Contacts of the helix formed by residues 3 - 29 (chain E) in PDB entry 4DZL


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ILE 3 (chain E).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      3D  ILE*     4.2    30.5    -      -       +      +
      6D  ILE*     4.0    21.3    -      -       +      +
      2E  GLU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
      4E  ALA*     1.3    60.3    +      -       -      +
      6E  ILE*     3.6     6.2    +      -       -      +
      7E  LYS*     3.2    33.5    +      -       +      +
      3F  ILE*     4.7    18.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 4 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2E  GLU      3.3     4.6    -      -       -      +
      3E  ILE*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
      5E  ALA*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
      7E  LYS*     3.6    12.1    +      -       -      +
      8E  GLN*     3.4    26.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 5 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      2E  GLU*     3.2    21.2    +      -       +      +
      4E  ALA*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
      6E  ILE*     1.3    69.6    +      -       +      +
      8E  GLN*     3.2     9.5    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLU*     3.1    26.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 6 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      6D  ILE*     3.9    33.7    -      -       +      -
      2E  GLU*     3.0    21.6    +      -       +      +
      3E  ILE*     3.6     6.0    +      -       -      +
      5E  ALA*     1.3    80.6    -      -       +      +
      7E  LYS*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLU*     3.3    18.6    +      -       -      +
     10E  ILE*     3.0    27.5    +      -       +      +
      3F  ILE*     5.4     5.6    -      -       +      -
      6F  ILE*     4.4     9.0    -      -       +      -
      7F  LYS*     4.5    29.6    -      -       +      -
     10F  ILE*     3.6    26.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 7 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      6D  ILE*     4.1    20.9    -      -       +      -
      9D  GLU*     5.5     5.8    -      -       -      +
      3E  ILE*     3.2    31.4    +      -       +      +
      4E  ALA*     3.8    10.5    -      -       -      +
      5E  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
      6E  ILE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
      8E  GLN*     1.3    58.4    +      -       +      +
     10E  ILE*     3.6     8.5    +      -       -      +
     11E  ALA*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 8 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      4E  ALA      3.4    14.1    +      -       -      +
      5E  ALA*     3.2    11.7    +      -       -      +
      7E  LYS*     1.3    78.6    -      -       +      +
      9E  GLU*     1.3    59.7    +      -       +      +
     11E  ALA*     3.5    11.6    +      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     3.1    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 9 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      5E  ALA*     3.1    15.1    +      -       -      +
      6E  ILE*     3.3    33.6    +      -       -      +
      8E  GLN*     1.3    75.8    -      -       +      +
     10E  ILE*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     3.3     7.0    +      -       -      +
     13E  ILE*     2.9    36.5    +      -       +      +
     10F  ILE*     4.0    26.8    -      -       +      +
     14F  LYS*     3.2    29.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 10 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      6D  ILE*     4.7     6.3    -      -       +      +
      9D  GLU*     3.6    35.7    -      -       +      +
     10D  ILE*     3.6    32.3    -      -       +      +
     13D  ILE*     3.5    25.1    -      -       +      +
      6E  ILE*     3.0    25.9    +      -       +      +
      7E  LYS*     3.6     8.5    -      -       -      +
      9E  GLU*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     11E  ALA*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     13E  ILE*     3.4     8.0    +      -       +      +
     14E  LYS*     3.0    32.9    +      -       +      +
     10F  ILE*     4.5    12.5    -      -       +      +
     13F  ILE*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 11 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      7E  LYS      3.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
      8E  GLN*     3.6    16.8    -      -       -      +
      9E  GLU      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     10E  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
     12E  ALA*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
     14E  LYS*     3.5    10.3    +      -       -      +
     15E  LYS*     3.3    30.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 12 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      8E  GLN      3.1    17.4    +      -       -      +
      9E  GLU*     3.6     7.6    -      -       -      +
     10E  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     11E  ALA*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
     13E  ILE*     1.3    65.2    +      -       +      +
     15E  LYS*     3.2    13.7    +      -       -      +
     16E  GLU*     3.1    28.3    +      -       +      +
     29G  GLN*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 13 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13D  ILE*     3.8    37.0    -      -       +      -
      9E  GLU*     2.9    27.1    +      -       +      +
     10E  ILE*     3.8     8.5    -      -       +      +
     12E  ALA*     1.3    74.8    -      -       +      +
     14E  LYS*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
     16E  GLU*     3.1    18.0    +      -       -      +
     17E  ILE*     2.9    31.9    +      -       +      +
     10F  ILE*     4.5    16.6    -      -       +      -
     13F  ILE*     4.0    24.7    -      -       +      -
     14F  LYS*     4.1    23.1    -      -       +      -
     17F  ILE*     4.5     9.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 14 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
      9D  GLU*     3.6    27.7    +      -       +      +
     13D  ILE*     4.3    17.7    -      -       +      -
     16D  GLU*     5.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
     10E  ILE*     3.0    26.2    +      -       +      +
     11E  ALA*     3.6     9.4    -      -       -      +
     13E  ILE*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
     15E  LYS*     1.3    55.8    +      -       +      +
     17E  ILE*     3.3    10.8    +      -       -      +
     18E  ALA*     3.0    27.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 15 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     11E  ALA*     3.3    17.2    +      -       +      +
     12E  ALA*     3.2    15.0    +      -       -      +
     14E  LYS*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
     16E  GLU*     1.3    58.4    +      -       +      +
     18E  ALA*     3.3     7.9    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     3.0    27.5    +      -       -      +
     26G  ALA*     5.8     1.7    -      -       -      +
     29G  GLN*     3.2    55.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 16 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     12E  ALA*     3.1    18.0    +      -       -      +
     13E  ILE*     3.1    15.5    +      -       -      +
     15E  LYS*     1.3    73.8    -      -       +      +
     17E  ILE*     1.3    59.2    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     3.4     6.1    +      -       -      +
     20E  ILE*     3.0    36.6    +      -       +      +
     14F  LYS*     6.0     1.9    -      -       -      +
     17F  ILE*     3.5    30.9    -      -       +      +
     21F  LYS*     2.7    36.2    +      -       +      +
     28I  LYS*     5.7     1.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 17 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13D  ILE*     5.0     5.6    -      -       +      +
     16D  GLU*     3.4    36.6    -      -       +      +
     17D  ILE*     4.2    13.7    -      -       +      -
     20D  ILE*     3.8    19.5    -      -       +      -
     13E  ILE*     2.9    29.0    +      -       +      +
     14E  LYS*     3.5     9.9    -      -       -      +
     15E  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     16E  GLU*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
     18E  ALA*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
     20E  ILE*     3.3     5.8    +      -       +      +
     21E  LYS*     2.9    40.9    +      -       +      +
     17F  ILE*     3.5    26.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 18 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     14E  LYS      3.0    14.2    +      -       -      +
     15E  LYS*     3.6    11.2    -      -       -      +
     17E  ILE*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
     21E  LYS*     3.2    11.7    +      -       -      +
     22E  PHI      3.1    18.2    +      -       -      -
     22G  PHI      3.9    24.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 19 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     15E  LYS      3.0    16.8    +      -       -      +
     16E  GLU*     3.8     7.0    -      -       -      +
     17E  ILE      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     18E  ALA*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
     20E  ILE*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
     22E  PHI      3.4     2.8    +      -       -      +
     23E  GLU*     3.0    36.6    +      -       -      +
     22G  PHI      4.4    14.2    -      -       +      -
     23G  GLU*     5.4     2.2    -      -       -      +
     26G  ALA*     4.4    22.4    -      -       +      -
     28I  LYS*     4.4    18.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 20 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20D  ILE*     3.5    33.0    -      -       +      -
     16E  GLU      3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
     17E  ILE*     3.3     4.5    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA*     1.3    75.7    -      -       +      +
     21E  LYS*     1.3    56.3    +      -       -      +
     23E  GLU*     3.1    14.0    +      -       -      +
     24E  ILE*     2.8    33.6    +      -       +      +
     17F  ILE*     4.3    18.6    -      -       +      -
     20F  ILE*     3.7    17.7    -      -       +      -
     21F  LYS*     4.3    23.1    -      -       +      -
     24F  ILE*     2.9    29.2    -      -       +      -
     28I  LYS*     6.1     1.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 21 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     16D  GLU*     2.9    29.5    +      -       +      +
     20D  ILE*     4.9    13.5    -      -       +      -
     17E  ILE*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
     18E  ALA*     3.5    11.4    -      -       -      +
     20E  ILE*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     22E  PHI      1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
     24E  ILE*     3.3    11.1    +      -       +      +
     25E  ALA*     2.9    28.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHI 22 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     18E  ALA      3.1     9.6    +      -       -      +
     19E  ALA      3.7     4.5    -      -       -      +
     21E  LYS*     1.3    74.9    +      -       -      +
     23E  GLU*     1.3    70.7    +      -       +      +
     25E  ALA*     3.1    11.3    +      -       +      +
     26E  ALA*     2.9    30.1    +      -       +      +
     18G  ALA*     3.9    37.4    -      -       +      +
     19G  ALA*     4.3    17.5    -      -       +      +
     22G  PHI      3.3    69.4    -      +       +      -
     23G  GLU*     5.3     1.3    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 23 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     19E  ALA*     3.0    23.2    +      -       -      +
     20E  ILE*     3.5    16.6    -      -       -      +
     22E  PHI      1.3    80.8    +      -       +      -
     24E  ILE*     1.3    58.2    +      -       -      +
     26E  ALA*     3.4     4.8    +      -       -      +
     27E  ILE*     2.9    37.6    +      -       +      +
     32E  GLY*     5.0     0.8    -      -       -      -
     24F  ILE*     3.2    33.9    -      -       +      +
     28F  LYS*     3.8    18.9    -      -       +      +
     22G  PHI      6.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
     23G  GLU*     2.6    39.7    -      -       -      +
     28I  LYS*     3.5    17.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 24 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     20D  ILE*     4.3     8.7    -      -       +      -
     23D  GLU*     3.6    34.5    -      -       +      -
     24D  ILE*     3.7    27.8    -      -       +      -
     27D  ILE*     4.2    16.5    -      -       +      +
     20E  ILE*     2.8    32.8    +      -       +      +
     21E  LYS*     3.6     9.2    -      -       +      +
     23E  GLU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     25E  ALA*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     27E  ILE*     3.4     8.6    +      -       +      +
     28E  LYS*     3.0    40.0    +      -       -      +
     24F  ILE*     4.6     5.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 25 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     21E  LYS      2.9    13.6    +      -       -      +
     22E  PHI      3.3    15.7    -      -       +      +
     24E  ILE*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
     26E  ALA*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
     28E  LYS*     3.3    16.9    +      -       -      +
     29E  GLN*     3.4    18.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 26 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     22E  PHI      2.9    30.7    +      -       +      +
     23E  GLU*     3.9     6.1    -      -       -      +
     25E  ALA*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
     27E  ILE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
     29E  GLN*     3.0    18.3    +      -       -      +
     30E  GLY      3.2     0.5    +      -       -      -
     31E  TYR*     3.1    23.5    +      -       +      +
     32E  GLY*     3.8    16.6    -      -       -      +
     19G  ALA*     5.4     6.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 27 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     27D  ILE*     3.8    35.4    -      -       +      -
     23E  GLU*     2.9    29.4    +      -       +      +
     24E  ILE*     3.7    10.3    -      -       +      +
     26E  ALA*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
     28E  LYS*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
     30E  GLY*     2.8    24.4    +      -       -      -
     31E  TYR      4.3     0.7    -      -       -      +
     32E  GLY*     3.9    21.5    -      -       -      +
     24F  ILE*     4.7     8.5    -      -       +      +
     27F  ILE*     3.9    28.9    -      -       +      -
     28F  LYS*     4.2    15.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 28 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     23D  GLU*     3.2    30.2    +      -       -      +
     27D  ILE*     4.9    13.2    -      -       +      -
     24E  ILE*     3.0    35.1    +      -       +      +
     25E  ALA*     3.5    12.2    -      -       -      +
     26E  ALA      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     27E  ILE*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
     29E  GLN*     1.3    69.7    +      -       -      +
     30E  GLY      3.7     0.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 29 (chain E). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     25E  ALA      3.4    15.1    +      -       -      +
     26E  ALA*     3.0    10.6    +      -       -      +
     28E  LYS*     1.3    88.8    +      -       -      +
     30E  GLY*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
     31E  TYR*     3.4    28.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il