Contacts of the helix formed by residues 43 - 72 (chain A) in PDB entry 4LL7


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with SER 43 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  ARG*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
     45A  VAL*     2.8    29.1    -      -       -      +
     46A  ILE*     3.2    27.3    +      -       -      +
     47A  GLU*     3.4    22.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 44 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  SER*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
     45A  VAL*     1.3    62.9    +      -       +      +
     47A  GLU*     5.8     0.7    -      -       -      -
     48A  SER*     3.0    27.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 45 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  SER      2.8    31.6    -      -       -      +
     44A  ARG*     1.3    84.2    -      -       +      +
     46A  ILE*     1.3    73.1    +      -       +      +
     48A  SER*     3.5     3.3    -      -       -      -
     49A  LEU*     3.0    26.4    +      -       -      +
     46C  ILE*     3.7    30.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 46 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  SER*     3.2    21.9    +      -       -      +
     45A  VAL*     1.3    88.9    -      -       +      +
     47A  GLU*     1.3    62.8    +      -       +      +
     49A  LEU*     2.8    14.0    -      -       -      +
     50A  HIS*     2.8    54.9    +      -       +      +
     46C  ILE*     5.4     6.5    -      -       +      -
     49C  LEU*     4.3    12.3    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 47 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     43A  SER*     3.4    15.7    +      -       -      +
     44A  ARG*     5.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
     46A  ILE*     1.3    75.9    -      -       +      +
     48A  SER*     1.3    65.4    +      -       -      +
     49A  LEU      3.1     1.1    -      -       -      -
     50A  HIS*     3.4    19.0    -      -       +      +
     51A  ASP*     3.0    30.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 48 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     44A  ARG      3.0    22.8    +      -       -      -
     45A  VAL*     3.5     4.5    -      -       -      -
     46A  ILE      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     47A  GLU*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
     49A  LEU*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
     51A  ASP*     3.3    24.0    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLN*     3.8     9.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 49 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     45A  VAL      3.0    10.6    +      -       -      +
     46A  ILE*     2.8    13.0    +      -       -      +
     48A  SER*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
     50A  HIS*     1.3    60.2    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLN*     3.1    24.6    +      -       -      +
     53A  ILE*     3.5     5.7    +      -       +      +
     46C  ILE*     3.5    29.4    -      -       +      -
     49C  LEU*     3.1    52.7    -      -       +      +
     50C  HIS*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
     53C  ILE*     4.1    23.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 50 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     46A  ILE*     2.8    48.4    +      -       +      +
     47A  GLU*     3.4    25.1    -      -       +      +
     48A  SER      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
     49A  LEU*     1.3    69.2    -      -       -      +
     51A  ASP*     1.3    55.3    +      -       -      +
     52A  GLN      2.6    16.6    +      -       -      -
     53A  ILE*     2.7    29.0    +      -       +      +
     54A  ASP*     3.0    14.0    +      -       -      +
     49C  LEU*     4.4    20.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 51 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     47A  GLU*     3.0    21.1    +      -       -      +
     48A  SER*     3.3    15.8    +      -       -      +
     50A  HIS*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
     52A  GLN*     1.3    57.7    +      -       +      +
     54A  ASP*     3.0    30.2    -      -       -      +
     55A  MET*     3.6    11.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 52 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     48A  SER      3.8     8.3    +      -       -      +
     49A  LEU*     3.1    18.1    +      -       -      +
     50A  HIS      2.6     4.9    +      -       -      -
     51A  ASP*     1.3    77.3    -      -       +      +
     53A  ILE*     1.3    59.5    +      -       -      +
     54A  ASP      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
     55A  MET*     3.2     8.5    +      -       -      +
     56A  LEU*     2.9    33.3    +      -       +      +
     53C  ILE*     4.0    23.7    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 53 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     49A  LEU*     4.0    12.3    -      -       +      +
     50A  HIS*     2.7    24.9    +      -       +      +
     52A  GLN*     1.3    72.1    -      -       -      +
     54A  ASP*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
     56A  LEU*     3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
     57A  THR*     2.9    34.7    +      -       -      +
     49C  LEU*     4.2     9.4    -      -       +      +
     52C  GLN*     4.3    17.0    -      -       +      +
     53C  ILE*     3.1    47.8    -      -       +      +
     56C  LEU*     3.5    16.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 54 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     50A  HIS      3.0     7.9    +      -       -      +
     51A  ASP*     3.0    37.7    -      -       -      +
     53A  ILE*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     55A  MET*     1.3    79.3    +      -       -      +
     57A  THR*     3.2     9.0    +      -       -      -
     58A  LYS*     3.0    52.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 55 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     51A  ASP      3.6    14.1    -      -       -      +
     52A  GLN*     3.2    12.2    +      -       -      +
     54A  ASP*     1.3    88.1    +      -       -      +
     56A  LEU*     1.3    60.8    +      -       +      +
     58A  LYS*     3.3    12.3    +      -       +      +
     59A  THR*     2.9    35.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 56 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     52A  GLN*     2.9    13.3    +      -       +      +
     53A  ILE      3.4     2.9    -      -       -      +
     55A  MET*     1.3    78.3    -      -       +      +
     57A  THR*     1.3    57.2    +      -       -      +
     59A  THR*     3.2     9.5    +      -       +      +
     60A  ASN*     2.7    37.6    +      -       -      +
     53C  ILE*     3.5    34.3    -      -       +      +
     56C  LEU*     3.2    42.4    -      -       +      -
     57C  THR*     3.7    14.6    -      -       +      -
     60C  ASN*     4.1    18.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 57 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53A  ILE*     2.9    19.0    +      -       -      +
     54A  ASP*     3.2    11.7    +      -       -      -
     56A  LEU*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
     58A  LYS*     1.3    58.5    +      -       +      +
     60A  ASN*     3.2     9.1    +      -       +      +
     61A  LEU*     3.0    30.4    +      -       +      +
     56C  LEU*     3.9    13.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 58 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54A  ASP*     3.0    46.5    +      -       -      +
     55A  MET*     3.4    13.0    -      -       +      +
     56A  LEU      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     57A  THR*     1.3    78.1    -      -       +      +
     59A  THR*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
     61A  LEU*     3.3     9.2    +      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     3.1    29.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 59 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     55A  MET*     2.9    20.9    +      -       -      +
     56A  LEU*     3.2    16.1    +      -       +      +
     58A  LYS*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     60A  ASN*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     3.4     7.1    +      -       -      +
     63A  LEU*     3.0    50.6    +      -       +      +
     60C  ASN*     4.6    12.1    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 60 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     56A  LEU      2.7    27.6    +      -       -      +
     57A  THR*     3.5    10.8    -      -       +      +
     59A  THR*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
     61A  LEU*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
     63A  LEU      3.4     0.5    +      -       -      -
     64A  THR*     2.8    39.5    +      -       +      +
     56C  LEU*     3.8    16.6    +      -       -      +
     59C  THR*     3.1    40.2    -      -       -      +
     60C  ASN*     3.4    16.9    +      -       -      +
     63C  LEU*     3.3    20.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 61 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     57A  THR*     3.0    17.8    +      -       +      +
     58A  LYS*     3.3    11.2    +      -       -      +
     60A  ASN*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     1.3    75.6    +      -       -      +
     64A  THR*     2.5    22.3    +      -       -      +
     65A  THR*     2.9    32.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 62 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     58A  LYS*     3.1    19.5    +      -       +      +
     59A  THR*     3.6     8.5    -      -       -      +
     61A  LEU*     1.3    86.2    -      -       -      +
     63A  LEU*     1.3    70.4    +      -       +      +
     65A  THR*     2.6    25.9    +      -       -      -
     66A  GLN*     2.9    11.6    +      -       -      +
    210A  SO4      2.8    46.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 63 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  THR*     3.0    37.6    +      -       +      +
     60A  ASN      3.8     2.7    -      -       -      +
     62A  GLN*     1.3    85.8    -      -       +      +
     64A  THR*     1.3    56.4    +      -       -      +
     66A  GLN*     3.0    18.0    -      -       -      +
     67A  SER*     3.0    29.9    +      -       -      -
     60C  ASN*     3.1    38.4    -      -       +      +
     63C  LEU*     3.7    18.5    -      -       +      +
     64C  THR*     3.8    21.3    -      -       -      +
     67C  SER*     5.5     3.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 64 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     60A  ASN*     2.8    31.5    +      -       +      +
     61A  LEU*     2.5    27.4    +      -       -      +
     63A  LEU*     1.3    68.9    -      -       -      +
     65A  THR*     1.3    59.1    +      -       -      +
     66A  GLN      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
     67A  SER*     3.1    10.4    +      -       -      +
     68A  GLN*     2.7    36.6    +      -       -      +
     59C  THR*     6.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
     63C  LEU*     3.8    23.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 65 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     61A  LEU*     2.9    37.4    +      -       +      +
     62A  GLN*     2.6    25.7    +      -       -      +
     64A  THR*     1.3    78.3    +      -       -      +
     66A  GLN*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
     68A  GLN*     2.9    18.6    -      -       +      +
     69A  ASN*     2.9    28.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 66 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     62A  GLN*     2.9    12.6    +      -       -      +
     63A  LEU*     3.0    27.3    -      -       -      +
     65A  THR*     1.3    74.1    +      -       -      +
     67A  SER*     1.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
     68A  GLN      2.8     8.9    +      -       -      -
     69A  ASN*     2.4    37.8    +      -       -      +
     70A  LEU*     2.8    22.5    -      -       +      +
     67C  SER*     3.5    22.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 67 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     63A  LEU      3.0    12.9    +      -       -      -
     64A  THR*     3.1    10.7    +      -       -      -
     66A  GLN*     1.3    74.0    -      -       -      +
     68A  GLN*     1.3    59.3    +      -       -      +
     70A  LEU*     3.7     2.0    -      -       -      +
     71A  LEU*     3.5    22.4    +      -       -      +
     63C  LEU*     3.9    18.0    +      -       -      +
     66C  GLN*     4.0    18.7    +      -       -      +
     67C  SER*     4.2     3.8    +      -       -      -
     70C  LEU*     3.6    24.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 68 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64A  THR*     2.7    28.3    -      -       -      +
     65A  THR*     2.9    26.0    -      -       -      +
     66A  GLN      2.8     0.4    -      -       -      -
     67A  SER*     1.3    77.6    -      -       -      +
     69A  ASN*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
     70A  LEU      3.1     2.2    +      -       -      -
     71A  LEU*     3.4     4.1    +      -       -      +
     72A  SER*     3.3    24.4    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 69 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65A  THR      2.9    11.6    +      -       -      +
     66A  GLN*     2.4    38.9    +      -       -      +
     68A  GLN*     1.3    78.0    -      -       -      +
     70A  LEU*     1.3    86.6    +      -       -      +
     72A  SER*     3.6     7.8    +      -       -      -
     73A  LYS*     3.4    41.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 70 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     66A  GLN*     2.8    44.9    +      -       +      +
     67A  SER*     3.7     0.7    -      -       -      -
     69A  ASN*     1.3    97.6    -      -       -      +
     71A  LEU*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
     72A  SER      2.8     5.2    -      -       -      -
     73A  LYS*     2.9    10.7    +      -       +      +
     74A  LEU*     2.9    33.5    +      -       -      +
     67C  SER*     4.4     9.2    -      -       -      +
     70C  LEU*     3.3    45.8    -      -       +      +
     71C  LEU*     4.6    15.0    -      -       +      +
     74C  LEU*     5.2    11.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 71 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     67A  SER      3.5    18.8    +      -       -      +
     68A  GLN*     3.4     6.0    +      -       -      +
     70A  LEU*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
     72A  SER*     1.3    51.2    +      -       -      +
     73A  LYS      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
     74A  LEU*     4.5    11.0    -      -       +      -
     75A  GLU*     2.4    55.2    +      -       +      +
     70C  LEU*     4.5    20.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 72 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68A  GLN      3.3    16.2    +      -       -      -
     69A  ASN*     3.7     9.9    -      -       -      -
     70A  LEU      2.8     0.8    -      -       -      -
     71A  LEU*     1.3    79.1    -      -       -      +
     73A  LYS*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
     75A  GLU*     3.7    12.6    +      -       -      +
     76A  LEU*     3.1    26.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il