Contacts of the helix formed by residues 206 - 229 (chain D) in PDB entry 3AP3


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 206 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    203D  ASP*     2.9    34.4    +      -       -      +
    204D  LEU      3.2     2.9    -      -       -      -
    205D  SER*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
    207D  TYR*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
    208D  ARG*     3.2    14.0    +      -       -      +
    209D  ASP*     2.9    24.5    +      -       -      +
    210D  CYS*     3.2    12.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 207 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189D  VAL*     3.8     9.6    -      -       +      -
    190D  HIS*     3.5    35.9    +      -       +      -
    193D  ILE*     3.6    48.2    -      -       +      +
    194D  THR*     4.0     7.3    -      -       -      +
    204D  LEU      5.2     1.6    -      -       -      -
    205D  SER      5.4     2.5    -      -       -      -
    206D  SER*     1.3    70.0    -      -       -      +
    208D  ARG*     1.3    68.1    +      -       -      +
    210D  CYS*     3.1     2.9    +      -       -      +
    211D  LEU*     2.8    38.5    +      -       +      +
    304D  HIS*     4.2    20.3    +      -       -      +
    305D  ILE*     4.2    24.9    -      -       +      -
    306D  PRO*     3.8    28.7    -      -       +      +
    309D  VAL*     4.4     5.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 208 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    206D  SER*     3.2     9.6    +      -       -      +
    207D  TYR*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    209D  ASP*     1.3    51.9    +      -       -      +
    211D  LEU*     3.2     5.9    +      -       -      +
    212D  THR*     2.6    46.1    +      -       -      +
    308D  ASP*     3.6    30.3    +      -       -      +
    309D  VAL*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
    311D  ARG*     5.0     0.4    -      -       -      +
    312D  ASP*     2.5    34.7    +      -       -      +
    316D  ILE*     3.5    32.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 209 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    201D  GLY      5.4     0.6    -      -       -      +
    202D  PHE*     3.8     4.5    -      -       -      -
    203D  ASP*     2.8    40.1    +      -       +      +
    206D  SER*     2.9    26.2    +      -       -      +
    208D  ARG*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
    210D  CYS*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    211D  LEU      3.0     0.5    +      -       -      -
    212D  THR*     3.0     9.7    +      -       -      -
    213D  LYS*     2.7    52.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 210 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189D  VAL*     3.8    22.1    -      -       +      +
    192D  MET*     4.6     4.9    -      -       -      -
    193D  ILE*     3.9    18.2    -      -       -      -
    202D  PHE*     3.7    18.9    -      -       +      -
    203D  ASP      3.0    39.0    -      -       -      -
    204D  LEU*     4.1     5.2    -      -       -      -
    206D  SER      3.2     6.3    +      -       -      +
    207D  TYR      3.1     7.0    +      -       -      +
    209D  ASP*     1.3    82.6    +      -       -      +
    211D  LEU*     1.3    53.1    +      -       -      +
    213D  LYS*     3.2     6.0    -      -       -      +
    214D  TRP*     2.6    35.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 211 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185D  GLY*     4.4    13.2    -      -       -      +
    186D  ARG*     4.4    12.6    -      -       +      +
    189D  VAL*     3.9    26.9    -      -       +      -
    207D  TYR*     2.8    32.1    +      -       +      +
    208D  ARG      4.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
    210D  CYS*     1.3    72.4    -      -       -      +
    212D  THR*     1.3    67.3    +      -       -      +
    213D  LYS      3.0     1.1    -      -       -      -
    214D  TRP*     3.5    11.1    -      -       +      +
    215D  ASN*     2.9    25.6    +      -       -      +
    305D  ILE*     5.1     4.5    -      -       +      -
    309D  VAL*     3.6    29.4    -      -       +      -
    313D  MET*     4.9     9.4    -      -       +      -
    316D  ILE*     3.5    19.8    -      -       +      +
    317D  ALA*     4.8    14.5    -      -       +      +
    320D  LEU*     5.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 212 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    208D  ARG*     2.6    27.4    +      -       -      +
    209D  ASP*     3.2    10.8    -      -       -      -
    211D  LEU*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    213D  LYS*     1.3    63.7    +      -       +      +
    215D  ASN*     3.4     4.3    -      -       -      +
    216D  LYS*     3.3    22.0    +      -       -      +
    316D  ILE*     3.8    20.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 213 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    299B  SER*     6.1     3.2    -      -       -      -
    302B  THR*     5.9     4.6    -      -       -      +
    331B  PRO*     6.0     3.6    -      -       -      +
    201D  GLY*     3.4    21.3    +      -       -      +
    202D  PHE*     3.2    42.1    -      -       +      -
    209D  ASP*     2.7    30.5    +      -       -      +
    210D  CYS*     3.2     2.2    -      -       -      +
    212D  THR*     1.3    79.4    -      -       +      +
    214D  TRP*     1.3    66.5    +      -       -      +
    215D  ASN      3.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    216D  LYS*     3.3     7.7    +      -       -      +
    217D  ALA*     3.0    23.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 214 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  VAL*     4.0    31.2    -      -       +      +
     79D  SER*     5.1     1.6    +      -       -      -
    182D  VAL*     6.0     0.2    -      -       +      -
    183D  ARG      3.8    12.1    +      -       -      -
    184D  ASP*     5.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    185D  GLY*     3.3    40.5    -      -       -      -
    188D  SER*     4.3    10.2    +      -       -      -
    189D  VAL*     4.0    12.8    -      -       +      -
    192D  MET*     5.9     0.4    -      -       +      -
    202D  PHE*     3.6     9.1    -      -       +      -
    210D  CYS      2.6    20.5    +      -       -      +
    211D  LEU*     3.5     9.6    -      -       +      +
    213D  LYS*     1.3    70.4    -      -       -      +
    215D  ASN*     1.3    79.4    +      -       +      +
    217D  ALA*     3.2     7.1    +      -       -      +
    218D  ILE*     2.8    56.2    +      -       +      +
    317D  ALA*     4.0    23.8    -      -       +      -
    319D  MET*     4.1     9.0    -      -       +      -
    320D  LEU*     4.2    23.6    -      -       +      -
    323D  LEU*     4.3    15.3    -      -       +      -
    325D  TYR*     5.9     0.4    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 215 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    211D  LEU      2.9    17.5    +      -       -      +
    212D  THR*     3.4     7.3    -      -       -      +
    214D  TRP*     1.3    88.2    -      -       +      +
    216D  LYS*     1.3    57.9    +      -       -      +
    218D  ILE*     3.1     5.4    -      -       -      +
    219D  GLU*     2.7    47.5    +      -       -      +
    316D  ILE      4.0    12.3    -      -       -      +
    317D  ALA*     3.7     3.6    -      -       -      +
    318D  PRO*     3.6    18.2    -      -       -      +
    319D  MET*     3.2    42.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 216 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    346B  GLN*     6.1     3.1    -      -       -      +
    349B  LEU*     5.7     8.3    -      -       -      +
    212D  THR*     3.3    10.1    +      -       +      +
    213D  LYS*     3.3    10.1    +      -       -      +
    215D  ASN*     1.3    83.4    +      -       -      +
    217D  ALA*     1.3    68.5    +      -       -      +
    219D  GLU*     3.4    33.8    +      -       -      +
    220D  VAL*     3.1    46.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 217 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  VAL*     4.0    15.9    -      -       +      -
    161D  PHE*     4.6    17.0    -      -       +      -
    164D  LYS*     5.0    11.5    -      -       -      +
    202D  PHE*     4.8     7.6    -      -       +      -
    213D  LYS      3.0    13.1    +      -       -      +
    214D  TRP*     3.3    10.8    -      -       -      +
    216D  LYS*     1.3    78.8    -      -       -      +
    218D  ILE*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    220D  VAL*     3.1    13.7    +      -       -      +
    221D  MET*     3.2    19.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 218 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76D  VAL*     4.4    13.5    -      -       +      +
    180D  LEU*     5.4     4.5    -      -       +      -
    181D  MET      5.6     4.9    -      -       -      +
    182D  VAL*     4.9    12.1    -      -       +      -
    214D  TRP*     2.8    41.4    +      -       +      +
    215D  ASN*     3.1    16.4    -      -       -      +
    217D  ALA*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
    219D  GLU*     1.3    67.8    +      -       -      +
    221D  MET*     3.1    11.7    +      -       +      +
    222D  TYR*     2.9    33.5    +      -       +      +
    319D  MET*     3.8    22.9    -      -       +      -
    323D  LEU*     3.6    33.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 219 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    215D  ASN*     2.7    29.7    +      -       -      +
    216D  LYS*     3.5    40.4    +      -       -      +
    218D  ILE*     1.3    73.0    -      -       -      +
    220D  VAL*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    222D  TYR*     3.6     2.8    +      -       -      +
    223D  ALA*     3.2    19.3    +      -       +      +
    319D  MET*     3.8    30.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 220 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164D  LYS*     4.1    34.1    -      -       -      +
    216D  LYS*     3.1    39.9    -      -       +      +
    217D  ALA*     3.1     7.8    +      -       -      +
    219D  GLU*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
    221D  MET*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    222D  TYR      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
    223D  ALA*     2.7    30.0    +      -       +      +
    224D  GLN*     3.0    21.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 221 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     75D  GLY*     3.4    28.9    -      -       -      -
     76D  VAL*     3.7    28.5    -      -       +      +
    160D  PRO      4.3     0.7    -      -       -      +
    161D  PHE*     3.5    41.5    -      -       +      -
    163D  LEU*     4.1    24.8    -      -       -      +
    164D  LYS*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      -
    166D  SER*     4.8     0.3    +      -       -      -
    180D  LEU*     3.7    20.7    -      -       +      +
    217D  ALA*     3.2    11.6    +      -       +      +
    218D  ILE*     3.1    11.7    +      -       +      +
    220D  VAL*     1.3    80.0    -      -       -      +
    222D  TYR*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
    224D  GLN*     3.3     5.2    -      -       -      +
    225D  CYS*     3.0    27.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 222 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    180D  LEU*     4.1    17.2    -      -       +      +
    182D  VAL*     5.5     1.1    -      -       +      -
    218D  ILE*     2.9    19.0    +      -       +      +
    219D  GLU      3.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    221D  MET*     1.3    74.5    -      -       -      +
    223D  ALA*     1.3    67.3    +      -       -      +
    225D  CYS*     2.9     3.5    +      -       -      +
    226D  MET*     2.8    67.7    +      -       +      +
    235D  PRO*     4.5    17.5    -      -       +      +
    237D  TYR*     4.9     5.8    +      -       -      -
    319D  MET*     4.4    15.9    -      -       +      -
    322D  GLN      5.5     3.6    +      -       -      -
    323D  LEU*     3.6    31.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 223 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    219D  GLU*     3.2     9.9    +      -       +      +
    220D  VAL*     2.7    17.4    +      -       +      +
    222D  TYR*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    224D  GLN*     1.3    51.8    +      -       +      +
    226D  MET*     3.3     7.0    +      -       -      +
    227D  GLU*     2.8    40.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 224 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163D  LEU      3.9     4.5    -      -       -      +
    164D  LYS      3.0    21.6    +      -       -      +
    165D  SER*     3.0     2.2    -      -       -      +
    166D  SER*     2.7    45.1    +      -       -      +
    167D  VAL*     2.8    35.7    +      -       -      +
    220D  VAL*     3.0    18.5    +      -       +      +
    221D  MET*     3.3     9.9    -      -       -      +
    223D  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
    225D  CYS*     1.3    52.7    +      -       -      +
    227D  GLU*     3.0     7.3    +      -       -      +
    228D  VAL*     2.6    41.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 225 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163D  LEU*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
    166D  SER*     4.9     2.2    -      -       -      +
    180D  LEU*     3.6    18.8    -      -       +      -
    221D  MET      3.0    10.7    +      -       -      +
    222D  TYR*     2.9     8.0    +      -       +      +
    224D  GLN*     1.3    79.9    -      -       -      +
    226D  MET*     1.3    64.1    +      -       +      +
    228D  VAL*     3.4     5.9    -      -       -      +
    229D  GLY*     3.0    24.9    +      -       -      +
    233D  CYS*     2.0    59.2    -      -       -      +
    234D  LEU      4.2     1.3    -      -       -      -
    235D  PRO*     4.2    17.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 226 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    222D  TYR*     2.8    59.5    +      -       +      +
    223D  ALA*     3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
    225D  CYS*     1.3    92.6    -      -       -      +
    227D  GLU*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
    229D  GLY*     3.4    12.1    +      -       -      +
    230D  LYS*     5.7    12.6    -      -       +      +
    233D  CYS      5.8     1.6    -      -       -      +
    235D  PRO*     4.5    11.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 227 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    167D  VAL*     4.0    28.4    -      -       +      +
    171D  ARG*     5.3     3.6    +      -       -      -
    223D  ALA*     2.8    19.8    +      -       -      +
    224D  GLN*     3.4     6.6    +      -       -      +
    226D  MET*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    228D  VAL*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
    229D  GLY*     3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 228 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166D  SER*     4.1    13.5    -      -       -      +
    167D  VAL*     3.9    32.1    -      -       +      +
    170D  SER*     4.6     6.7    -      -       -      -
    178D  PHE*     4.7     5.8    -      -       +      -
    224D  GLN      2.6    24.4    +      -       -      +
    225D  CYS*     3.4     6.5    -      -       -      +
    227D  GLU*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    229D  GLY*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
    231D  GLU*     6.0     0.3    -      -       -      +
    232D  LYS*     3.5    40.6    -      -       +      +
    233D  CYS*     3.5    18.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 229 (chain D). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    225D  CYS      3.0    13.9    +      -       -      -
    226D  MET*     3.4     9.8    +      -       -      -
    227D  GLU      3.3     2.7    -      -       -      -
    228D  VAL*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    230D  LYS*     1.3    55.3    +      -       -      -
    231D  GLU*     2.9     9.5    +      -       -      -
    232D  LYS      3.0     3.4    +      -       -      -
    233D  CYS*     2.8    33.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il