Contacts of the helix formed by residues 28 - 49 (chain F) in PDB entry 2VT5


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with GLY 28 (chain F).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27F  THR*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
     29F  GLU*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
     31F  THR      3.5     0.4    +      -       -      -
     32F  GLN*     3.0    33.1    +      -       -      +
   1337F  ROK      3.0    36.6    +      -       -      -
     18H  MET*     3.3    17.4    -      -       -      +
     22H  ARG*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      -
   1337H  ROK      4.6     0.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 29 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27F  THR*     3.5    10.9    +      -       -      +
     28F  GLY*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     30F  LEU*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
     32F  GLN*     3.5     4.7    +      -       -      +
     33F  LEU*     3.1    21.3    +      -       -      +
     89F  PHE      4.2     9.6    -      -       -      +
     90F  ALA*     3.2    31.8    -      -       +      +
    111F  GLY*     3.5     4.6    -      -       -      -
    112F  LYS*     2.7    58.2    +      -       -      +
    113F  TYR*     4.0     6.1    -      -       +      -
   1337F  ROK      3.2     1.2    +      -       -      +
     22H  ARG*     3.2    35.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 30 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29F  GLU*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     31F  THR*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
     33F  LEU*     3.4     5.6    +      -       +      +
     34F  LEU*     2.9    48.1    +      -       +      +
    113F  TYR*     3.7    22.2    -      -       +      +
    138F  ILE*     4.3    23.8    -      -       +      -
    140F  ARG*     5.0     0.9    -      -       -      +
    160F  VAL*     4.1    30.5    -      -       +      -
    161F  ALA*     4.8     2.2    -      -       +      -
    177F  MET*     4.4    12.8    -      -       -      -
   1337F  ROK      2.9    49.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 31 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14F  THR      4.8     2.2    -      -       -      +
     17F  VAL*     3.4    25.8    -      -       +      +
     18F  MET*     3.8    22.8    -      -       +      +
     28F  GLY      3.6     8.5    -      -       -      -
     29F  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     30F  LEU*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     32F  GLN*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
     34F  LEU*     3.2     1.6    +      -       -      +
     35F  ASN*     2.8    46.0    +      -       -      +
   1337F  ROK      2.6    32.6    +      -       -      -
     18H  MET*     3.5    19.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 32 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     28F  GLY      3.0    17.1    +      -       -      +
     29F  GLU*     3.5    11.8    -      -       -      +
     31F  THR*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     33F  LEU*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     35F  ASN*     3.4     6.2    +      -       -      +
     36F  SER*     3.0    25.8    +      -       -      -
     88F  SER*     3.6    27.9    -      -       -      +
     89F  PHE*     4.9     3.3    -      -       -      +
     90F  ALA*     4.7     0.4    -      -       +      -
     15H  ARG*     5.5    10.6    +      -       +      +
     18H  MET*     3.8    33.0    +      -       +      +
     19H  GLU*     3.7    17.6    +      -       -      +
     22H  ARG*     3.0    48.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 33 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     29F  GLU      3.1    10.3    +      -       -      +
     30F  LEU*     3.7     7.4    -      -       +      +
     32F  GLN*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     34F  LEU*     1.3    63.2    +      -       +      +
     36F  SER*     3.3     4.2    +      -       -      -
     37F  LEU*     2.9    28.7    +      -       +      +
     85F  LEU*     3.6    19.8    -      -       +      +
     88F  SER*     4.0    12.1    -      -       -      +
     90F  ALA*     3.5    14.8    -      -       +      +
     91F  THR*     3.7    17.0    -      -       +      -
    113F  TYR*     3.6    37.5    -      -       +      -
    115F  VAL*     3.9    10.1    -      -       +      -
    138F  ILE*     3.7    32.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 34 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13F  LEU*     4.8     8.1    -      -       +      +
     17F  VAL*     3.9    36.1    -      -       +      -
     30F  LEU*     2.9    39.3    +      -       +      +
     31F  THR      3.9     2.7    -      -       -      +
     33F  LEU*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
     35F  ASN*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
     37F  LEU*     3.6    10.3    -      -       +      +
     38F  CYS*     2.9    29.6    +      -       -      +
    136F  PHE*     4.3     9.0    -      -       +      -
    138F  ILE*     3.7    25.1    -      -       +      -
    161F  ALA*     5.1     0.4    -      -       +      -
    173F  LEU*     6.5     0.4    -      -       +      -
    175F  LEU*     4.1    29.6    -      -       +      -
    177F  MET*     4.4     6.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 35 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13F  LEU*     5.8     1.6    -      -       -      +
     14F  THR*     3.2    38.0    +      -       -      +
     17F  VAL*     5.6     1.6    -      -       -      +
     31F  THR*     2.8    32.0    +      -       -      +
     32F  GLN*     3.6     6.2    -      -       -      +
     34F  LEU*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     36F  SER*     1.3    66.0    +      -       -      +
     38F  CYS*     3.2     9.8    +      -       -      +
     39F  THR*     3.0    26.5    +      -       -      -
     14H  THR*     3.4    32.1    -      -       +      +
     15H  ARG*     5.4     5.8    -      -       +      +
     18H  MET*     4.2     7.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 36 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     32F  GLN      3.0     9.4    +      -       -      -
     33F  LEU      3.4     8.7    -      -       -      -
     35F  ASN*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     37F  LEU*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     39F  THR*     3.2     5.4    +      -       -      -
     40F  ALA      3.0    17.7    +      -       -      -
     84F  MET*     3.4    40.9    -      -       -      +
     85F  LEU*     4.3     1.8    -      -       -      -
     88F  SER*     3.1    19.0    -      -       -      -
     15H  ARG*     3.1    25.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 37 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33F  LEU*     2.9    24.4    +      -       +      +
     34F  LEU*     3.6    16.4    -      -       +      +
     36F  SER*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     38F  CYS*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
     40F  ALA*     3.2     6.5    +      -       +      +
     41F  VAL*     2.9    43.5    +      -       +      +
     81F  VAL*     4.0    33.0    -      -       +      -
     84F  MET*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     85F  LEU*     4.2    14.3    -      -       +      +
    115F  VAL*     5.5     1.8    -      -       +      -
    117F  PHE*     5.9     0.4    -      -       +      -
    134F  THR*     5.0     4.5    -      -       +      -
    136F  PHE*     3.6    54.3    -      -       +      -
    138F  ILE*     5.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
    173F  LEU*     5.9     2.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 38 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13F  LEU*     3.5    25.6    -      -       +      -
     14F  THR*     4.9     9.4    -      -       -      -
     34F  LEU      2.9    18.6    +      -       -      +
     35F  ASN*     3.2     9.4    +      -       -      +
     37F  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     39F  THR*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
     41F  VAL*     3.3     8.8    +      -       -      +
     42F  LYS*     3.1    44.6    +      -       -      +
    173F  LEU*     4.4     4.2    -      -       +      +
    193F  PHE*     3.6    24.9    -      -       +      -
    192H  GLU*     4.9     2.5    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 39 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     35F  ASN      3.0    13.5    +      -       -      -
     36F  SER*     3.2     9.7    +      -       -      -
     38F  CYS*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     40F  ALA*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
     42F  LYS*     3.5     6.4    +      -       -      +
     43F  ALA*     3.2    20.8    +      -       -      +
     84F  MET*     3.5    26.2    -      -       +      +
     59G  ILE*     4.0    16.3    -      -       +      +
     12H  THR*     4.7     8.9    +      -       +      +
    190H  ILE*     4.7     1.8    -      -       +      +
    192H  GLU*     2.8    42.2    +      -       +      -
    194H  ILE*     5.9     0.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 40 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36F  SER      3.0    12.0    +      -       -      +
     37F  LEU*     3.2    11.9    +      -       +      +
     39F  THR*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
     41F  VAL*     1.3    52.4    +      -       -      +
     43F  ALA*     3.1     9.6    +      -       -      +
     44F  ILE*     2.8    38.2    +      -       -      +
     80F  LEU*     3.9    26.6    -      -       +      +
     81F  VAL*     3.9    23.3    -      -       +      +
     84F  MET*     3.9     9.1    -      -       +      +
     59G  ILE*     5.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 41 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37F  LEU*     2.9    33.2    +      -       +      +
     38F  CYS*     3.6     7.4    -      -       -      +
     39F  THR      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     40F  ALA*     1.3    76.6    -      -       +      +
     42F  LYS*     1.3    55.4    +      -       -      +
     44F  ILE*     3.3     2.6    +      -       +      -
     45F  SER*     2.8    27.4    +      -       -      -
    134F  THR*     4.6    13.7    -      -       +      +
    136F  PHE*     5.9     2.9    -      -       +      -
    165F  ALA*     3.5    31.2    -      -       +      -
    167F  TYR*     3.5    20.5    +      -       +      +
    171F  THR*     4.7     2.2    -      -       +      -
    173F  LEU*     4.4     9.4    -      -       +      -
    193F  PHE*     3.5    24.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 42 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     38F  CYS*     3.1    36.0    +      -       -      +
     39F  THR*     3.9     6.1    -      -       -      +
     41F  VAL*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
     43F  ALA*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
     45F  SER*     3.6     8.1    -      -       -      -
     46F  SER*     3.0    28.9    +      -       -      -
    186F  LEU*     3.7    25.6    -      -       +      +
    191F  GLY*     3.0    26.6    +      -       -      +
    192F  GLU*     5.0     1.6    +      -       -      +
    193F  PHE*     3.5    17.9    -      -       +      -
     42H  LYS*     4.4     1.6    -      -       -      +
    189H  ALA      4.5     1.4    -      -       -      +
    190H  ILE*     3.0    28.7    +      -       +      +
    191H  GLY      3.3    11.9    +      -       -      -
    192H  GLU*     2.8    29.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 43 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     39F  THR      3.2    11.2    +      -       -      +
     40F  ALA      3.1     9.8    +      -       -      +
     42F  LYS*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     44F  ILE*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
     46F  SER*     3.5     3.8    +      -       -      -
     47F  ALA*     3.2    22.7    +      -       -      +
     80F  LEU*     3.6    21.5    -      -       +      +
     55G  HIS*     4.8     9.6    +      -       -      +
     59G  ILE*     3.7    23.3    -      -       +      -
    190H  ILE*     3.5    15.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 44 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40F  ALA      2.8    24.7    +      -       -      +
     41F  VAL*     3.3     2.7    +      -       -      +
     43F  ALA*     1.3    69.5    -      -       -      +
     45F  SER*     1.3    54.5    +      -       -      +
     47F  ALA*     3.0     5.9    +      -       -      +
     48F  VAL*     2.7    44.0    +      -       +      +
     77F  SER*     3.5    33.0    -      -       -      +
     80F  LEU*     3.8    16.4    -      -       +      -
     81F  VAL*     3.7    29.2    -      -       +      -
    119F  PRO      4.1     2.9    -      -       -      +
    120F  LEU*     3.8     4.5    -      -       +      -
    134F  THR*     3.9    14.8    -      -       +      +
    167F  TYR*     3.4    34.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 45 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     41F  VAL      2.8    20.6    +      -       -      -
     42F  LYS      3.6     5.8    -      -       -      -
     44F  ILE*     1.3    72.8    -      -       -      +
     46F  SER*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
     48F  VAL*     3.2     3.0    +      -       -      +
     49F  ARG*     2.9    44.4    +      -       -      +
    167F  TYR*     3.7    19.9    -      -       -      -
    171F  THR*     2.8    22.7    +      -       -      -
    186F  LEU*     3.6    20.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 46 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     42F  LYS      3.0    18.3    +      -       -      -
     43F  ALA      3.6     5.8    -      -       -      -
     44F  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     45F  SER*     1.3    74.9    +      -       -      +
     47F  ALA*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
     49F  ARG*     3.6     5.5    +      -       -      +
     50F  LYS      3.3     4.0    +      -       -      -
     51F  ALA*     3.2    40.3    +      -       -      +
    189H  ALA*     3.4    31.8    +      -       -      +
    190H  ILE*     4.2     6.1    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 47 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43F  ALA      3.2     9.3    +      -       -      +
     44F  ILE*     3.0     9.6    +      -       -      +
     46F  SER*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
     48F  VAL*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
     50F  LYS*     3.0    26.2    +      -       -      +
     51F  ALA*     4.8     7.0    -      -       -      +
     73F  LEU*     3.9    25.3    -      -       +      +
     76F  LEU*     4.0    20.0    -      -       +      -
     80F  LEU*     5.7     0.2    -      -       +      -
     55G  HIS*     6.1     2.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 48 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    169E  SER*     3.3    38.6    +      -       -      +
    170E  ALA*     3.6     9.0    -      -       -      +
     44F  ILE*     2.7    40.3    +      -       +      +
     45F  SER*     3.6     6.1    -      -       -      +
     47F  ALA*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
     49F  ARG*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     50F  LYS*     3.3    12.0    +      -       -      +
     73F  LEU*     4.3    14.3    -      -       +      +
     77F  SER*     5.2     0.4    -      -       -      +
    120F  LEU*     3.9    26.5    -      -       +      -
    126F  ILE*     4.7     3.3    -      -       +      +
    132F  VAL*     3.9    11.9    -      -       +      -
    167F  TYR*     3.9    14.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 49 (chain F). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49E  ARG*     3.6    28.6    -      -       +      +
    168E  GLY      3.3     7.3    +      -       -      -
    169E  SER*     2.7    36.3    +      -       -      +
    170E  ALA*     3.8     8.0    -      -       -      +
    171E  THR      5.0     0.9    +      -       -      -
    186E  LEU      3.8     3.3    -      -       -      +
    188E  PRO*     3.3    26.3    -      -       +      +
     45F  SER*     2.9    34.0    +      -       -      +
     46F  SER*     4.0     6.1    -      -       -      +
     47F  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     48F  VAL*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
     50F  LYS*     1.3    69.0    +      -       -      +
     51F  ALA      3.5     1.1    -      -       -      -
    167F  TYR*     3.8     9.3    -      -       -      +
    168F  GLY      2.8    31.3    +      -       -      +
    169F  SER      3.9     2.6    +      -       -      -
    170F  ALA*     3.2    21.2    -      -       -      +
    171F  THR*     3.1    27.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il