49.9    +      -       +      +
    312X  LEU*     3.9    28.3    -      -       +      -
    315X  ARG*     4.0    21.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 191 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    187X  LEU*     2.9    23.5    +      -       -      +
    188X  THR      3.9     1.8    -      -       -      +
    190X  LEU*     1.3    73.0    -      -       +      +
    192X  GLN*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
    194X  ARG*     3.4    13.4    +      -       -      +
    195X  ILE*     2.9    36.0    +      -       +      +
    235X  TYR*     4.9     4.5    -      -       -      +
    312X  LEU*     3.6    35.4    -      -       +      -
    326X  TRP*     3.9    11.7    -      -       +      -
    327X  TRP*     3.6    18.4    -      -       +      -
    330X  GLN*     3.6    31.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 192 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    188X  THR*     2.8    25.8    +      -       +      +
    189X  GLU*     4.2     4.5    -      -       -      +
    191X  VAL*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    193X  ARG*     1.3    54.9    +      -       -      +
    195X  ILE*     3.0    15.3    +      -       -      +
    196X  THR*     2.6    42.2    +      -       -      +
    330X  GLN*     3.0    39.8    +      -       -      +
    333X  LYS*     3.4    32.9    -      -       +      +
    334X  TYR*     3.5    27.7    -      -       -      +
    337X  ARG*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 193 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    186X  ASP*     5.2     2.0    +      -       -      -
    189X  GLU*     3.1    25.9    +      -       +      +
    190X  LEU*     3.4    46.3    -      -       -      +
    192X  GLN*     1.3    74.3    -      -       -      +
    194X  ARG*     1.3    55.5    +      -       +      +
    196X  THR*     3.6     8.4    -      -       -      +
    197X  TYR*     2.8    36.9    +      -       -      +
    572X  GLU*     3.9    37.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 194 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    190X  LEU*     3.1    39.6    +      -       +      +
    191X  VAL*     3.5    13.7    -      -       -      +
    192X  GLN      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    193X  ARG*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
    195X  ILE*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
    197X  TYR*     3.4     7.8    -      -       -      +
    198X  LEU*     3.1    24.4    +      -       -      +
    235X  TYR*     3.4    31.8    +      -       +      +
    309X  PRO*     5.6     0.6    -      -       -      +
    311X  ASP*     2.8    31.9    +      -       -      +
    312X  LEU*     3.9    17.8    -      -       -      +
    568X  PRO      5.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
    569X  THR*     3.0    33.1    +      -       -      +
    570X  TYR*     4.0    27.6    +      -       +      +
    572X  GLU*     6.2     1.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 195 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    191X  VAL*     2.9    26.8    +      -       +      +
    192X  GLN*     3.0    32.1    +      -       -      +
    194X  ARG*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
    196X  THR*     1.3    66.9    +      -       -      +
    197X  TYR      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    198X  LEU*     3.3     4.3    +      -       -      +
    199X  GLN*     2.9    23.6    +      -       -      +
    231X  PHE*     3.6    21.5    -      -       +      -
    235X  TYR*     4.3    20.6    -      -       +      -
    330X  GLN*     4.1    12.3    -      -       +      +
    331X  PHE*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
    334X  TYR*     3.3    35.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 196 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    192X  GLN*     2.6    23.5    +      -       -      +
    193X  ARG*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
    195X  ILE*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
    197X  TYR*     1.3    67.0    +      -       -      +
    199X  GLN      3.4     1.2    +      -       -      -
    200X  ASN*     3.2    29.7    +      -       +      +
    334X  TYR*     3.1    28.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 197 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    193X  ARG      2.8    16.4    +      -       -      +
    194X  ARG*     3.4    10.1    -      -       -      +
    196X  THR*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
    198X  LEU*     1.3    81.2    +      -       -      +
    200X  ASN*     2.9    17.5    +      -       -      +
    201X  PRO*     4.4     1.0    -      -       -      +
    570X  TYR*     4.4    26.2    -      +       +      -
    572X  GLU*     3.7    50.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 198 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    194X  ARG      3.1    13.4    +      -       -      +
    195X  ILE*     3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
    197X  TYR*     1.3    86.1    -      -       -      +
    199X  GLN*     1.3    70.0    +      -       -      +
    200X  ASN      3.2     1.2    +      -       -      -
    201X  PRO*     3.9     5.9    -      -       -      +
    231X  PHE*     5.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
    234X  ALA*     4.9     0.9    -      -       +      -
    235X  TYR*     3.7    27.1    -      -       +      +
    238X  GLN*     3.7     9.2    -      -       -      +
    239X  ARG      3.4    46.0    -      -       -      +
    240X  THR*     3.0    23.9    +      -       -      +
    570X  TYR*     3.7    30.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 199 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    195X  ILE      2.9    22.8    +      -       -      +
    197X  TYR      2.9     1.6    +      -       -      -
    198X  LEU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       +      +
    200X  ASN*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    201X  PRO*     3.5     3.4    -      -       -      +
    231X  PHE*     3.7    30.1    -      -       +      -
    240X  THR*     3.4    18.1    -      -       -      +
    241X  LEU*     2.9    38.3    +      -       -      +
    262X  VAL*     2.8    47.9    +      -       -      +
    263X  SER*     2.5    29.5    +      -       -      -
    334X  TYR*     3.5    20.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 200 (chain X). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    196X  THR*     3.2    27.1    +      -       -      +
    197X  TYR      2.9    12.2    +      -       -      +
    198X  LEU      3.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    199X  GLN*     1.3    81.3    -      -       -      +
    201X  PRO*     1.3    66.0    -      -       -      +
    263X  SER*     2.7     7.3    +      -       -      -
    264X  GLU*     2.5    45.6    +      -       -      +
    265X  THR*     3.0    19.3    +      -       +      +
    334X  TYR*     3.6    18.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il