Contacts of the helix formed by residues 305 - 330 (chain A) in PDB entry 4MDH


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 305 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    195A  ASN*     3.8    28.1    +      -       -      +
    303A  PRO      4.0     6.2    -      -       -      +
    304A  ILE*     1.3    69.7    -      -       -      +
    306A  ASP*     1.3    66.8    +      -       -      +
    307A  PHE*     3.5     9.5    -      -       +      +
    308A  SER*     2.8    22.6    +      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     2.8    31.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 306 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    305A  ASN*     1.3    76.7    -      -       -      +
    307A  PHE*     1.4    54.8    +      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     2.8    47.1    +      -       -      +
    310A  GLU*     2.9    19.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 307 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    191A  TYR*     3.4    27.8    -      +       -      -
    195A  ASN*     5.8     0.2    -      -       -      -
    209A  TYR*     5.3     2.9    -      -       -      -
    218A  LEU      5.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    219A  LYS*     3.2    63.3    -      -       +      -
    223A  ILE*     4.2     2.5    -      -       +      -
    305A  ASN*     4.1     7.1    -      -       +      +
    306A  ASP*     1.4    76.2    -      -       -      +
    308A  SER*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    310A  GLU*     3.2    20.2    -      -       +      +
    311A  LYS*     3.0    47.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 308 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    191A  TYR*     3.6    32.4    +      -       -      -
    193A  ASP*     4.2     6.5    -      -       -      -
    195A  ASN*     3.8     6.1    +      -       -      -
    304A  ILE*     4.4     7.9    -      -       -      -
    305A  ASN*     2.8    35.0    +      -       -      -
    306A  ASP      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    307A  PHE*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    311A  LYS*     3.3     2.1    +      -       -      +
    312A  MET*     3.0    32.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 309 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    304A  ILE*     3.0    38.7    +      -       +      +
    305A  ASN*     2.8    21.4    +      -       -      +
    306A  ASP*     2.8    34.5    +      -       -      +
    308A  SER*     1.3    70.2    -      -       -      +
    310A  GLU*     1.3    53.7    -      -       -      +
    312A  MET*     2.9     9.1    +      -       -      +
    313A  ASP*     2.6    45.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 310 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    306A  ASP      2.9     9.4    +      -       -      +
    307A  PHE*     3.2    17.8    -      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     1.3    80.7    -      -       -      +
    311A  LYS*     1.3    62.1    +      -       +      +
    313A  ASP*     3.4     5.2    +      -       -      +
    314A  LEU*     3.0    41.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 311 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189A  THR      4.4     3.5    -      -       -      +
    190A  GLN      5.4     2.0    -      -       -      +
    191A  TYR*     3.5    41.1    -      -       +      +
    219A  LYS      3.7     5.7    +      -       -      -
    223A  ILE*     2.9    37.1    -      -       +      +
    307A  PHE*     3.0    49.9    +      -       -      +
    308A  SER      3.3     1.0    +      -       -      +
    309A  ARG      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
    310A  GLU*     1.3    82.5    -      -       +      +
    312A  MET*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    314A  LEU*     3.4    11.9    +      -       +      +
    315A  THR*     3.3    24.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with MET 312 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    183A  TRP*     3.6    57.0    -      -       +      -
    191A  TYR*     4.1     5.4    -      -       +      -
    277A  TYR*     4.1    23.3    -      -       +      +
    279A  VAL*     4.6     9.5    -      -       +      +
    285A  TYR*     2.7    28.3    +      -       -      +
    304A  ILE*     3.8    30.7    -      -       +      -
    308A  SER*     3.0    20.2    +      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     2.9     8.2    +      -       -      +
    311A  LYS*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    313A  ASP*     1.4    58.3    +      -       -      +
    315A  THR*     3.3     3.3    -      -       -      +
    316A  ALA*     3.2    19.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 313 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    278A  GLY      4.2    14.9    -      -       -      +
    279A  VAL*     5.7     2.3    -      -       -      +
    280A  PRO*     5.5     2.6    -      -       -      +
    309A  ARG*     2.6    26.8    +      -       -      +
    310A  GLU*     4.0     4.8    -      -       -      +
    312A  MET*     1.4    72.1    -      -       -      +
    314A  LEU*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    315A  THR      3.2     0.6    +      -       -      -
    316A  ALA*     3.4     7.3    +      -       -      +
    317A  LYS*     3.4    23.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 314 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    189A  THR*     4.8    12.6    +      -       +      +
    310A  GLU*     3.0    29.0    +      -       -      +
    311A  LYS*     3.5    12.8    -      -       +      +
    313A  ASP*     1.3    78.9    -      -       -      +
    315A  THR*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    317A  LYS*     3.5    25.9    +      -       +      +
    318A  GLU*     3.5    18.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 315 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    183A  TRP*     4.0     3.4    -      -       +      +
    184A  GLY*     3.2    25.6    -      -       -      +
    185A  ASN*     2.9    22.5    +      -       -      +
    189A  THR*     2.7    41.8    +      -       -      +
    191A  TYR*     5.3     0.9    -      -       +      +
    285A  TYR*     3.2    17.0    -      -       -      +
    311A  LYS      3.3     8.9    +      -       -      +
    312A  MET*     3.3     5.6    -      -       -      +
    314A  LEU*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    316A  ALA*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    317A  LYS      3.0     4.5    -      -       -      -
    318A  GLU*     3.4     1.8    +      -       -      +
    319A  LEU*     2.9    30.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 316 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    279A  VAL*     4.0     5.4    -      -       +      -
    280A  PRO*     4.0    29.1    -      -       +      +
    283A  LEU*     4.0     7.4    -      -       +      +
    285A  TYR*     3.5    23.8    -      -       +      -
    312A  MET      3.2    13.1    +      -       -      +
    313A  ASP*     3.4     8.9    +      -       -      +
    315A  THR*     1.3    77.1    -      -       -      +
    317A  LYS*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    319A  LEU*     3.8     8.0    -      -       -      +
    320A  ALA*     3.2    23.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 317 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    313A  ASP      3.4    15.6    +      -       -      +
    314A  LEU*     3.6    25.8    -      -       +      +
    315A  THR      3.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
    316A  ALA*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
    318A  GLU*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
    319A  LEU      3.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
    320A  ALA*     3.3     6.3    +      -       +      +
    321A  GLU*     2.7    55.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 318 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    185A  ASN*     2.3    30.8    +      -       -      +
    187A  SER*     2.4    24.2    +      -       -      -
    188A  SER*     5.1     1.9    +      -       -      -
    189A  THR*     3.0    30.0    +      -       +      +
    314A  LEU      3.5    10.2    +      -       -      +
    315A  THR      3.4     6.7    +      -       -      +
    317A  LYS*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
    319A  LEU*     1.3    59.2    +      -       -      +
    321A  GLU*     3.1    20.6    +      -       +      +
    322A  GLU*     2.8    42.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 319 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    133A  ASN*     4.7     5.4    -      -       +      +
    134A  THR*     4.4     4.1    +      -       -      +
    184A  GLY      4.1     4.9    -      -       -      -
    185A  ASN*     2.9    48.7    -      -       +      +
    283A  LEU*     4.1    16.3    -      -       +      +
    284A  LEU      3.7    21.8    -      -       -      +
    285A  TYR*     2.9    41.5    -      -       +      -
    315A  THR      2.9    21.3    +      -       -      +
    316A  ALA*     3.8     6.7    -      -       -      +
    318A  GLU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    320A  ALA*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
    322A  GLU*     3.3     8.8    -      -       -      +
    323A  LYS*     2.9    26.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 320 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    280A  PRO*     6.3     1.3    -      -       +      -
    283A  LEU*     4.1    10.7    -      -       +      +
    316A  ALA      3.2    13.1    +      -       -      +
    317A  LYS*     3.3    11.4    -      -       +      +
    319A  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    321A  GLU*     1.3    68.5    +      -       -      +
    323A  LYS*     3.2    10.6    +      -       -      +
    324A  GLU*     3.0    31.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 321 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    317A  LYS*     2.7    39.6    +      -       +      +
    318A  GLU*     3.1    28.3    +      -       +      +
    320A  ALA*     1.3    76.2    -      -       -      +
    322A  GLU*     1.4    59.0    +      -       +      +
    324A  GLU*     3.0    33.8    +      -       -      +
    325A  THR*     3.2    11.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 322 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  LEU*     5.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
    131A  PRO*     4.1    21.1    -      -       +      +
    134A  THR*     2.8    32.4    +      -       +      +
    185A  ASN*     3.1    33.2    +      -       -      +
    187A  SER*     4.3     2.9    +      -       -      -
    318A  GLU*     2.8    22.0    +      -       +      +
    319A  LEU*     3.3     7.4    -      -       -      +
    321A  GLU*     1.4    74.8    -      -       +      +
    323A  LYS*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    325A  THR*     3.4     9.7    +      -       -      +
    326A  ALA*     3.1    23.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 323 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134A  THR*     4.4     7.1    +      -       +      +
    137A  LEU*     3.1    31.0    -      -       +      -
    281A  ASP      4.7     1.4    +      -       -      -
    282A  ASP*     2.3    55.5    +      -       -      +
    283A  LEU*     4.2    12.1    -      -       +      +
    319A  LEU      2.9    13.8    +      -       -      +
    320A  ALA*     3.2    11.2    -      -       -      +
    322A  GLU*     1.3    73.4    -      -       -      +
    324A  GLU*     1.4    65.1    +      -       +      +
    326A  ALA*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
    327A  PHE*     3.1    50.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 324 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    320A  ALA*     3.0    27.3    +      -       +      +
    321A  GLU*     3.1    18.0    -      -       -      +
    323A  LYS*     1.4    78.7    -      -       +      +
    325A  THR*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    327A  PHE*     4.1     3.0    -      -       -      +
    328A  GLU*     3.3    27.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 325 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  LEU*     3.9    24.8    -      -       +      +
    102A  LYS*     3.9    29.6    -      -       +      -
    321A  GLU      3.2    13.4    +      -       -      -
    322A  GLU*     3.5    11.1    -      -       -      -
    323A  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    324A  GLU*     1.3    79.2    -      -       -      +
    326A  ALA*     1.3    62.1    +      -       -      +
    328A  GLU*     3.8     4.7    -      -       -      +
    329A  PHE*     3.2    21.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 326 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102A  LYS*     6.2     1.3    -      -       -      -
    105A  VAL*     4.0    22.6    -      -       +      +
    134A  THR*     3.7    22.4    -      -       +      -
    138A  THR*     4.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
    322A  GLU      3.1    14.3    +      -       -      +
    323A  LYS*     3.2     4.4    +      -       -      +
    325A  THR*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
    327A  PHE*     1.3    66.5    +      -       +      +
    328A  GLU      3.0     4.3    -      -       -      -
    329A  PHE*     3.0    22.7    +      -       -      +
    330A  LEU*     3.0    18.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 327 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    134A  THR*     6.1     1.1    -      -       +      -
    137A  LEU*     4.1    13.2    -      -       +      -
    138A  THR*     3.9    29.2    -      -       +      -
    141A  LYS*     3.6    35.7    -      -       +      -
    323A  LYS*     3.1    41.7    +      -       +      +
    324A  GLU*     4.1     2.9    -      -       -      +
    326A  ALA*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
    328A  GLU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    330A  LEU*     4.1    16.8    -      -       +      -
    331A  SER*     3.0    23.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 328 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    324A  GLU*     3.3    19.5    +      -       -      +
    325A  THR*     3.8     5.8    -      -       -      +
    326A  ALA      3.0     1.0    -      -       -      -
    327A  PHE*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    329A  PHE*     1.3    63.4    -      -       -      +
    330A  LEU      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    331A  SER*     3.5     3.5    +      -       -      -
    332A  SER*     2.8    31.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with PHE 329 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102A  LYS*     3.4    62.6    -      -       +      -
    103A  ALA*     5.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
    105A  VAL*     4.1    14.1    -      -       +      -
    106A  LYS*     5.3    10.7    -      -       +      -
    325A  THR      3.2    10.2    +      -       -      +
    326A  ALA*     3.0    11.8    +      -       -      +
    328A  GLU*     1.3    81.1    -      -       -      +
    330A  LEU*     1.3    65.2    +      -       +      +
    332A  SER*     3.3    21.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 330 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    105A  VAL*     3.8    22.9    -      -       +      -
    106A  LYS*     3.9    44.7    +      -       +      +
    109A  LYS*     4.1    26.0    +      -       +      +
    138A  THR*     3.3    34.5    -      -       +      +
    326A  ALA      3.0    15.2    +      -       -      +
    327A  PHE*     4.1    18.4    -      -       +      -
    329A  PHE*     1.3    80.6    -      -       +      +
    331A  SER*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
    332A  SER      3.2     5.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il