Contacts of the helix formed by residues 68 - 92 (chain A) in PDB entry 3V3Q


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 68 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66A  LYS*     4.7     4.5    -      -       -      +
     67A  GLU*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     69A  ALA*     1.3    63.2    +      -       -      +
     70A  GLY*     3.0    16.2    +      -       -      -
     71A  ASP*     3.0    27.0    +      -       -      +
     72A  VAL*     3.1    20.4    +      -       -      +
    146A  ARG*     3.0    19.5    +      -       -      +
    250A  LEU*     3.5     8.5    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 69 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68A  ASP*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     70A  GLY*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
     72A  VAL*     4.0     1.1    -      -       -      +
     73A  GLN*     3.0    30.7    +      -       -      +
    250A  LEU*     3.8    15.0    -      -       +      +
    251A  VAL*     3.7    26.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 70 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68A  ASP*     3.0     8.0    +      -       -      -
     69A  ALA*     1.3    73.7    -      -       -      +
     71A  ASP*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
     73A  GLN*     3.9     4.2    -      -       -      +
     74A  GLN*     2.9    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 71 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67A  GLU*     3.5     3.3    -      -       +      -
     68A  ASP*     3.0    32.8    +      -       -      +
     70A  GLY*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
     72A  VAL*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
     74A  GLN*     3.5     8.7    +      -       -      +
     75A  PHE*     3.1    26.5    +      -       -      +
    143A  GLN      5.6     1.9    -      -       -      +
    146A  ARG*     2.8    47.2    +      -       +      +
    147A  GLY*     3.9    21.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 72 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67A  GLU*     3.9    17.7    -      -       +      -
     68A  ASP      3.1    16.2    +      -       -      +
     69A  ALA*     3.4     4.7    +      -       -      +
     70A  GLY      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     71A  ASP*     1.3    76.7    -      -       +      +
     73A  GLN*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
     75A  PHE*     3.1     7.6    +      -       -      +
     76A  TYR*     2.9    54.8    +      -       +      -
    147A  GLY*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      -
    245A  LEU*     3.7    37.5    -      -       +      +
    248A  GLU*     4.1     1.3    -      -       -      +
    250A  LEU*     4.0    13.7    -      -       +      +
    251A  VAL*     3.7    15.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 73 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69A  ALA      3.0    18.0    +      -       -      +
     70A  GLY*     3.9     4.3    -      -       -      +
     72A  VAL*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     74A  GLN*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
     76A  TYR*     4.0    13.5    -      -       -      +
     77A  ASP*     2.8    60.2    +      -       -      +
    251A  VAL*     3.8    27.4    -      -       +      +
    252A  PRO*     4.8     6.4    +      -       -      +
    254A  PRO*     5.5     2.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 74 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  LYS*     4.8    13.7    -      -       -      +
     70A  GLY      2.9    18.8    +      -       -      +
     71A  ASP*     3.8     7.4    -      -       -      +
     73A  GLN*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
     75A  PHE*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
     77A  ASP*     3.3     8.3    +      -       +      +
     78A  LEU*     2.9    39.8    +      -       +      +
    137A  LEU*     4.5     9.6    -      -       +      +
    139A  LEU*     3.9    32.0    -      -       -      +
    143A  GLN*     4.5    10.6    -      -       -      +
    144A  CYS*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    148A  PHE*     5.7     2.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 75 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     71A  ASP      3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
     72A  VAL*     3.1    11.5    +      -       -      +
     74A  GLN*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     76A  TYR*     1.4    82.9    +      +       -      +
     78A  LEU*     3.2     3.6    +      -       -      +
     79A  LEU*     3.1    48.0    +      -       +      +
    147A  GLY*     3.6    19.5    -      -       -      +
    148A  PHE*     3.8    34.9    -      +       +      -
    151A  TRP*     3.8    25.1    -      +       -      -
    241A  ARG*     3.9    17.7    -      -       +      -
    242A  ILE*     3.9    15.3    -      -       +      -
    245A  LEU*     3.3    29.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR 76 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     72A  VAL*     2.9    36.9    +      -       +      +
     73A  GLN*     3.9    11.0    -      -       -      +
     75A  PHE*     1.4    96.8    -      +       -      +
     77A  ASP*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
     79A  LEU*     3.1    11.1    +      -       +      +
     80A  SER*     2.8    25.1    +      -       -      -
    242A  ILE*     4.4    12.3    +      -       +      +
    245A  LEU*     3.6    22.4    +      -       +      +
    246A  LYS*     4.0    10.2    -      -       -      +
    251A  VAL*     3.8    25.8    +      -       +      -
    252A  PRO      3.8     8.1    -      -       -      -
    253A  PRO*     3.6    34.8    -      -       +      +
    254A  PRO*     3.6    26.5    -      -       +      +
    257A  ILE*     4.9     3.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 77 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     73A  GLN*     2.8    53.2    +      -       -      +
     74A  GLN*     3.8     7.7    -      -       +      +
     76A  TYR*     1.3    72.3    -      -       -      +
     78A  LEU*     1.3    61.2    +      -       +      +
     80A  SER*     3.7     6.1    -      -       -      -
     81A  GLY*     2.8    30.3    +      -       -      -
    254A  PRO*     5.8     0.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 78 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     74A  GLN*     2.9    38.4    +      -       +      +
     75A  PHE      3.3     4.5    -      -       -      +
     77A  ASP*     1.3    78.9    -      -       +      +
     79A  LEU*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
     81A  GLY*     4.3     0.3    -      -       -      -
     82A  SER*     3.1    25.5    +      -       -      -
    116A  PHE*     4.2     4.5    -      -       +      -
    133A  PHE*     3.8    47.7    -      -       +      -
    134A  CYS*     5.5     0.5    -      -       -      -
    135A  SER*     5.3     3.8    -      -       -      +
    137A  LEU*     3.9    22.0    -      -       +      -
    139A  LEU*     4.1     9.2    -      -       +      -
    148A  PHE*     4.1    20.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 79 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     75A  PHE*     3.1    46.9    +      -       +      +
     76A  TYR*     3.4    10.1    -      -       +      +
     78A  LEU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
     80A  SER*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
     82A  SER*     3.2     2.3    +      -       -      -
     83A  LEU*     3.0    19.1    +      -       -      +
    112A  PHE*     3.2    28.8    -      -       +      -
    113A  LEU*     5.1     2.0    -      -       +      -
    116A  PHE*     3.6    39.3    -      -       +      -
    148A  PHE*     5.1     1.8    -      -       +      -
    151A  TRP*     4.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
    242A  ILE*     4.2    18.4    -      -       +      -
    257A  ILE*     4.1    20.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 80 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     76A  TYR      2.8    15.2    +      -       -      -
     77A  ASP*     3.7     7.4    -      -       -      -
     79A  LEU*     1.3    72.2    -      -       -      +
     81A  GLY*     1.3    67.4    +      -       -      +
     83A  LEU*     3.2     6.2    +      -       -      +
     84A  GLU*     3.1    28.2    +      -       -      +
    254A  PRO*     3.1    35.2    -      -       -      +
    257A  ILE*     3.9     8.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 81 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     77A  ASP      2.8    19.4    +      -       -      -
     78A  LEU      4.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     80A  SER*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
     82A  SER*     1.3    61.4    +      -       -      +
     84A  GLU*     3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
     85A  VAL*     3.0    28.6    +      -       -      +
    134A  CYS*     4.3     5.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 82 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     78A  LEU      3.1    19.3    +      -       -      -
     79A  LEU      3.5     4.9    -      -       -      -
     80A  SER      3.0     0.8    -      -       -      -
     81A  GLY*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
     83A  LEU*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
     85A  VAL*     3.3     3.1    +      -       -      +
     86A  ILE*     2.8    40.2    +      -       -      +
    112A  PHE*     3.4     8.6    -      -       -      -
    116A  PHE*     3.3    29.4    -      -       -      +
    119A  ARG*     5.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
    134A  CYS*     3.8    18.9    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 83 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     79A  LEU      3.0    10.8    +      -       -      +
     80A  SER*     3.2     6.3    +      -       -      +
     82A  SER*     1.3    76.7    +      -       -      +
     84A  GLU*     1.3    62.1    +      -       +      +
     86A  ILE*     4.2     6.1    -      -       +      +
     87A  ARG*     3.0    48.4    +      -       -      +
    108A  LEU*     4.7    17.3    -      -       +      +
    109A  GLU*     5.4     0.9    -      -       +      +
    112A  PHE*     3.5    36.1    -      -       +      -
    256A  ILE*     3.7    34.1    -      -       +      -
    257A  ILE*     4.0    13.0    -      -       +      -
    260A  ILE*     3.9    15.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 84 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     80A  SER*     3.1    19.4    +      -       -      +
     81A  GLY*     3.2     9.2    +      -       -      +
     83A  LEU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     85A  VAL*     1.3    63.9    +      -       +      +
     87A  ARG*     3.3    29.7    +      -       -      +
     88A  LYS*     3.2    36.4    +      -       -      +
    256A  ILE*     4.9    12.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 85 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  SER*     3.1    34.6    -      -       -      +
     81A  GLY      3.0    19.8    +      -       -      +
     82A  SER      3.6     4.0    -      -       -      +
     84A  GLU*     1.3    77.6    -      -       +      +
     86A  ILE*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
     88A  LYS*     3.4    11.0    +      -       +      +
     89A  TRP*     3.1    21.7    +      -       -      +
    119A  ARG*     3.6    13.0    -      -       -      +
    134A  CYS*     3.8    21.1    -      -       +      -
    135A  SER*     5.6     2.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 86 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     82A  SER*     2.8    40.0    +      -       -      +
     83A  LEU*     3.4     8.9    +      -       +      +
     85A  VAL*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
     87A  ARG*     1.3    53.9    +      -       -      +
     89A  TRP*     3.2    17.5    +      -       +      -
     90A  ALA*     2.8    32.4    +      -       -      +
    108A  LEU*     4.2    12.3    -      -       +      +
    112A  PHE*     4.0    16.4    -      -       +      -
    115A  LEU*     3.7    44.9    -      -       +      -
    116A  PHE*     4.0     6.5    -      -       -      +
    119A  ARG*     3.8    28.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 87 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     83A  LEU*     3.0    41.9    +      -       -      +
     84A  GLU*     3.3    34.3    +      -       -      +
     86A  ILE*     1.3    75.4    -      -       -      +
     88A  LYS*     1.3    63.1    +      -       +      +
     90A  ALA*     3.3     2.4    +      -       -      +
     91A  GLU*     3.0    22.9    +      -       -      +
     96A  PHE*     5.5     0.5    -      -       -      -
    105A  ASP*     3.9    20.2    +      -       -      +
    108A  LEU*     3.9    31.8    -      -       +      +
    109A  GLU*     5.1     7.7    +      -       -      +
    256A  ILE*     4.0    22.6    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 88 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     84A  GLU*     3.2    26.6    +      -       -      +
     85A  VAL*     3.4     9.6    +      -       +      +
     87A  ARG*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
     89A  TRP*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
     91A  GLU*     3.5    14.6    +      -       -      +
     92A  LYS*     3.6    28.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TRP 89 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37A  LEU      4.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
     40A  ALA*     3.4    36.5    -      -       +      +
     41A  HIS*     3.8    16.0    +      -       -      +
     44A  SER*     3.7    21.3    -      -       -      -
     85A  VAL      3.1    14.1    +      -       -      +
     86A  ILE*     3.3    34.8    -      -       +      +
     88A  LYS*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
     90A  ALA*     1.3    69.3    +      -       -      +
     92A  LYS*     3.0    24.1    +      -       -      +
     93A  ILE*     3.5    14.6    +      -       +      +
    115A  LEU*     3.8    25.8    -      -       +      -
    119A  ARG*     4.3    13.4    -      -       -      +
    173A  ALA      4.8     2.2    +      -       -      -
    176A  SER*     3.6    31.3    +      -       -      -
    177A  ALA*     3.7    28.0    -      -       +      -
    180A  LEU*     3.7    24.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 90 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     86A  ILE      2.8    19.7    +      -       -      +
     87A  ARG      3.7     3.1    -      -       -      +
     89A  TRP*     1.3    74.1    -      -       +      +
     91A  GLU*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
     92A  LYS      2.9     6.0    +      -       -      -
     93A  ILE*     2.9    18.5    +      -       -      +
     96A  PHE*     3.4    32.9    -      -       +      +
    108A  LEU*     3.5    25.1    -      -       +      -
    180A  LEU*     3.7    15.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 91 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     87A  ARG      3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
     88A  LYS*     3.8    13.5    -      -       -      +
     89A  TRP      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
     90A  ALA*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
     92A  LYS*     1.3    61.8    +      -       +      +
     93A  ILE      3.8     4.3    +      -       -      +
     96A  PHE*     4.1     8.3    -      -       -      -
     97A  ALA*     3.9    33.6    -      -       -      +
    104A  GLN*     4.9     6.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 92 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     36A  SER*     4.7     5.4    -      -       -      +
     39A  ARG*     5.6     2.5    -      -       +      -
     40A  ALA*     3.7    30.0    +      -       +      +
     43A  ASP*     3.8    33.7    +      -       +      +
     88A  LYS*     3.6    24.5    +      -       -      +
     89A  TRP*     3.0    11.5    +      -       -      +
     90A  ALA      2.9     1.4    -      -       -      -
     91A  GLU*     1.3    80.8    -      -       +      +
     93A  ILE*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
     94A  PRO*     3.3    10.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il