Contacts of the helix formed by residues 293 - 322 (chain D) in PDB entry 3KHU
Residue contacts within the protein are
derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A.,
Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated
analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A
short description of the analytical approach
is given at the end of the page.
Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue
codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify
and analyse, use LPC software
Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/- - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
* - indicates residues forming contacts by their side chain
(including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU 293 (chain D).
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
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239C ALA* 4.0 11.4 - - + +
240C LEU* 3.6 44.9 - - + +
243C ALA* 3.9 16.8 - - + -
309C TYR* 3.5 22.4 - - - +
288D CYS* 2.9 16.6 + - + +
289D GLU 4.4 0.2 + - - -
291D LEU* 3.8 12.8 - - + +
292D ASN* 1.3 84.2 - - - +
294D PRO* 1.3 66.2 - - - +
295D GLU* 3.2 5.2 - - - -
296D VAL* 3.1 16.2 + - + -
297D ALA* 3.0 19.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with PRO 294 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
289D GLU* 5.4 5.6 - - + -
292D ASN* 3.2 13.7 - - + +
293D LEU* 1.3 90.2 - - - +
295D GLU* 1.3 72.6 + - - +
297D ALA* 3.5 8.7 - - + +
298D ARG* 2.9 51.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLU 295 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
302C GLN* 4.3 3.1 - - - +
306C MET* 3.7 6.3 - - + +
309C TYR* 3.4 57.8 + - + -
312C ARG* 4.4 9.2 + - - +
292D ASN 5.2 0.2 - - - +
293D LEU* 4.3 0.7 - - - -
294D PRO* 1.3 98.3 - - - +
296D VAL* 1.3 62.4 + - - +
298D ARG* 3.4 24.6 + - - +
299D TYR* 3.1 22.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 296 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
236C SER* 3.6 33.4 - - - +
239C ALA* 4.1 15.3 - - + -
240C LEU* 4.5 5.2 - - + -
306C MET* 3.9 10.8 - - + -
309C TYR* 4.1 14.4 - - + -
288D CYS* 3.6 22.9 - - - -
293D LEU* 3.1 22.3 + - + +
295D GLU* 1.3 71.8 - - - +
297D ALA* 1.3 66.7 + - - +
299D TYR* 3.0 3.8 + - - +
300D TRP* 3.0 38.6 + - + +
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Residues in contact with ALA 297 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
285D VAL* 3.8 18.0 - - + +
288D CYS* 3.7 20.0 - - + +
289D GLU* 3.8 27.1 - - + +
293D LEU 3.0 13.4 + - - +
294D PRO* 3.5 10.3 - - + +
296D VAL* 1.3 76.9 - - - +
298D ARG* 1.3 62.7 + - + +
299D TYR 3.2 0.2 + - - -
300D TRP 3.4 0.3 + - - -
301D GLN* 3.0 24.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 298 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
302C GLN* 4.1 17.1 + - - +
294D PRO* 2.9 39.1 + - + +
295D GLU* 3.7 35.1 + - - +
297D ALA* 1.3 74.5 - - + +
299D TYR* 1.3 63.0 + - - +
301D GLN* 3.4 15.0 + - - +
302D GLN* 3.4 18.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with TYR 299 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
229C GLN* 3.1 22.0 + - + +
232C SER* 3.5 7.2 - - - -
233C SER* 2.6 45.5 + - - -
236C SER* 4.1 5.2 - - - -
302C GLN* 3.4 49.7 + - + +
303C VAL* 4.3 2.9 - - + +
306C MET* 3.6 27.1 - - + -
229D GLN* 3.7 13.9 + - - +
295D GLU 3.1 13.5 + - - +
296D VAL 3.0 10.0 + - - +
298D ARG* 1.3 78.7 - - - +
300D TRP* 1.3 82.9 + + - +
302D GLN* 3.5 15.9 + - - +
303D VAL* 4.4 2.8 + - - +
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Residues in contact with TRP 300 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
233C SER* 3.7 29.4 - - - -
236C SER* 3.0 27.8 + - - -
237C ILE* 4.2 13.1 - - + +
225D ALA* 3.6 34.8 - - + -
226D PHE* 3.9 24.9 - + - -
229D GLN* 3.6 19.3 - - + -
281D VAL* 3.8 13.4 - - + +
284D LEU* 4.0 24.2 - - + -
285D VAL* 4.0 17.9 - - + +
288D CYS* 5.0 1.6 - - - -
296D VAL* 3.0 36.6 + - + +
299D TYR* 1.3 78.3 - + - +
301D GLN* 1.3 63.8 + - - +
302D GLN 3.0 2.5 - - - -
303D VAL* 2.9 35.4 + - + +
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Residues in contact with GLN 301 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
102D ARG* 5.2 2.4 + - - -
282D LEU* 3.8 14.9 - - - +
285D VAL* 3.6 28.6 - - + +
297D ALA 3.0 18.2 + - - +
298D ARG* 3.6 9.6 - - - +
299D TYR 3.4 0.2 - - - -
300D TRP* 1.3 75.2 - - - +
302D GLN* 1.3 62.8 + - + +
304D ILE* 3.0 22.4 + - - +
305D ASP* 2.9 52.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with GLN 302 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
295C GLU 4.4 3.3 - - - +
298C ARG* 4.1 18.3 + - - +
299C TYR* 3.5 45.1 + - + +
302C GLN* 3.7 30.1 - - + +
298D ARG 3.4 9.0 + - - +
299D TYR 3.5 10.1 - - - +
300D TRP 3.0 0.8 - - - -
301D GLN* 1.3 79.2 - - - +
303D VAL* 1.3 63.3 + - + +
305D ASP* 3.9 22.8 + - - +
306D MET* 2.9 28.9 + - - +
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Residues in contact with VAL 303 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
299C TYR* 4.3 5.2 - - + +
225D ALA 4.6 0.9 - - - +
228D ALA* 3.7 39.9 - - + +
229D GLN* 3.8 31.9 - - + +
232D SER* 2.7 28.7 + - - +
272D PHE* 4.1 6.7 - - + -
281D VAL* 4.5 8.1 - - + -
299D TYR 5.0 1.3 - - - +
300D TRP* 2.9 32.6 + - + +
302D GLN* 1.3 77.9 - - + +
304D ILE* 1.3 64.3 + - + +
307D ASN* 3.3 10.0 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 304 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
272D PHE* 4.2 16.2 - - + -
278D GLN* 4.0 37.5 - - + +
281D VAL* 3.8 34.5 - - + -
282D LEU* 4.1 21.5 - - + -
300D TRP 4.8 0.2 - - - +
301D GLN* 3.0 23.6 + - - +
303D VAL* 1.3 74.1 - - - +
305D ASP* 1.3 61.8 + - - +
306D MET 3.1 1.8 - - - -
307D ASN* 3.1 6.2 + - + +
308D ASP* 2.8 46.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 305 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
301D GLN* 2.9 51.2 + - - +
302D GLN* 3.9 25.1 + - - +
304D ILE* 1.3 76.3 - - - +
306D MET* 1.3 56.8 + - - +
308D ASP* 3.4 10.4 + - - +
309D TYR* 2.9 29.5 + - - +
312D ARG* 4.8 1.9 + - - -
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Residues in contact with MET 306 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
295C GLU* 3.5 32.8 - - + +
296C VAL* 4.0 4.0 - - + +
299C TYR* 3.7 23.6 - - + -
232D SER* 3.3 34.3 - - - +
235D ASN* 4.7 4.7 - - + +
236D SER* 3.7 26.5 - - - +
302D GLN* 2.9 19.9 + - - +
305D ASP* 1.3 76.7 - - - +
307D ASN* 1.3 60.2 + - - +
309D TYR* 3.4 21.5 + - + -
310D GLN* 2.9 30.5 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASN 307 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
232D SER* 3.8 2.7 + - - +
235D ASN* 4.5 5.7 + - - +
271D GLY* 3.2 9.0 - - - -
272D PHE* 2.9 80.9 + - + -
278D GLN* 5.1 4.0 + - - -
303D VAL 3.3 5.4 + - - +
304D ILE* 3.1 9.1 + - + +
306D MET* 1.3 78.3 - - - +
308D ASP* 1.3 63.3 + - - +
310D GLN* 3.3 5.6 + - - +
311D ARG* 3.2 44.2 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ASP 308 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
278D GLN* 4.3 6.8 - - - +
304D ILE* 2.8 40.5 + - - +
305D ASP* 3.7 10.8 - - - +
307D ASN* 1.3 73.1 - - - +
309D TYR* 1.3 57.3 + - - +
311D ARG* 3.5 22.0 + - - +
312D ARG* 3.0 41.7 + - - +
356D TYR* 4.7 3.4 + - - +
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Residues in contact with TYR 309 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
293C LEU* 3.5 27.2 - - - +
295C GLU* 3.5 46.3 + - + -
296C VAL* 4.1 19.2 - - + +
236D SER* 6.0 0.2 - - - -
239D ALA* 4.0 5.5 - - + +
305D ASP 2.9 17.7 + - - +
306D MET* 3.7 24.2 - - - +
308D ASP* 1.3 73.0 - - - +
310D GLN* 1.3 68.2 + - - +
312D ARG* 3.8 24.4 - - - +
313D ARG* 2.8 63.0 + - + +
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Residues in contact with GLN 310 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
235D ASN* 3.2 33.4 + - + +
238D SER* 3.0 20.0 + - - -
269D SER 2.9 29.6 + - - +
270D VAL* 3.2 12.1 - - - +
271D GLY* 5.1 0.2 - - - -
306D MET* 2.9 18.1 + - - +
307D ASN* 3.3 7.8 + - - +
309D TYR* 1.3 79.5 - - + +
311D ARG* 1.3 62.0 + - - +
313D ARG* 2.8 38.9 + - - +
314D PHE* 3.1 23.9 + - - +
462D ILE* 3.8 15.1 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 311 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
270D VAL* 3.4 20.6 - - + +
271D GLY* 4.5 0.8 - - - -
272D PHE 3.0 19.8 + - - -
273D GLY* 4.2 0.2 - - - -
278D GLN* 4.4 9.1 + - - -
307D ASN* 3.2 28.7 + - - +
308D ASP* 3.7 19.2 + - - +
309D TYR 3.2 0.6 - - - -
310D GLN* 1.3 77.1 - - - +
312D ARG* 1.3 57.7 + - - +
314D PHE* 3.2 1.9 + - - +
315D ALA* 2.9 25.8 + - - +
347D GLU* 2.9 29.9 + - - +
349D SER* 2.9 28.5 + - - +
352D TYR* 3.4 40.9 - - + -
353D ILE* 3.3 22.3 - - + +
356D TYR* 4.5 8.7 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ARG 312 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
98B MET* 4.4 9.1 - - + +
295C GLU* 4.3 9.9 + - - +
305D ASP 4.8 1.2 + - - -
308D ASP* 3.0 26.2 + - - +
309D TYR* 3.1 46.6 + - - +
311D ARG* 1.3 77.6 - - - +
313D ARG* 1.3 58.3 + - - +
315D ALA* 3.3 3.6 + - - +
316D SER* 2.9 36.9 + - - +
356D TYR* 3.8 34.8 + - + +
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Residues in contact with ARG 313 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
238D SER* 3.1 15.4 + - - -
239D ALA* 3.5 16.1 - - - +
242D GLU* 2.6 43.2 + - - -
309D TYR* 2.8 64.8 + - + +
310D GLN* 2.8 35.3 + - - +
312D ARG* 1.3 70.2 - - - +
314D PHE* 1.3 69.3 + - - +
316D SER* 3.6 8.3 - - - -
317D ARG* 2.9 36.6 + - + +
462D ILE* 4.7 3.4 - - - +
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Residues in contact with PHE 314 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
270D VAL* 3.6 26.9 - - + -
310D GLN 3.1 16.2 + - - +
311D ARG 3.4 7.9 - - - +
313D ARG* 1.3 79.5 - - + +
315D ALA* 1.3 62.9 + - - +
317D ARG* 3.1 27.6 + - + +
318D ILE* 3.2 23.1 + - + +
353D ILE* 4.0 12.6 - - + -
412D VAL* 3.7 21.8 - - + -
413D ILE 4.4 2.5 - - - -
414D CYS* 4.7 1.8 - - - -
439D PHE* 3.9 32.3 - + + -
440D ASP 4.2 2.7 - - - -
441D GLY* 3.6 33.9 - - - -
460D GLU 5.7 0.7 - - - -
461D THR* 5.7 0.7 - - - -
462D ILE* 3.9 23.3 - - + -
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Residues in contact with ALA 315 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
98B MET* 4.5 4.0 - - + -
311D ARG 2.9 8.8 + - - +
312D ARG 3.6 7.4 - - - +
314D PHE* 1.3 77.7 - - - +
316D SER* 1.3 63.1 + - - +
318D ILE* 3.2 15.2 + - - +
319D ILE* 3.0 29.2 + - + +
353D ILE* 4.3 9.9 - - + +
356D TYR* 3.7 41.5 - - + -
357D LEU* 5.3 2.5 - - + -
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Residues in contact with SER 316 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
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Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
98B MET* 3.5 25.7 - - - +
312D ARG* 2.9 23.4 + - - +
313D ARG* 3.6 9.4 - - - -
314D PHE 3.2 0.2 - - - -
315D ALA* 1.3 74.1 - - - +
317D ARG* 1.3 60.7 + - - +
319D ILE* 4.4 4.0 - - - +
320D ASP* 2.9 44.1 + - - +
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Residues in contact with ARG 317 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
242D GLU* 3.3 39.3 + - - +
313D ARG* 2.9 26.9 + - + +
314D PHE* 3.1 20.5 + - + +
316D SER* 1.3 76.5 - - - +
318D ILE* 1.3 64.5 + - - +
320D ASP* 3.9 5.1 - - - +
321D SER* 2.8 31.3 + - - +
439D PHE* 4.5 11.3 - - + -
460D GLU* 3.1 43.9 + - - +
461D THR* 3.3 22.9 + - - +
462D ILE* 4.0 4.8 - - - +
464D LYS 4.2 6.1 + - - -
466D VAL* 4.0 13.5 - - - +
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Residues in contact with ILE 318 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
314D PHE* 3.5 27.1 - - + +
315D ALA* 3.2 13.2 + - - +
317D ARG* 1.3 78.2 - - - +
319D ILE* 1.3 63.1 - - - +
321D SER* 3.1 2.1 + - - -
322D LEU* 3.1 38.0 + - + +
331D ILE* 4.7 3.6 - - + -
353D ILE* 4.3 8.3 - - + -
357D LEU* 4.2 20.0 - - + -
410D ALA* 5.0 1.1 - - + -
412D VAL* 3.8 37.2 - - + -
439D PHE* 3.8 40.1 - - + -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 319 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
98B MET* 3.7 27.4 - - + -
315D ALA* 3.0 19.5 + - + +
316D SER* 4.0 3.8 - - - +
318D ILE* 1.3 76.2 - - - +
320D ASP* 1.3 61.1 + - - +
322D LEU* 3.3 10.2 + - - +
324D ASN* 2.8 53.6 + - - +
326D VAL* 4.1 14.6 - - + -
356D TYR 4.5 4.5 - - - +
357D LEU* 3.8 22.2 - - + -
360D GLU* 3.6 42.0 - - + +
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Residues in contact with ASP 320 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
98B MET* 6.0 0.7 - - - +
142B ARG* 5.8 1.9 + - - -
286B TYR* 4.9 5.0 + - - -
316D SER* 2.9 28.3 + - - +
317D ARG* 3.9 4.6 - - - +
319D ILE* 1.3 77.9 - - - +
321D SER* 1.3 61.6 + - - +
323D PHE* 3.0 17.0 + - - -
324D ASN* 4.1 19.8 - - - +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 321 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
142B ARG* 5.3 5.5 + - - +
317D ARG* 2.8 19.7 + - - -
318D ILE 3.1 4.7 + - - -
320D ASP* 1.3 76.2 - - - +
322D LEU* 1.3 59.3 + - - +
323D PHE* 3.3 15.3 + - - -
437D PHE* 3.5 28.9 - - - -
439D PHE* 3.6 20.3 - - - -
460D GLU* 3.8 19.2 + - - -
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Residues in contact with LEU 322 (chain D).
Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
Specific contacts
---------------------------
Residue Dist Surf HB Arom Phob DC
----------------------------------------------------------
318D ILE* 3.1 25.3 + - + +
319D ILE 3.9 4.5 - - - +
320D ASP 3.2 0.6 - - - -
321D SER* 1.3 76.1 - - - +
323D PHE* 1.3 67.8 + - - +
324D ASN 3.3 2.0 - - - -
325D THR* 2.9 14.6 - - - +
326D VAL* 4.2 14.1 - - + -
329D LYS* 2.8 34.9 + - + +
331D ILE* 3.9 31.0 - - + -
409D HIS* 4.1 20.9 - - + +
410D ALA* 4.6 6.1 - - + -
435D PRO 5.5 0.2 - - - +
437D PHE* 3.8 31.4 - - + -
439D PHE* 5.5 0.4 - - + -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the
analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page
is based upon the approach
developed in:
Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G.
and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996)
25, 120-129.
Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic
properties of the contacting atoms. In order to
define it, for each inter-atomic contact,
eight atom classes have been introduced:
I Hydrophilic - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
(e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
II Acceptor - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
III Donor - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
IV Hydrophobic - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
a N or O atom
V Aromatic - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other
bonds formed by the atom
VI Neutral - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
VII Neutral-donor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
atom of class III
VIII Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only
one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy
is shown below:
Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
Atomic class I II III IV V VI VII VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
I (Hydrophilic) + + + - + + + +
II (Acceptor) + - + - + + + -
III (Donor) + + - - + + - +
IV (Hydrophobic) - - - + + + + +
V (Aromatic) + + + + + + + +
VI (Neutral) + + + + + + + +
VII (Neutral-donor) + + - + + + - +
VIII (Neutral-acceptor) + - + + + + + -
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Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically
assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in
three cases (see below) the automatic assignment
is currently ambiguous. In these
cases, the user is advised to manually analyse
the full list of contacts using
LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are
considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
"hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
"carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).
Please E-mail any
questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to
Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il