Contacts of the helix formed by residues 30 - 54 (chain A) in PDB entry 2QV8


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 30 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31A  GLU*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
     32A  ALA*     3.1    10.1    -      -       -      +
     33A  LYS*     3.3    33.5    -      -       +      +
     34A  ILE*     2.9    39.5    +      -       -      +
    167A  TRP*     4.3     6.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 31 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  ASP*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
     32A  ALA*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     34A  ILE*     3.5     9.4    +      -       +      +
     35A  SER*     3.1    26.9    +      -       -      -
     94A  LYS*     3.5    38.3    +      -       +      +
     95A  GLU      4.8     5.4    -      -       -      +
     96A  GLY*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      -
     97A  LEU*     3.6    19.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 32 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  ASP      3.1     6.2    -      -       -      +
     31A  GLU*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
     33A  LYS*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     35A  SER*     3.2     3.1    +      -       -      -
     36A  ALA*     2.9    31.2    +      -       -      +
     97A  LEU*     3.9    25.9    -      -       +      +
    156A  ILE*     3.9    26.1    -      -       -      +
    157A  PHE*     4.5     3.6    -      -       -      -
    158A  PRO*     4.9     7.0    -      -       +      -
    167A  TRP*     3.9    15.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 33 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  ASP*     3.3    24.6    -      -       -      +
     32A  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
     34A  ILE*     1.3    65.1    +      -       +      +
     36A  ALA*     3.2     3.1    +      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     2.9    52.7    +      -       -      +
    167A  TRP*     3.6    51.2    -      -       +      +
    179A  LEU*     6.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
     52B  LEU      5.7     2.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 34 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  ASP*     2.9    34.5    +      -       -      +
     31A  GLU*     3.8    10.3    -      -       +      +
     33A  LYS*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
     35A  SER*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     3.4    15.8    +      -       -      +
     38A  SER*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 35 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     31A  GLU      3.1    17.9    +      -       -      -
     32A  ALA      3.2     4.0    +      -       -      -
     34A  ILE*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
     36A  ALA*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
     38A  SER*     3.3     9.0    +      -       -      -
     39A  PHE*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      +
     68A  LEU*     5.9     0.3    -      -       -      +
     93A  LEU*     3.9    26.4    -      -       -      +
     94A  LYS*     5.4     2.4    +      -       -      +
     97A  LEU*     3.5    12.8    -      -       -      +
    156A  ILE*     3.8    13.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 36 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32A  ALA      2.9    16.1    +      -       -      +
     33A  LYS      3.7     3.8    -      -       -      +
     35A  SER*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
     39A  PHE*     3.2     1.6    +      -       -      -
     40A  TYR*     2.9    24.8    +      -       -      +
    156A  ILE*     3.7    15.4    -      -       +      +
    167A  TRP*     4.0    23.6    -      -       +      -
    168A  ARG*     5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
    169A  VAL*     3.4    12.0    -      -       +      +
    179A  LEU*     3.6    22.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 37 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33A  LYS*     2.9    45.1    +      -       +      +
     34A  ILE*     3.6    21.4    -      -       -      +
     36A  ALA*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
     38A  SER*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
     40A  TYR*     3.3     6.8    +      -       -      +
     41A  GLN*     2.9    46.8    +      -       -      +
    179A  LEU*     4.0    20.7    -      -       +      +
     52B  LEU*     4.3    29.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 38 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     34A  ILE*     2.9    16.3    +      -       -      -
     35A  SER*     3.4    12.6    -      -       -      -
     36A  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     37A  GLN*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     39A  PHE*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     41A  GLN*     3.3    13.4    +      -       -      +
     42A  ARG*     3.0    59.4    +      -       -      +
     91A  THR*     4.7     5.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 39 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35A  SER      3.0    15.1    +      -       -      +
     36A  ALA*     3.2     4.9    +      -       -      +
     38A  SER*     1.3    72.9    +      -       -      +
     40A  TYR*     1.3    60.1    +      -       -      +
     42A  ARG*     3.2     4.6    +      -       -      +
     43A  LEU*     2.8    42.2    +      -       +      +
     59A  VAL*     4.0    24.5    -      -       +      -
     61A  ILE*     6.0     0.4    -      -       +      -
     68A  LEU*     3.9    27.1    -      -       +      -
     70A  PHE*     4.0    17.9    -      +       -      -
    141A  LEU*     4.5    10.8    -      -       +      -
    152A  PHE*     3.8    26.5    -      +       -      -
    154A  LEU*     3.6    22.2    -      -       +      -
    156A  ILE*     4.8     0.7    -      -       +      -
    169A  VAL*     3.6    37.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 40 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36A  ALA      2.9    17.1    +      -       -      +
     37A  GLN*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
     39A  PHE*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
     41A  GLN*     1.3    64.0    +      -       +      +
     43A  LEU*     3.8     1.5    -      -       -      +
     44A  LEU*     3.1    68.1    +      -       +      +
    169A  VAL*     3.9    20.6    -      -       +      -
    177A  LEU*     4.1     7.8    +      -       +      -
    178A  ARG*     3.9    16.7    -      -       -      -
    179A  LEU*     3.7    32.5    -      -       +      -
     48B  GLU*     4.4     3.5    -      -       +      -
     51B  ILE*     3.8    31.4    -      -       +      +
     52B  LEU*     3.9    39.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 41 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37A  GLN*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
     38A  SER*     3.7    11.5    -      -       -      +
     40A  TYR*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
     42A  ARG*     1.3    60.2    +      -       +      +
     44A  LEU*     3.6     2.3    +      -       -      +
     45A  LEU*     3.0    29.2    +      -       -      +
     48B  GLU*     3.4    26.1    +      -       -      +
     52B  LEU*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 42 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38A  SER*     3.0    40.7    +      -       -      +
     39A  PHE*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
     41A  GLN*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
     43A  LEU*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
     45A  LEU*     3.3     2.6    +      -       -      +
     46A  LEU*     2.8    31.2    +      -       -      +
     70A  PHE*     3.8    34.4    -      -       +      -
     87A  MSE      3.9    26.8    -      -       +      +
     88A  THR*     2.8    54.0    +      -       -      +
     91A  THR*     3.5    20.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 43 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39A  PHE*     2.8    30.6    +      -       +      +
     40A  TYR      3.8     3.8    -      -       -      +
     42A  ARG*     1.3    70.5    -      -       -      +
     44A  LEU*     1.3    66.1    +      -       +      +
     46A  LEU*     3.3     4.5    +      -       +      +
     47A  ASN*     2.9    24.1    +      -       -      +
     59A  VAL*     4.5    13.0    -      -       +      -
     70A  PHE*     4.7     3.2    -      -       -      -
    141A  LEU*     5.6     1.3    -      -       +      -
    143A  VAL*     3.9    27.6    -      -       +      -
    149A  VAL*     4.5    12.1    -      -       +      -
    152A  PHE*     3.7    33.2    -      -       +      -
    169A  VAL*     4.1    15.0    -      -       +      -
    171A  ALA*     5.1     0.2    -      -       +      -
    177A  LEU*     4.2    27.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 44 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40A  TYR*     3.1    77.6    +      -       +      +
     41A  GLN      4.0     3.1    -      -       -      +
     43A  LEU*     1.3    80.2    -      -       +      +
     45A  LEU*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     47A  ASN*     3.4     8.4    +      -       -      +
     48A  GLU*     3.0    24.8    +      -       -      +
    177A  LEU*     3.8    27.4    -      -       +      -
     44B  LEU*     4.8    15.6    -      -       +      +
     47B  ASN*     6.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
     48B  GLU*     3.9    31.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 45 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41A  GLN      3.0    18.4    +      -       -      +
     42A  ARG*     3.7     4.7    -      -       -      +
     43A  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     44A  LEU*     1.3    75.8    -      -       -      +
     46A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     48A  GLU*     3.1    27.3    +      -       +      +
     49A  GLU*     2.8    30.5    +      -       -      +
     82A  TRP*     5.4     3.4    -      -       +      -
     86A  LYS*     3.9    46.4    -      -       +      +
     87A  MSE      4.1    21.1    -      -       +      -
     41B  GLN*     6.2     0.4    -      -       -      +
     44B  LEU*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 46 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42A  ARG      2.8    15.8    +      -       -      +
     43A  LEU*     3.3     6.7    +      -       +      +
     45A  LEU*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
     47A  ASN*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     49A  GLU*     3.2     5.0    +      -       -      +
     50A  ALA*     2.9    28.9    +      -       -      +
     57A  PHE*     3.7    29.6    -      -       +      -
     58A  GLY      3.7    22.7    -      -       -      +
     59A  VAL*     3.8    20.4    -      -       +      -
     70A  PHE*     4.2    11.9    -      -       +      -
     71A  LEU      4.8     1.1    -      -       -      +
     82A  TRP*     3.6    34.1    -      -       +      -
     87A  MSE      4.4     9.6    -      -       +      -
    143A  VAL*     3.8    18.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 47 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  LEU*     2.9    16.4    +      -       +      +
     44A  LEU*     3.6     6.3    -      -       -      +
     46A  LEU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
     48A  GLU*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
     50A  ALA*     3.4     3.3    +      -       -      +
     51A  ILE*     3.1    37.8    +      -       -      +
    143A  VAL*     3.5    15.1    -      -       +      +
    144A  LEU      4.9     0.8    +      -       -      -
    147A  GLY*     3.4    35.6    +      -       -      -
    149A  VAL*     3.9    10.7    -      -       +      +
    177A  LEU*     4.3    22.1    -      -       +      +
     40B  TYR*     5.0     1.4    +      -       -      -
     44B  LEU*     5.2     5.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 48 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  LEU      3.0    13.6    +      -       -      +
     45A  LEU*     3.1    30.9    -      -       -      +
     47A  ASN*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
     49A  GLU*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
     51A  ILE*     3.2     2.6    +      -       -      +
     52A  LEU*     2.8    47.6    +      -       +      +
     86A  LYS*     6.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     40B  TYR*     4.0    18.8    -      -       +      -
     41B  GLN*     3.1    42.4    +      -       -      +
     44B  LEU*     3.8    32.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 49 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45A  LEU*     2.8    22.4    +      -       -      +
     46A  LEU*     3.5     7.4    -      -       -      +
     48A  GLU*     1.3    72.7    -      -       -      +
     50A  ALA*     1.3    53.0    +      -       -      +
     52A  LEU*     3.8     8.8    -      -       -      +
     53A  SER*     2.6    50.2    +      -       -      +
     55A  GLN*     5.1     1.7    -      -       -      +
     57A  PHE*     3.6    17.5    -      -       +      -
     82A  TRP*     3.6    36.0    +      -       +      -
     86A  LYS*     3.0    34.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 50 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     46A  LEU      2.9    13.2    +      -       -      +
     47A  ASN      3.6     8.5    -      -       -      +
     48A  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     49A  GLU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
     51A  ILE*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
     54A  GLY*     2.8    32.4    +      -       -      -
     55A  GLN      3.2    21.8    -      -       -      +
     57A  PHE*     3.9     5.8    -      -       +      -
    143A  VAL*     3.6    15.3    -      -       +      +
    144A  LEU      3.5    23.3    -      -       -      +
    145A  SER*     3.4     8.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 51 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47A  ASN*     3.1    29.6    +      -       -      +
     48A  GLU      3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
     50A  ALA*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
     52A  LEU*     1.3    63.1    +      -       -      +
     54A  GLY*     3.9     5.0    +      -       -      -
    144A  LEU      5.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    145A  SER      3.7    18.3    -      -       -      +
    146A  SER      4.7     1.3    -      -       -      -
    147A  GLY*     3.9    22.2    -      -       -      +
     40B  TYR*     3.2    36.1    -      -       +      +
    177B  LEU      5.5     3.6    -      -       -      +
    178B  ARG*     6.5     0.7    -      -       -      -
    179B  LEU*     4.4    25.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 52 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  GLU*     2.8    37.4    +      -       +      +
     49A  GLU*     3.9    15.5    -      -       -      +
     51A  ILE*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     53A  SER*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
     86A  LYS*     4.7     2.0    -      -       -      +
     33B  LYS*     5.1     5.4    +      -       -      -
     37B  GLN*     3.2    61.4    +      -       +      +
     40B  TYR*     4.0    12.3    -      -       +      -
     41B  GLN*     3.5    32.3    -      -       +      +
    179B  LEU*     4.0    12.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 53 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49A  GLU*     2.6    39.5    +      -       -      -
     52A  LEU*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     54A  GLY*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     55A  GLN*     3.1    43.5    +      -       -      +
     57A  PHE*     3.9     2.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 54 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  ALA      2.8    13.3    +      -       -      -
     51A  ILE      3.9     3.6    +      -       -      -
     52A  LEU      3.5     2.4    -      -       -      -
     53A  SER*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
     55A  GLN*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
     56A  ASP*     4.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
    145A  SER*     3.5    21.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il