Contacts of the helix formed by residues 412 - 436 (chain A) in PDB entry 4HNE


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASP 412 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    165A  LYS*     3.1    27.1    +      -       -      +
    168A  LYS*     4.6    10.6    -      -       -      +
    188A  GLN*     5.0     0.6    -      -       -      +
    410A  GLY      3.2     2.6    +      -       -      +
    411A  PHE*     1.3    80.4    -      -       -      +
    413A  ARG*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    414A  GLY*     3.1     9.0    +      -       -      -
    415A  GLN*     2.8    56.4    +      -       +      +
    416A  PHE*     3.0    22.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 413 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    402A  TYR*     3.0    36.9    +      -       +      -
    406A  LYS*     5.2     4.2    -      -       -      +
    411A  PHE*     3.7    30.6    -      -       +      -
    412A  ASP*     1.3    73.5    +      -       -      +
    414A  GLY*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    416A  PHE*     3.8     2.4    -      -       +      +
    417A  HIS*     3.0    52.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 414 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    412A  ASP*     3.1     9.7    +      -       -      -
    413A  ARG*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    415A  GLN*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
    417A  HIS*     3.2    16.9    +      -       -      +
    418A  LYS*     3.3    20.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 415 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    165A  LYS*     5.9     0.6    -      -       -      -
    167A  THR*     4.6    19.3    -      -       -      +
    185A  VAL*     3.7    29.4    -      -       +      +
    186A  LEU*     5.3     2.4    -      -       -      +
    188A  GLN*     4.8     5.2    +      -       -      -
    353A  LEU*     3.8    26.2    -      -       +      +
    410A  GLY      4.6     4.2    -      -       -      +
    412A  ASP*     2.8    43.2    +      -       -      +
    414A  GLY*     1.3    69.7    -      -       -      +
    416A  PHE*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
    418A  LYS*     3.1    15.2    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN*     2.9    33.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 416 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    398A  GLU*     3.6    19.5    -      -       +      -
    401A  LEU*     4.0     2.5    -      -       +      -
    402A  TYR*     3.4    52.0    -      +       +      -
    405A  PHE*     3.8    24.2    -      +       -      -
    411A  PHE*     3.6    30.1    -      +       +      -
    412A  ASP      3.0     8.5    +      -       -      +
    413A  ARG*     3.8     5.2    -      -       +      +
    414A  GLY      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    415A  GLN*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    417A  HIS*     1.3    71.5    +      +       -      +
    419A  GLN*     3.2    23.3    +      -       +      +
    420A  ILE*     2.9    57.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 417 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    398A  GLU*     4.8    14.1    +      -       -      -
    402A  TYR*     6.6     0.2    -      +       -      -
    413A  ARG*     3.0    40.5    +      -       +      +
    414A  GLY*     3.2    10.9    +      -       -      +
    416A  PHE*     1.3    86.2    -      +       -      +
    418A  LYS*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
    420A  ILE*     3.4     5.4    +      -       -      +
    421A  ALA*     2.9    30.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 418 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    171A  GLN*     6.0     2.4    -      -       -      +
    353A  LEU*     3.2    34.7    +      -       +      +
    414A  GLY      3.3    17.8    -      -       -      +
    415A  GLN*     3.1    13.2    +      -       -      +
    417A  HIS*     1.3    73.4    -      -       +      +
    419A  GLN*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    421A  ALA*     3.4     6.8    +      -       -      +
    422A  VAL*     3.2    28.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 419 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185A  VAL*     4.1    23.6    -      -       -      +
    188A  GLN*     4.6     5.3    +      -       -      +
    351A  PHE*     3.1    40.1    -      -       +      +
    352A  PRO      3.5    13.0    -      -       -      +
    353A  LEU*     4.0     9.6    -      -       +      +
    405A  PHE*     4.0    17.4    -      -       +      -
    411A  PHE*     5.5     1.8    -      -       -      -
    415A  GLN*     2.9    14.5    +      -       -      +
    416A  PHE*     3.3    41.2    -      -       +      +
    418A  LYS*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    420A  ILE*     1.3    65.8    +      -       +      +
    422A  VAL*     3.5     3.3    +      -       -      +
    423A  MET*     3.2    21.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 420 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    398A  GLU*     3.7    41.1    -      -       +      +
    401A  LEU*     4.1    24.0    -      -       +      -
    416A  PHE*     2.9    50.3    +      -       +      +
    417A  HIS*     4.0     7.9    -      -       -      +
    418A  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    419A  GLN*     1.3    77.4    -      -       +      +
    421A  ALA*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    423A  MET*     3.4    14.9    +      -       +      +
    424A  ARG*     2.9    57.6    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 421 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    417A  HIS      2.9    18.7    +      -       -      +
    418A  LYS*     3.8     7.6    -      -       -      +
    419A  GLN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    420A  ILE*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    422A  VAL*     1.3    66.2    +      -       -      +
    424A  ARG*     3.5     2.9    +      -       -      +
    425A  GLY      3.2     9.9    +      -       -      -
    450A  ILE*     3.8    20.3    -      -       +      -
    451A  VAL      3.1    44.2    +      -       -      +
    452A  GLU*     4.5     9.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 422 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    305A  ARG*     4.6     4.5    -      -       +      -
    352A  PRO*     4.1    25.6    -      -       +      +
    353A  LEU      3.7     5.4    -      -       -      +
    354A  LYS*     3.6    31.4    -      -       -      -
    355A  HIS*     3.7    29.8    -      -       +      +
    418A  LYS      3.2    14.8    +      -       -      +
    419A  GLN      3.7     7.4    -      -       -      +
    421A  ALA*     1.3    76.8    -      -       +      +
    423A  MET*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
    425A  GLY*     3.0     5.5    +      -       -      -
    426A  GLN*     3.0    34.4    +      -       +      +
    449A  VAL      4.0     2.6    -      -       -      +
    450A  ILE*     4.5    12.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 423 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    199A  VAL*     5.1     2.2    -      -       -      -
    303A  ILE*     3.7    32.3    -      -       -      +
    304A  ILE*     5.7     0.4    -      -       -      -
    351A  PHE*     4.8    11.9    -      -       +      -
    394A  VAL*     5.3     3.8    -      -       +      +
    397A  LEU*     3.6    38.6    -      -       +      -
    398A  GLU*     4.8     5.2    -      -       +      +
    401A  LEU*     3.7    27.1    -      -       +      -
    419A  GLN      3.2    15.0    +      -       -      +
    420A  ILE*     3.8    18.4    -      -       +      +
    422A  VAL*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
    424A  ARG*     1.3    58.2    +      -       +      +
    426A  GLN*     3.3     5.0    +      -       -      +
    427A  ILE*     2.9    42.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 424 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    394A  VAL*     4.3    22.7    -      -       +      +
    395A  LYS*     4.9     5.5    -      -       -      +
    398A  GLU*     2.7    35.0    +      -       -      -
    420A  ILE*     2.9    39.3    +      -       +      +
    421A  ALA*     3.6     6.8    -      -       -      +
    423A  MET*     1.3    77.4    -      -       +      +
    425A  GLY*     1.3    57.6    +      -       -      +
    427A  ILE*     3.3    10.0    +      -       -      +
    428A  LEU*     3.0    27.7    +      -       -      +
    451A  VAL*     3.6    36.3    +      -       +      +
    453A  THR*     3.0    39.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 425 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    421A  ALA      3.2     4.2    +      -       -      -
    422A  VAL      3.0     4.8    +      -       -      -
    424A  ARG*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
    426A  GLN*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    428A  LEU*     3.4     2.9    +      -       -      +
    429A  ASN*     3.1    23.0    +      -       -      +
    449A  VAL*     3.3    36.3    -      -       -      +
    451A  VAL*     3.8    16.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 426 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    302A  TYR*     2.9    68.6    +      -       +      +
    303A  ILE*     4.1     8.1    -      -       -      +
    305A  ARG*     3.7    27.6    -      -       +      +
    355A  HIS*     3.1    29.5    +      -       -      -
    422A  VAL*     3.0    21.3    +      -       +      +
    423A  MET*     3.6     9.6    -      -       -      +
    424A  ARG      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    425A  GLY*     1.3    77.2    +      -       -      +
    427A  ILE*     1.3    64.3    +      -       -      +
    429A  ASN*     3.4     0.9    +      -       -      +
    430A  LEU*     3.0    24.8    +      -       -      +
    448A  PRO*     4.9     3.2    -      -       -      +
    449A  VAL      4.8     4.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 427 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    303A  ILE*     4.2    24.9    -      -       +      -
    388A  ILE*     3.6    40.7    -      -       +      +
    394A  VAL*     3.8    32.5    -      -       +      -
    397A  LEU*     4.8     6.7    -      -       +      -
    423A  MET*     2.9    38.9    +      -       +      +
    424A  ARG*     3.3    10.1    +      -       -      +
    426A  GLN*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
    428A  LEU*     1.3    55.2    +      -       -      +
    430A  LEU*     3.3     7.8    +      -       -      +
    431A  THR*     2.6    39.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 428 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    424A  ARG      3.0    14.5    +      -       -      +
    425A  GLY*     3.5     6.5    -      -       -      +
    426A  GLN      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    427A  ILE*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
    429A  ASN*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
    431A  THR*     3.4     9.9    +      -       -      -
    432A  GLN*     3.3    21.9    +      -       +      +
    449A  VAL*     4.5    11.0    -      -       +      -
    451A  VAL*     3.8    26.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 429 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    302A  TYR*     3.0    29.3    +      -       +      +
    425A  GLY      3.1     7.2    +      -       -      +
    426A  GLN*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
    428A  LEU*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
    430A  LEU*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
    432A  GLN*     3.2     6.0    +      -       -      +
    433A  ALA*     3.0    22.9    +      -       -      +
    443A  LEU*     3.9     2.5    -      -       -      -
    446A  MET*     3.4    36.9    -      -       -      +
    447A  PRO*     3.2    24.9    +      -       -      +
    448A  PRO*     4.7     2.2    -      -       -      +
    449A  VAL*     3.3    23.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 430 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    299A  VAL*     4.2    13.9    -      -       +      -
    302A  TYR*     4.2    14.4    -      -       +      -
    303A  ILE*     3.8    26.0    -      -       +      -
    376A  PHE*     4.4    13.9    -      -       +      -
    384A  ILE*     4.1     6.1    -      -       +      -
    388A  ILE*     3.6    14.1    -      -       +      -
    426A  GLN      3.0    17.5    +      -       -      +
    427A  ILE*     3.4     6.1    -      -       -      +
    429A  ASN*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    431A  THR*     1.3    53.1    +      -       -      +
    433A  ALA      3.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
    434A  LEU*     2.8    62.9    +      -       +      +
    443A  LEU*     3.7    29.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 431 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    385A  LEU*     3.8    19.3    -      -       +      -
    388A  ILE*     3.4    18.4    +      -       +      +
    389A  SER*     4.0    13.5    -      -       -      -
    427A  ILE*     2.6    26.6    +      -       -      +
    428A  LEU*     3.5    13.2    +      -       -      -
    429A  ASN      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    430A  LEU*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    432A  GLN*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    434A  LEU*     3.1     6.0    +      -       -      +
    435A  LYS*     2.8    50.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 432 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    428A  LEU*     3.3    10.5    +      -       +      +
    429A  ASN*     3.2     9.5    +      -       -      +
    431A  THR*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    433A  ALA*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
    435A  LYS*     2.9    16.5    +      -       -      +
    436A  ASP*     2.7    65.2    +      -       -      +
    438A  LYS*     6.4     0.7    -      -       +      -
    446A  MET*     4.0    18.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 433 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    376A  PHE*     4.2     7.2    -      -       +      -
    429A  ASN      3.0    15.9    +      -       -      +
    430A  LEU      3.7     2.2    -      -       -      +
    432A  GLN*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    434A  LEU*     1.3    61.6    -      -       -      +
    437A  ASN*     3.4     3.6    +      -       -      -
    438A  LYS*     3.0    59.6    +      -       +      +
    443A  LEU*     3.7    27.8    -      -       +      -
    446A  MET*     4.2     2.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 434 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    299A  VAL*     5.0     2.2    -      -       +      -
    376A  PHE*     3.5    45.8    -      -       +      -
    380A  ILE*     4.5     7.9    -      -       +      -
    381A  LYS*     3.3    47.0    +      -       +      +
    384A  ILE*     3.8    20.2    -      -       +      -
    385A  LEU*     4.0    19.0    -      -       +      +
    388A  ILE*     4.3     4.7    -      -       +      -
    430A  LEU*     2.8    52.0    +      -       +      +
    431A  THR      3.4     4.7    -      -       -      +
    432A  GLN      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    433A  ALA*     1.3    74.6    -      -       -      +
    435A  LYS*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    437A  ASN*     3.8     0.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 435 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    381A  LYS*     4.6     1.7    +      -       -      +
    385A  LEU*     4.2    20.2    -      -       +      -
    389A  SER*     5.1     6.9    -      -       -      -
    431A  THR*     2.8    40.0    +      -       +      +
    432A  GLN*     3.5    18.1    +      -       -      +
    434A  LEU*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    436A  ASP*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
    437A  ASN*     3.3    13.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 436 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    432A  GLN*     2.7    52.4    +      -       -      +
    433A  ALA      4.7     0.2    -      -       -      +
    435A  LYS*     1.3    75.9    -      -       -      +
    437A  ASN*     1.3    75.3    +      -       -      +
    438A  LYS*     3.0    17.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
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Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il