Contacts of the helix formed by residues 392 - 422 (chain M) in PDB entry 2DFS
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 392 (chain M).
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
346M ASP* 3.1 44.7 + - - -
348M CYS* 4.5 1.1 - - - -
391M ILE* 1.3 76.9 - - - +
393M LYS* 1.4 63.3 + - - +
394M LEU* 4.1 5.3 + - - +
395M HIS* 2.9 39.7 + - - +
396M ALA* 3.1 18.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LYS 393 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
339M GLU* 2.5 39.7 + - - -
340M PHE* 2.6 29.0 + - + +
342M SER* 4.6 24.5 - - - +
346M ASP* 3.9 5.6 + - - +
347M SER 4.6 2.2 + - - -
348M CYS* 4.3 17.4 - - + +
392M SER* 1.4 73.1 - - - +
394M LEU* 1.3 66.9 + - + +
396M ALA* 3.3 3.9 + - - +
397M ILE* 3.3 39.8 + - + +
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Residues in contact with LEU 394 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
392M SER* 3.4 7.2 + - - +
393M LYS* 1.3 80.2 - - + +
395M HIS* 1.3 61.8 + - + +
397M ILE* 3.4 17.1 + - + +
398M ASN* 3.0 36.8 + - - +
569M LYS* 6.2 0.9 - - - +
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Residues in contact with HIS 395 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
391M ILE* 4.0 14.5 - - + +
392M SER* 2.9 31.7 + - - +
394M LEU* 1.3 81.9 - - + +
396M ALA* 1.3 61.0 + - - +
398M ASN* 4.0 10.3 - - - +
399M ALA* 3.2 14.7 + - - +
516M PRO* 5.9 6.3 + - + +
573M TYR* 2.9 29.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 396 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
340M PHE* 3.9 19.3 - - + -
348M CYS* 3.7 28.9 - - - -
375M LEU* 3.8 11.4 - - - +
391M ILE* 3.6 16.7 - - + +
392M SER 3.1 6.0 + - - +
393M LYS 3.5 9.2 - - - +
395M HIS* 1.3 72.7 - - - +
397M ILE* 1.3 58.1 + - - +
399M ALA* 3.3 4.4 + - - +
400M ARG* 2.9 28.9 + - - +
576M GLN* 5.7 0.2 + - - -
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Residues in contact with ILE 397 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
339M GLU* 4.8 3.6 - - - +
340M PHE* 3.9 18.2 - - + -
393M LYS* 3.3 43.4 + - + +
394M LEU* 3.4 19.0 + - + +
396M ALA* 1.3 74.5 - - - +
398M ASN* 1.4 66.3 + - - +
400M ARG* 3.2 33.8 + - - +
401M ASP* 3.1 29.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 398 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
394M LEU* 3.0 23.2 + - - +
395M HIS* 4.0 11.2 - - - +
397M ILE* 1.4 80.1 - - - +
399M ALA* 1.3 56.8 + - - +
401M ASP* 3.7 8.2 + - - +
402M ALA* 3.0 27.7 + - - +
405M LYS* 5.8 0.2 - - - -
566M GLU* 2.8 25.4 + - - +
569M LYS* 2.7 45.3 + - + +
571M THR 5.4 1.1 + - - -
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Residues in contact with ALA 399 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
375M LEU 5.5 0.2 - - - +
395M HIS 3.2 16.9 + - - +
396M ALA* 3.6 5.8 - - - +
397M ILE 3.3 0.2 - - - -
398M ASN* 1.3 76.4 - - - +
400M ARG* 1.4 57.5 + - - +
402M ALA* 3.3 8.3 + - - +
403M LEU* 2.9 30.0 + - - +
571M THR 4.5 4.0 - - - +
572M VAL* 5.1 0.5 - - - -
573M TYR* 3.4 40.8 - - + +
576M GLN* 3.9 13.6 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 400 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
250M VAL* 5.4 0.4 + - - +
286M HIS* 2.9 32.2 + - - -
287M TYR* 3.5 10.6 + - - +
335M LEU* 3.6 36.4 - - + +
336M GLY 3.2 19.8 + - - -
338M VAL* 4.0 18.2 + - + -
340M PHE* 4.4 16.1 - - + -
375M LEU* 5.1 11.4 - - + +
396M ALA 2.9 16.4 + - - +
397M ILE* 3.2 28.3 + - - +
399M ALA* 1.4 71.6 - - - +
401M ASP* 1.3 91.7 + - - +
403M LEU* 3.3 8.3 + - - +
404M ALA* 3.0 27.0 + - - +
576M GLN* 5.2 1.2 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 401 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
250M VAL* 4.0 31.4 - - + +
287M TYR* 3.3 8.3 + - - -
397M ILE* 3.1 18.9 + - - +
398M ASN* 3.8 9.8 + - - +
400M ARG* 1.3 115.2 + - - +
402M ALA* 1.3 59.5 + - - +
404M ALA* 3.4 1.2 + - - +
405M LYS* 2.9 41.7 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ALA 402 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
398M ASN 3.0 19.0 + - - +
399M ALA 3.4 6.3 - - - +
401M ASP* 1.3 75.5 - - - +
403M LEU* 1.3 56.1 + - - +
405M LYS* 3.7 12.2 + - - +
406M HIS* 2.9 30.1 + - - +
570M ASP* 3.9 7.7 - - - +
571M THR 3.6 17.9 - - - +
572M VAL* 3.6 30.5 - - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 403 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
335M LEU* 4.2 20.4 - - + -
360M PHE* 5.0 4.5 - - + -
371M MET* 4.8 10.5 - - + -
375M LEU* 5.1 4.0 - - + -
399M ALA 2.9 13.8 + - - +
400M ARG* 3.5 9.9 - - - +
402M ALA* 1.3 73.3 - - - +
404M ALA* 1.4 57.9 + - - +
406M HIS* 3.2 5.3 + - + +
407M ILE* 2.9 46.3 + - + +
572M VAL* 4.0 22.3 - - + +
576M GLN* 4.1 32.8 - - + +
577M ILE* 4.5 9.0 - - + -
580M LEU* 4.1 25.4 - - + -
593M PHE* 6.4 0.4 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 404 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
249M VAL* 4.2 5.0 - - + +
250M VAL* 3.9 6.1 - - + -
287M TYR* 3.5 41.7 - - + +
332M ILE* 4.0 14.7 - - + +
335M LEU* 4.3 10.4 - - + +
400M ARG 3.0 10.2 + - - +
401M ASP 3.4 4.2 + - - +
403M LEU* 1.4 73.5 - - - +
405M LYS* 1.3 62.2 + - - +
407M ILE* 3.5 5.8 + - - +
408M TYR* 3.2 24.6 + - - +
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Residues in contact with LYS 405 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
246M LYS* 3.3 46.9 - - + +
247M SER* 4.3 2.4 - - - +
249M VAL* 4.2 14.5 - - + +
250M VAL* 4.1 21.5 - - + -
398M ASN 5.8 0.2 - - - -
401M ASP* 2.9 32.5 + - - +
402M ALA* 3.8 5.4 - - - +
404M ALA* 1.3 73.4 - - - +
406M HIS* 1.4 63.8 + - - +
408M TYR* 3.7 2.5 + - - +
409M ALA* 3.2 23.7 + - - +
566M GLU 5.0 1.4 + - - -
567M LYS* 4.0 13.5 + - - +
569M LYS 2.8 23.6 + - - -
570M ASP* 2.6 32.2 + - - +
636M VAL* 4.0 1.4 - - - +
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Residues in contact with HIS 406 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
246M LYS* 5.0 5.8 - - - +
402M ALA 2.9 22.2 + - - +
403M LEU* 3.6 9.4 - - + +
405M LYS* 1.4 71.0 - - - +
407M ILE* 1.3 64.2 + - + +
409M ALA* 3.3 5.5 + - - +
410M ASN* 2.9 41.0 + - - +
572M VAL* 4.1 16.6 - - + -
577M ILE* 3.7 33.0 - - + +
593M PHE* 3.5 29.6 - + - -
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Residues in contact with ILE 407 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
328M ILE* 3.5 32.3 - - + -
332M ILE* 3.9 15.3 - - + -
335M LEU* 4.7 8.7 - - + -
360M PHE* 5.0 2.5 - - + -
364M MET* 4.3 13.5 - - + -
403M LEU* 2.9 38.8 + - + +
404M ALA* 4.0 3.4 - - - +
406M HIS* 1.3 73.5 - - + +
408M TYR* 1.4 57.8 + - - +
410M ASN* 3.4 1.6 + - - +
411M LEU* 2.9 27.5 + - - +
580M LEU* 3.8 24.5 - - + -
589M LEU* 5.1 0.9 - - + -
592M LEU* 4.4 10.1 - - + +
593M PHE* 4.1 22.7 - - + -
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Residues in contact with TYR 408 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
206M ILE* 2.7 41.4 + - + +
244M LEU* 4.6 11.4 - - + -
249M VAL* 3.7 22.7 - - + -
259M TYR* 3.3 33.8 - + - +
261M ILE* 3.9 3.7 - - + +
262M PHE* 3.5 33.7 - + - -
329M LEU* 3.7 21.5 - - + -
332M ILE* 4.1 8.4 - - + +
404M ALA 3.2 17.5 + - - +
405M LYS 3.9 4.0 - - - +
407M ILE* 1.4 76.8 - - - +
409M ALA* 1.4 56.7 + - - +
411M LEU* 3.8 4.9 - - + +
412M PHE* 2.9 44.3 + + + +
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Residues in contact with ALA 409 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
244M LEU* 5.0 9.6 - - + -
246M LYS* 4.3 18.8 - - + +
405M LYS 3.2 18.1 + - - +
406M HIS* 3.3 6.3 + - - +
408M TYR* 1.4 76.9 - - - +
410M ASN* 1.3 61.1 + - - +
412M PHE* 3.5 6.5 - - - +
413M ASN* 3.0 35.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 410 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
406M HIS* 2.9 45.2 + - - +
407M ILE 3.9 2.9 - - - +
409M ALA* 1.3 78.4 - - - +
411M LEU* 1.3 58.2 + - - +
413M ASN* 3.4 12.3 + - - +
414M TRP* 2.9 28.6 + - - +
592M LEU* 2.8 43.7 + - + +
593M PHE* 3.8 8.6 - - + +
594M GLN 5.0 1.4 - - - +
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Residues in contact with LEU 411 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
325M ILE* 3.9 36.3 - - + +
328M ILE* 3.8 35.9 - - + -
329M LEU* 4.0 22.0 - - + -
332M ILE* 5.1 2.2 - - + -
407M ILE 2.9 21.3 + - - +
408M TYR* 3.8 6.1 - - + +
410M ASN* 1.3 71.4 - - - +
412M PHE* 1.4 62.0 + - - +
414M TRP* 3.3 6.7 + - + +
415M ILE* 3.1 33.6 + - + +
588M LEU* 4.1 13.5 - - + -
592M LEU* 4.0 23.8 - - + +
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Residues in contact with PHE 412 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
203M MET* 4.2 8.1 - - + -
206M ILE* 3.6 55.0 - - + +
207M GLY* 4.0 3.6 - - - -
220M PHE* 4.1 20.6 - + - -
241M THR* 3.7 27.8 - - + -
244M LEU* 3.8 43.5 - - + -
408M TYR* 2.9 25.4 + + + +
409M ALA* 3.5 6.5 - - - +
411M LEU* 1.4 75.5 - - - +
413M ASN* 1.4 72.6 + - - +
415M ILE* 3.5 3.9 + - - +
416M VAL* 3.2 26.7 + - + +
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Residues in contact with ASN 413 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
241M THR* 4.6 6.5 + - - -
409M ALA* 3.0 21.9 + - - +
410M ASN* 3.4 14.7 + - - +
412M PHE* 1.4 83.2 - - - +
414M TRP* 1.4 57.4 + - - +
416M VAL* 3.1 9.2 + - - +
417M ASP* 2.9 37.2 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 414 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
317M ILE* 4.5 8.5 - - + -
321M TYR* 3.3 46.9 - + + -
325M ILE* 4.2 24.0 - - + -
410M ASN 2.9 17.4 + - - +
411M LEU* 3.3 7.4 + - + +
413M ASN* 1.4 74.4 - - - +
415M ILE* 1.3 73.4 + - + +
417M ASP* 3.4 11.6 + - + +
418M HIS* 3.0 68.7 + + + +
588M LEU* 3.5 27.4 - - + +
591M GLU* 4.1 24.6 + - + +
592M LEU* 3.7 15.0 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ILE 415 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
202M ILE* 3.8 28.5 - - + -
203M MET* 5.1 2.5 - - - -
206M ILE* 3.9 35.7 - - + -
317M ILE* 4.7 8.2 - - + +
325M ILE* 4.0 40.8 - - + -
411M LEU* 3.1 24.0 + - + +
412M PHE* 3.8 4.9 - - - +
414M TRP* 1.3 83.2 - - + +
416M VAL* 1.4 58.2 + - - +
418M HIS* 3.3 2.9 + - - +
419M VAL* 2.8 41.5 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 416 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
203M MET* 3.9 23.1 - - + -
206M ILE* 5.1 0.7 - - + -
239M MET* 3.8 24.9 - - + +
241M THR* 3.8 33.4 - - + +
412M PHE* 3.2 16.3 + - + +
413M ASN* 3.1 10.6 + - - +
415M ILE* 1.4 75.0 - - - +
417M ASP* 1.4 62.5 + - - +
419M VAL* 3.5 6.8 + - - +
420M ASN* 2.9 43.5 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 417 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
413M ASN* 2.9 29.4 + - - +
414M TRP* 3.4 13.7 + - + +
416M VAL* 1.4 72.1 - - - +
418M HIS* 1.3 64.1 + - + +
420M ASN* 3.3 13.6 + - - +
421M LYS* 3.2 44.9 + - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 418 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
315M LEU 4.5 8.7 - - - +
317M ILE* 4.8 15.3 - - + +
321M TYR* 5.6 6.0 - + - -
414M TRP* 3.0 70.0 + + + +
415M ILE* 4.1 2.5 - - - +
417M ASP* 1.3 75.7 - - + +
419M VAL* 1.4 64.2 + - - +
421M LYS* 2.9 53.8 + - + +
422M ALA 3.6 4.0 + - - -
591M GLU* 5.7 0.2 + - - -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 419 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
199M SER* 3.8 26.7 - - - -
202M ILE* 4.2 24.0 - - + -
203M MET* 5.4 3.8 - - - -
239M MET* 3.8 18.6 - - + -
315M LEU* 4.1 12.8 - - + +
317M ILE* 4.7 7.2 - - + -
415M ILE* 2.8 39.0 + - + +
416M VAL* 3.8 7.0 - - - +
418M HIS* 1.4 68.9 - - - +
420M ASN* 1.3 63.3 + - - +
422M ALA* 3.2 17.6 + - - +
423M LEU* 3.5 16.5 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 420 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
237M ALA 4.4 0.7 - - - +
238M ASN* 3.5 18.0 + - - +
239M MET* 2.7 51.1 + - - +
416M VAL* 2.9 27.8 + - - +
417M ASP* 3.3 15.6 + - - +
418M HIS 3.3 0.2 - - - -
419M VAL* 1.3 77.0 - - - +
421M LYS* 1.3 56.5 + - + +
423M LEU* 2.9 7.5 + - - +
424M HIS* 2.8 47.5 + - + -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 421 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
414M TRP* 6.0 0.2 - - - -
417M ASP* 3.2 28.8 + - - +
418M HIS* 2.9 54.7 + - + +
420M ASN* 1.3 75.1 - - + +
422M ALA* 1.3 56.1 + - - +
424M HIS* 4.3 22.3 + - + +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 422 (chain M).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
195M LYS* 4.8 13.7 - - - +
315M LEU* 3.4 49.8 - - + +
418M HIS 3.6 2.5 + - - +
419M VAL 3.2 10.4 + - - +
420M ASN 3.2 0.4 - - - -
421M LYS* 1.3 76.0 - - - +
423M LEU* 1.3 60.4 + - - +
424M HIS 3.7 2.4 - - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
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