Contacts of the helix formed by residues 332 - 355 (chain C) in PDB entry 4E2I


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 332 (chain C).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    339B  GLN*     4.2     0.2    -      -       -      +
    270C  TRP*     5.1     6.5    -      -       +      -
    330C  SER*     3.2    10.3    +      -       -      +
    331C  LYS*     1.3    94.5    -      -       -      +
    333C  GLN*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
    334C  LYS      3.2     3.1    -      -       -      +
    335C  THR*     3.6    28.4    +      -       +      -
    336C  ILE*     3.0    29.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 333 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    274B  THR*     5.3     6.3    +      -       -      +
    339B  GLN*     3.2    33.2    +      -       +      +
    343B  THR*     3.7    21.6    +      -       -      +
    289C  LEU*     3.2    26.8    -      -       +      +
    293C  LEU*     3.8    24.2    -      -       -      +
    296C  GLN*     4.9     0.2    -      -       -      +
    327C  PHE*     3.3    38.0    -      -       +      +
    328C  ALA*     3.0    28.9    -      -       -      +
    330C  SER*     3.6     7.2    -      -       -      +
    332C  ASN*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    334C  LYS*     1.3    60.6    +      -       -      +
    337C  CYS*     3.6     9.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 334 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    338B  GLN*     5.3     3.0    +      -       -      +
    339B  GLN*     4.8     6.2    -      -       +      +
    342B  ASP*     4.0    34.4    +      -       +      +
    512B  LYS*     4.8    11.5    -      -       -      +
    514B  LEU*     5.5     5.3    -      -       -      +
    516B  LYS*     4.6    17.8    -      -       -      +
    285C  VAL*     4.1    23.0    -      -       +      +
    286C  LEU*     4.6     7.9    -      -       +      -
    289C  LEU*     4.6    17.9    -      -       +      -
    332C  ASN      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    333C  GLN*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    335C  THR*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
    337C  CYS*     4.0     3.1    -      -       -      +
    338C  GLN*     3.0    33.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 335 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    270C  TRP*     3.6    23.2    -      -       +      -
    332C  ASN*     3.1    31.1    +      -       +      +
    334C  LYS*     1.3    78.5    -      -       -      +
    336C  ILE*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    338C  GLN*     3.1    16.2    +      -       +      +
    339C  GLN*     3.2    11.4    +      -       -      +
    331D  LYS      5.5     1.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 336 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    268C  VAL*     3.9    20.6    -      -       +      -
    269C  SER      4.6     0.7    -      -       -      +
    270C  TRP*     3.6    46.0    -      -       +      +
    273C  VAL*     3.6    33.8    -      -       +      +
    274C  THR*     5.3     1.6    +      -       -      -
    327C  PHE*     3.5    24.9    -      -       +      -
    330C  SER*     3.3    25.6    -      -       -      +
    332C  ASN*     3.0    14.3    +      -       +      +
    335C  THR*     1.3    77.5    -      -       -      +
    337C  CYS*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    339C  GLN*     3.6     4.5    +      -       -      +
    340C  ALA*     3.5    17.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS 337 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    273C  VAL*     4.2    14.8    -      -       -      -
    285C  VAL*     4.3     9.0    -      -       +      +
    288C  LEU*     3.4    15.3    -      -       +      +
    289C  LEU*     3.6    30.3    -      -       +      -
    292C  TYR*     4.7     1.6    -      -       -      -
    327C  PHE*     3.5    29.6    -      -       -      -
    333C  GLN      3.6     9.5    +      -       -      +
    334C  LYS*     4.3     3.4    -      -       -      +
    336C  ILE*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    338C  GLN*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
    340C  ALA*     3.3    10.2    +      -       -      +
    341C  VAL*     3.0    27.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 338 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    514B  LEU*     5.1     9.9    -      -       -      +
    285C  VAL*     3.3    37.5    -      -       +      +
    334C  LYS*     3.0    27.0    +      -       +      +
    335C  THR*     3.1    13.2    +      -       +      +
    337C  CYS*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    339C  GLN*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    341C  VAL*     3.1    20.0    +      -       -      +
    342C  ASP*     3.0    38.6    +      -       -      +
    334D  LYS*     5.0     5.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 339 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    270C  TRP*     3.2    30.5    -      -       +      +
    274C  THR*     4.2     7.2    +      -       -      +
    335C  THR      3.2     8.1    +      -       -      +
    336C  ILE      3.9     7.2    -      -       -      +
    338C  GLN*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    340C  ALA*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    342C  ASP*     3.2    13.6    +      -       +      +
    343C  THR*     2.9    24.5    +      -       -      +
    289D  LEU*     5.4     1.1    -      -       +      +
    330D  SER      3.2    14.2    +      -       -      +
    331D  LYS      3.5    10.5    +      -       -      -
    332D  ASN*     4.0     0.2    -      -       -      +
    333D  GLN*     2.9    65.5    +      -       +      +
    334D  LYS*     4.5     6.0    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 340 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    273C  VAL*     4.1     4.9    -      -       +      +
    274C  THR*     4.0    19.9    +      -       -      +
    277C  ALA*     3.6    13.6    -      -       +      +
    288C  LEU*     3.4    17.7    -      -       +      -
    336C  ILE      3.5    10.8    +      -       -      +
    337C  CYS*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
    339C  GLN*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    341C  VAL*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    343C  THR*     3.0    11.4    +      -       -      -
    344C  VAL*     2.9    26.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 341 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    282C  CYS      4.3     0.7    -      -       -      +
    283C  ASP*     3.4    30.3    -      -       -      +
    284C  ASP      3.1    29.4    -      -       -      +
    285C  VAL*     3.7    21.8    -      -       +      -
    288C  LEU*     3.9     5.4    -      -       +      -
    337C  CYS      3.0    17.5    -      -       -      +
    338C  GLN*     3.1    10.1    +      -       -      +
    340C  ALA*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    342C  ASP*     1.3    56.8    +      -       -      +
    344C  VAL*     3.0    11.6    +      -       -      +
    345C  LEU*     2.9    39.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 342 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    338C  GLN*     3.0    36.0    +      -       -      +
    339C  GLN*     3.2    13.2    +      -       +      +
    341C  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    343C  THR*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
    345C  LEU*     3.5     9.4    +      -       -      +
    346C  ALA*     2.8    30.4    +      -       -      +
    516C  LYS*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
    286D  LEU*     3.4    29.7    -      -       +      +
    289D  LEU*     4.0    12.5    -      -       +      +
    334D  LYS*     3.8    31.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 343 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    274C  THR*     3.6    24.0    -      -       +      +
    278C  MET*     3.5    31.4    -      -       +      +
    339C  GLN*     2.9    14.4    +      -       -      +
    340C  ALA      3.0     8.4    +      -       -      -
    342C  ASP*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
    344C  VAL*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    346C  ALA*     3.4     7.0    -      -       -      +
    347C  LYS*     3.1    17.3    +      -       -      +
    289D  LEU*     4.8     1.9    -      -       -      +
    293D  LEU*     3.6    24.5    -      -       +      +
    333D  GLN*     3.5    18.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 344 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    277C  ALA*     3.7    28.5    -      -       +      +
    278C  MET*     4.3     9.0    -      -       -      +
    281C  LYS*     3.6    22.2    -      -       -      +
    282C  CYS      3.2    23.6    -      -       -      +
    283C  ASP*     3.9     4.7    -      -       +      +
    340C  ALA      2.9    20.5    +      -       -      +
    341C  VAL      3.0     6.7    +      -       -      +
    343C  THR*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    345C  LEU*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
    347C  LYS*     3.1    19.9    +      -       -      +
    348C  LYS*     3.3    31.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 345 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    283C  ASP*     3.9    30.5    -      -       +      +
    341C  VAL*     2.9    30.9    +      -       +      +
    342C  ASP*     4.0     9.9    -      -       -      +
    344C  VAL*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    346C  ALA*     1.3    52.5    +      -       -      +
    348C  LYS*     3.4    14.9    +      -       +      +
    349C  ARG*     2.8    37.3    +      -       -      +
    466C  ASP*     4.9     1.0    -      -       -      +
    511C  LYS*     4.3    25.1    -      -       +      +
    286D  LEU*     4.3    24.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 346 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    342C  ASP      2.8    19.4    +      -       -      +
    343C  THR*     3.4    11.9    -      -       -      +
    345C  LEU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    347C  LYS*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    349C  ARG*     3.1     9.3    +      -       -      +
    350C  VAL*     3.0    29.7    +      -       -      +
    286D  LEU*     3.5    22.9    -      -       -      +
    289D  LEU*     4.6     4.7    -      -       +      -
    290D  GLY*     3.5    19.3    -      -       -      +
    293D  LEU*     4.9     0.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 347 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    278C  MET*     3.9    26.0    -      -       +      +
    343C  THR      3.1    11.7    +      -       -      +
    344C  VAL*     3.1    12.0    +      -       +      +
    346C  ALA*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    348C  LYS*     1.3    56.3    +      -       +      +
    350C  VAL*     3.0    10.0    +      -       +      +
    351C  ASP*     2.7    56.7    +      -       -      +
    290D  GLY*     5.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
    294D  GLU*     4.4    18.1    +      -       +      +
    304D  LYS*     5.4     7.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 348 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    281C  LYS*     3.7    23.2    +      -       -      +
    283C  ASP*     4.4    11.9    -      -       -      +
    344C  VAL*     3.3    34.9    +      -       -      +
    345C  LEU*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      +
    347C  LYS*     1.3    79.1    -      -       +      +
    349C  ARG*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    351C  ASP*     4.0     9.1    -      -       -      +
    352C  SER*     3.1    27.4    +      -       -      -
    466C  ASP*     4.1    16.8    -      -       +      +
    467C  GLN*     5.5     8.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 349 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    345C  LEU*     2.8    15.7    +      -       -      +
    346C  ALA*     3.1    17.7    +      -       -      +
    348C  LYS*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    350C  VAL*     1.3    56.2    +      -       -      +
    352C  SER*     3.0    13.9    +      -       -      -
    353C  LEU*     4.0     7.1    -      -       -      +
    465C  ILE*     3.1    17.0    -      -       -      +
    466C  ASP*     3.0    29.9    +      -       -      -
    511C  LYS*     3.5    17.6    -      -       -      +
    516C  LYS*     2.9    35.9    +      -       -      +
    517C  ARG*     3.1    27.7    +      -       -      +
    284D  ASP*     4.5     1.2    +      -       -      -
    286D  LEU*     3.4    35.3    -      -       -      +
    287D  LEU*     3.6    38.8    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 350 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    346C  ALA      3.0    16.1    +      -       -      +
    347C  LYS*     3.0    10.5    +      -       +      +
    349C  ARG*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    351C  ASP*     1.3    62.6    +      -       -      +
    352C  SER      3.1     2.0    -      -       -      -
    353C  LEU*     2.9    22.8    +      -       +      +
    354C  GLN*     3.1    42.9    +      -       +      +
    287D  LEU*     4.6     8.7    -      -       +      +
    290D  GLY*     4.0     6.3    -      -       -      +
    291D  MET*     3.6    41.5    -      -       +      +
    294D  GLU*     4.3    11.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 351 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    347C  LYS*     2.7    53.7    +      -       -      +
    348C  LYS*     3.4     8.5    +      -       -      +
    350C  VAL*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    352C  SER*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    353C  LEU      3.0     5.1    +      -       -      -
    354C  GLN*     4.5     3.3    -      -       -      +
    355C  LEU*     3.3    56.0    +      -       +      +
    360C  MET*     4.0     7.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 352 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    348C  LYS      3.1    12.4    +      -       -      -
    349C  ARG      3.0    19.2    +      -       -      -
    351C  ASP*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
    353C  LEU*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
    355C  LEU      4.9     2.9    -      -       -      +
    360C  MET*     4.2    18.6    -      -       -      +
    466C  ASP*     3.1    38.5    +      -       -      -
    467C  GLN      5.5     1.3    -      -       -      -
    517C  ARG*     4.1     5.2    +      -       -      -
    519C  GLN*     5.1     2.7    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 353 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    349C  ARG      4.0     5.4    -      -       -      +
    350C  VAL*     2.9     7.0    +      -       +      +
    352C  SER*     1.3    88.3    -      -       -      +
    354C  GLN*     1.3    67.7    +      -       +      +
    355C  LEU      4.6     2.8    -      -       -      +
    517C  ARG*     3.2    34.3    -      -       -      +
    519C  GLN*     6.0     2.7    -      -       +      -
    287D  LEU*     4.0    26.9    -      -       +      -
    291D  MET*     6.3     1.1    -      -       -      -
    310D  GLN*     4.8     8.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 354 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    350C  VAL*     3.1    38.8    +      -       +      +
    351C  ASP*     5.0     1.8    -      -       -      +
    353C  LEU*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
    355C  LEU*     1.3    68.5    +      -       +      +
    356C  THR*     3.5     6.1    +      -       -      +
    359C  GLN*     4.6     1.4    -      -       -      +
    291D  MET*     4.1    10.9    -      -       +      +
    294D  GLU*     3.7    18.8    +      -       -      -
    304D  LYS*     4.0    21.3    -      -       -      +
    309D  GLU*     4.5     9.7    -      -       +      +
    310D  GLN*     3.2    45.8    +      -       +      +
    313D  HIS*     5.7     2.5    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 355 (chain C). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    351C  ASP*     3.3    48.2    +      -       +      +
    352C  SER      4.9     0.7    -      -       -      +
    353C  LEU      4.6     3.0    -      -       -      +
    354C  GLN*     1.3    83.1    +      -       +      +
    356C  THR*     1.3    69.7    +      -       -      +
    357C  ARG      3.8     0.2    +      -       -      -
    359C  GLN*     3.4    31.6    -      -       +      +
    360C  MET*     3.8    15.8    -      -       +      +
    363C  ASN*     3.6    26.7    -      -       -      +
    309D  GLU*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il