Contacts of the helix formed by residues 112 - 135 (chain B) in PDB entry 4PKO


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with ASN 112 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    110B  GLY      3.7     2.7    +      -       -      -
    111B  MET*     1.3    71.2    -      -       -      +
    113B  PRO*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
    114B  MET*     3.4    14.1    +      -       -      +
    115B  ASP*     3.1    38.0    +      -       -      +
    116B  LEU*     3.1    20.5    +      -       -      +
    118B  ARG*     5.7     0.6    -      -       -      +
    435B  ASP*     3.3    20.0    +      -       -      +
     33C  PRO      5.4     0.2    +      -       -      -
     34C  LYS*     3.5    46.5    -      -       +      +
     36C  ARG*     5.1     1.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO 113 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     13B  ARG*     5.9     0.4    -      -       -      +
    107B  VAL*     3.9    16.8    -      -       +      -
    111B  MET      3.1     9.4    -      -       -      +
    112B  ASN*     1.3    90.5    -      -       -      +
    114B  MET*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    116B  LEU*     2.8    31.8    +      -       +      +
    117B  LYS*     3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
    515B  ILE*     3.7    22.1    -      -       +      +
    516B  THR*     4.1    16.9    -      -       +      +
     36C  ARG*     3.8    41.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MET 114 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112B  ASN*     3.4    13.6    +      -       -      +
    113B  PRO*     1.3    80.3    -      -       -      +
    115B  ASP*     1.3    58.7    -      -       -      +
    117B  LYS*     3.6    17.6    +      -       +      +
    118B  ARG*     3.4    47.1    +      -       +      +
    513B  LEU*     6.3     1.6    -      -       +      -
    516B  THR*     4.4    19.3    -      -       -      +
     33C  PRO      4.4    16.4    -      -       -      +
     34C  LYS*     5.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
     35C  GLY      4.6    14.4    -      -       -      +
     36C  ARG*     6.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
     37C  ASN*     4.5    15.7    -      -       -      +
     51C  LYS*     5.3     4.7    -      -       +      -
    153C  ASN*     3.7    22.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 115 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112B  ASN*     3.1    34.2    +      -       -      +
    113B  PRO      3.1     0.2    -      -       -      -
    114B  MET*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
    116B  LEU*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
    117B  LYS      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    118B  ARG*     3.5    13.3    +      -       -      -
    119B  GLY      3.0    21.3    +      -       -      -
    433B  ASN*     3.1    27.3    +      -       -      +
    435B  ASP*     3.8    13.9    -      -       +      -
    436B  GLN*     3.2    37.9    +      -       +      +
     34C  LYS*     4.2    10.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 116 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    103B  GLY*     4.1     4.0    -      -       -      +
    106B  ALA*     4.0    19.5    -      -       +      -
    107B  VAL*     3.9    28.9    -      -       +      +
    111B  MET*     4.6     8.5    -      -       +      +
    112B  ASN      3.1    14.2    +      -       -      +
    113B  PRO*     2.8    20.0    +      -       +      +
    115B  ASP*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    117B  LYS*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    119B  GLY*     3.2     1.8    +      -       -      +
    120B  ILE*     3.0    36.1    +      -       +      +
    435B  ASP*     3.3    23.8    -      -       -      +
    438B  VAL*     4.2    14.6    -      -       +      -
    439B  GLY*     3.7    19.4    -      -       -      +
    442B  VAL*     5.6     1.3    -      -       +      -
    515B  ILE*     4.2    14.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 117 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    113B  PRO      3.0    10.4    +      -       -      +
    114B  MET*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      +
    116B  LEU*     1.3    74.1    -      -       -      +
    118B  ARG*     1.3    65.9    +      -       +      +
    120B  ILE*     3.3     8.6    +      -       -      +
    121B  ASP*     2.8    57.1    +      -       -      +
    508B  ALA      4.7     1.0    +      -       -      -
    509B  SER*     4.3    11.1    +      -       -      +
    512B  GLY*     3.5    28.2    -      -       -      +
    513B  LEU*     3.9    37.1    -      -       +      +
    515B  ILE*     4.8     1.3    -      -       +      +
    516B  THR*     4.6     7.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG 118 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112B  ASN*     5.7     0.4    -      -       -      +
    114B  MET*     3.4    42.0    +      -       +      +
    115B  ASP*     3.7    19.3    +      -       -      +
    116B  LEU      3.3     0.4    -      -       -      -
    117B  LYS*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
    119B  GLY*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
    121B  ASP*     4.2     4.5    -      -       -      +
    122B  LYS*     3.2    24.4    +      -       -      +
    432B  GLN*     5.2     3.4    -      -       -      -
    436B  GLN*     3.9    25.7    -      -       -      +
     33C  PRO      5.2     4.2    +      -       -      -
    153C  ASN*     3.6    25.1    +      -       -      +
    154C  SER*     3.9    19.6    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY 119 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115B  ASP      3.0    13.0    +      -       -      -
    116B  LEU      3.2     3.3    +      -       -      -
    117B  LYS      3.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
    118B  ARG*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    120B  ILE*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
    122B  LYS*     3.4     4.1    +      -       -      +
    123B  ALA      3.0    17.2    +      -       -      -
    431B  GLY*     6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    436B  GLN*     3.4    29.1    -      -       -      +
    440B  ILE*     3.1    24.4    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 120 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99B  ILE*     3.8    30.7    -      -       +      -
    116B  LEU*     3.0    21.7    +      -       +      +
    117B  LYS*     3.8     5.8    -      -       -      +
    119B  GLY*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
    121B  ASP*     1.3    54.1    +      -       -      +
    123B  ALA*     2.8     7.2    +      -       -      +
    124B  VAL*     2.5    49.9    +      -       +      +
    439B  GLY*     3.2    25.8    -      -       -      +
    442B  VAL*     4.8     7.2    -      -       +      -
    443B  ALA*     4.2    11.2    -      -       +      +
    508B  ALA*     4.5    13.0    -      -       +      +
    512B  GLY*     4.8     6.3    -      -       -      -
    515B  ILE*     4.0    21.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 121 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    117B  LYS*     2.8    53.5    +      -       -      +
    118B  ARG*     4.2     4.4    -      -       -      +
    120B  ILE*     1.3    80.1    -      -       -      +
    122B  LYS*     1.3    57.3    +      -       -      +
    124B  VAL*     3.7     7.6    -      -       -      +
    125B  THR*     2.8    38.3    +      -       -      +
    508B  ALA*     4.4    19.9    -      -       -      +
    509B  SER*     5.2     1.4    +      -       -      -
    512B  GLY*     5.6     0.6    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 122 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118B  ARG      3.2    19.3    +      -       -      +
    119B  GLY*     3.7     5.2    -      -       -      +
    120B  ILE      3.2     0.8    -      -       -      -
    121B  ASP*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    123B  ALA*     1.3    63.0    +      -       -      +
    125B  THR*     4.0     4.2    -      -       -      -
    126B  ALA*     3.1    25.2    +      -       +      +
    429B  LEU*     3.9    19.8    -      -       +      +
    430B  ARG      2.9    29.4    +      -       -      +
    431B  GLY*     4.0    13.9    -      -       -      -
    432B  GLN*     5.2     2.4    -      -       -      +
    436B  GLN*     5.6     2.7    -      -       -      +
    440B  ILE*     4.7     3.6    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 123 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    119B  GLY      3.0    13.7    +      -       -      +
    120B  ILE      2.8    11.3    +      -       -      +
    122B  LYS*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
    124B  VAL*     1.3    55.3    +      -       -      +
    126B  ALA      3.4     0.7    +      -       -      -
    127B  ALA*     3.0    29.0    +      -       -      +
    426B  LEU*     3.5     6.9    -      -       +      +
    429B  LEU*     4.0    11.4    -      -       -      +
    440B  ILE*     3.8    31.0    -      -       +      +
    443B  ALA*     4.0    13.7    -      -       +      -
    444B  LEU*     5.0     6.3    -      -       +      -
    447B  MET*     4.9     1.8    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 124 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     99B  ILE*     5.5     0.7    -      -       +      -
    120B  ILE*     2.5    30.0    +      -       +      +
    121B  ASP*     3.3     9.6    +      -       -      +
    123B  ALA*     1.3    71.2    -      -       -      +
    125B  THR*     1.3    68.7    +      -       -      +
    127B  ALA*     3.1    16.4    +      -       -      +
    128B  VAL*     3.2    15.6    +      -       +      +
    443B  ALA*     5.1     6.5    -      -       +      -
    447B  MET*     5.0     1.8    -      -       +      -
    504B  LEU*     4.5    20.8    -      -       +      +
    505B  GLN*     4.5    23.8    -      -       +      -
    508B  ALA*     3.4    33.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 125 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121B  ASP*     2.8    29.7    +      -       -      +
    122B  LYS*     4.0     5.1    -      -       -      -
    124B  VAL*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
    126B  ALA*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    128B  VAL*     3.5    19.4    +      -       +      +
    129B  GLU*     3.7    12.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 126 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    122B  LYS*     3.1    18.9    +      -       +      +
    123B  ALA      3.5     5.4    -      -       -      +
    125B  THR*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
    127B  ALA*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
    128B  VAL      3.3     0.7    +      -       -      -
    129B  GLU*     3.4    15.9    +      -       -      +
    130B  GLU*     3.4    14.6    +      -       -      +
    426B  LEU*     3.9    20.8    -      -       +      +
    429B  LEU*     3.9    12.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 127 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    123B  ALA      3.0    13.3    +      -       -      +
    124B  VAL      3.1     9.6    +      -       -      +
    126B  ALA*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    128B  VAL*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    130B  GLU*     3.3     8.4    +      -       -      +
    131B  LEU*     3.0    27.4    +      -       +      +
    422B  VAL*     4.0    13.2    -      -       +      +
    426B  LEU*     3.6    17.9    -      -       +      +
    447B  MET*     4.0    18.4    -      -       +      -
    504B  LEU*     4.2    10.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 128 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124B  VAL*     3.2    18.5    +      -       +      +
    125B  THR*     3.6    11.2    -      -       +      +
    126B  ALA      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    127B  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       +      +
    129B  GLU*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
    131B  LEU*     3.1    13.3    +      -       +      +
    132B  LYS*     2.8    54.0    +      -       +      +
    501B  ARG*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      +
    504B  LEU*     5.9     4.7    -      -       +      -
    505B  GLN*     3.7    33.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 129 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125B  THR*     3.7    11.2    +      -       +      +
    126B  ALA*     3.4    10.1    +      -       -      +
    127B  ALA      3.4     0.4    -      -       -      -
    128B  VAL*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    130B  GLU*     1.3    65.4    +      -       +      +
    132B  LYS*     3.1    37.7    +      -       -      +
    133B  ALA*     2.9    24.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 130 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    126B  ALA      3.4    10.0    +      -       -      +
    127B  ALA      3.3    10.4    +      -       -      +
    129B  GLU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       +      +
    131B  LEU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
    133B  ALA*     3.4     7.4    +      -       -      +
    134B  LEU*     3.0    43.6    +      -       -      +
    422B  VAL*     3.9    17.7    -      -       +      -
    425B  LYS*     3.6    44.9    +      -       +      +
    426B  LEU*     4.2    19.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 131 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    127B  ALA*     3.0    18.2    +      -       +      +
    128B  VAL*     3.2    14.8    -      -       +      +
    130B  GLU*     1.3    74.4    -      -       -      +
    132B  LYS*     1.3    55.0    +      -       +      +
    133B  ALA      3.1     1.6    -      -       -      -
    134B  LEU*     3.1     6.6    +      -       +      +
    135B  SER*     2.7    35.6    +      -       -      -
    412B  VAL*     4.1    12.0    -      -       +      +
    418B  ALA*     4.3    21.5    -      -       +      +
    419B  LEU*     4.8     7.9    -      -       +      +
    422B  VAL*     3.3    25.8    -      -       +      -
    497B  THR*     4.8    12.1    -      -       +      +
    500B  THR*     4.0    25.4    -      -       +      +
    501B  ARG*     4.2    22.0    -      -       +      +
    504B  LEU*     5.5     5.8    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 132 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    128B  VAL*     2.8    39.1    +      -       +      +
    129B  GLU*     3.1    34.3    -      -       -      +
    131B  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       +      +
    133B  ALA*     1.3    60.4    +      -       -      +
    135B  SER*     3.5    19.4    -      -       -      +
    409B  GLU*     4.0    21.0    +      -       +      +
    497B  THR*     5.2     5.4    -      -       +      -
    501B  ARG*     4.4     9.6    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 133 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    129B  GLU      2.9    12.0    +      -       -      +
    130B  GLU*     3.5    15.0    -      -       -      +
    132B  LYS*     1.3    75.3    -      -       -      +
    134B  LEU*     1.3    66.2    +      -       +      +
    135B  SER      3.1    11.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 134 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    130B  GLU*     3.0    41.6    +      -       +      +
    131B  LEU*     3.1     8.0    +      -       +      +
    133B  ALA*     1.3    78.0    -      -       +      +
    135B  SER*     1.3    64.6    +      -       -      +
    136B  VAL*     3.3     7.8    +      -       -      +
    411B  VAL      4.0     1.4    -      -       -      +
    412B  VAL*     3.6    19.6    -      -       +      +
    418B  ALA*     4.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    421B  ARG*     4.4    26.5    -      -       +      -
    422B  VAL*     4.4    18.4    -      -       +      +
    425B  LYS*     5.0    11.4    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER 135 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    131B  LEU      2.7    15.5    +      -       -      -
    132B  LYS*     3.5    16.6    -      -       -      +
    133B  ALA      3.1     8.4    -      -       -      +
    134B  LEU*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
    136B  VAL*     1.3    61.5    +      -       -      +
    137B  PRO*     4.5     1.7    -      -       -      +
    409B  GLU      2.9    25.3    +      -       -      -
    410B  GLY*     3.7     4.5    -      -       -      -
    411B  VAL      3.7     6.5    -      -       -      -
    412B  VAL*     3.8     2.7    -      -       -      -
    497B  THR*     3.3    15.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il