Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1551 - 1576 (chain A) in PDB entry 5FZT


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR1551 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1549A  ASP*     2.7    31.2    +      -       -      +
   1550A  PHE*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
   1552A  GLU*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
   1553A  GLU*     3.6    12.2    +      -       -      +
   1554A  ASN*     3.2    21.7    +      -       -      +
   1555A  ARG*     2.9    25.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1552 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1550A  PHE      4.0     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1551A  THR*     1.3    73.9    -      -       -      +
   1553A  GLU*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
   1555A  ARG*     3.7    13.2    -      -       +      +
   1556A  ALA*     2.9    29.5    +      -       +      +
   1559A  ARG*     5.1     5.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1553 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1551A  THR*     3.0    10.4    +      -       -      +
   1552A  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
   1554A  ASN*     1.3    71.3    +      -       -      +
   1556A  ALA*     3.5     6.1    +      -       +      +
   1557A  GLN*     3.1    55.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN1554 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1542A  THR      5.2     0.5    -      -       -      +
   1545A  ALA*     3.5    28.4    +      -       -      +
   1546A  LEU*     3.6    18.4    -      -       +      +
   1549A  ASP*     3.1    46.8    +      -       -      +
   1551A  THR*     3.2     7.9    +      -       -      +
   1553A  GLU*     1.3    88.5    -      -       -      +
   1555A  ARG*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
   1557A  GLN*     3.8    12.6    +      -       -      +
   1558A  CYS*     2.9    31.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1555 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1481A  LEU      5.3     3.6    -      -       -      +
   1483A  GLU      4.4     1.6    +      -       -      +
   1484A  PRO*     2.5    32.4    +      -       -      +
   1485A  GLY*     3.2     5.5    +      -       -      -
   1486A  CYS*     2.8    41.0    +      -       -      +
   1546A  LEU*     3.5    14.3    -      -       +      +
   1550A  PHE*     3.1    45.1    +      -       -      +
   1551A  THR      2.9    19.8    +      -       -      +
   1552A  GLU*     3.7    13.5    -      -       -      +
   1554A  ASN*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
   1556A  ALA*     1.3    56.9    +      -       -      +
   1558A  CYS*     3.7     3.5    -      -       -      +
   1559A  ARG*     2.8    51.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1556 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1552A  GLU*     2.9    20.4    +      -       +      +
   1553A  GLU*     3.8     7.4    -      -       -      +
   1554A  ASN      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1555A  ARG*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
   1557A  GLN*     1.3    53.4    +      -       +      +
   1559A  ARG*     3.3    20.0    +      -       -      +
   1560A  ALA*     2.7    34.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN1557 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1542A  THR*     4.3    13.4    -      -       +      +
   1545A  ALA*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1553A  GLU*     3.1    44.5    +      -       +      +
   1554A  ASN*     3.8    12.9    +      -       -      +
   1556A  ALA*     1.3    75.0    -      -       +      +
   1558A  CYS*     1.3    65.7    +      -       -      +
   1560A  ALA*     3.1     8.0    +      -       -      +
   1561A  ALA*     2.9    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with CYS1558 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1481A  LEU*     4.4    21.5    -      -       -      +
   1539A  LEU*     3.7     5.3    -      -       -      +
   1542A  THR*     3.3    28.4    +      -       -      +
   1543A  ILE*     3.9    23.3    -      -       -      -
   1546A  LEU*     4.1    23.3    -      -       +      -
   1554A  ASN      2.9    18.3    +      -       -      +
   1555A  ARG*     3.9     2.9    -      -       -      +
   1557A  GLN*     1.3    75.5    -      -       -      +
   1559A  ARG*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
   1561A  ALA*     3.3    11.4    +      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     3.5    12.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1559 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1481A  LEU      5.1     2.5    +      -       -      +
   1482A  GLY*     3.1    44.3    +      -       -      -
   1483A  GLU      4.9     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1484A  PRO*     4.1    18.9    -      -       -      +
   1552A  GLU*     5.1     5.1    +      -       -      +
   1555A  ARG*     2.8    46.7    +      -       -      +
   1556A  ALA*     3.4    29.3    -      -       -      +
   1558A  CYS*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
   1560A  ALA*     1.3    59.8    +      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     2.8    31.7    +      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA*     4.0     1.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1560 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1556A  ALA      2.7    20.5    +      -       -      +
   1557A  GLN*     3.1     8.9    +      -       -      +
   1559A  ARG*     1.3    73.3    -      -       -      +
   1561A  ALA*     1.3    61.6    +      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA*     3.2    18.1    +      -       -      +
   1564A  PRO*     3.3    10.0    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1561 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1535A  SER      4.5     4.2    -      -       -      +
   1538A  ASN*     4.5     3.9    -      -       +      +
   1539A  LEU*     3.7    26.1    -      -       +      +
   1542A  THR*     3.7    27.1    -      -       +      +
   1557A  GLN      2.9    15.5    +      -       -      +
   1558A  CYS      3.6     6.7    -      -       -      +
   1559A  ARG      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
   1560A  ALA*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1564A  PRO*     3.5    15.3    -      -       -      +
   1565A  LEU*     4.1     4.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR1562 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1478A  CYS*     3.7    41.7    +      -       +      +
   1481A  LEU*     4.3    12.6    -      -       +      -
   1482A  GLY      5.6     0.4    -      -       -      +
   1539A  LEU*     3.8    17.0    -      -       +      -
   1558A  CYS      3.5    14.8    -      -       -      +
   1559A  ARG*     2.8    20.7    +      -       +      +
   1560A  ALA      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1561A  ALA*     1.3    76.5    -      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA*     1.3    66.3    +      -       -      +
   1565A  LEU*     3.1     5.4    +      -       -      +
   1566A  LEU*     3.0    31.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1563 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1559A  ARG      4.0     1.8    +      -       -      +
   1560A  ALA*     3.2    10.2    +      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     1.3    81.1    +      -       -      +
   1564A  PRO*     1.3    72.2    -      -       +      +
   1566A  LEU*     3.3     8.2    +      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     2.9    24.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PRO1564 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1535A  SER*     3.9    17.8    +      -       -      -
   1560A  ALA      3.3    14.8    -      -       -      +
   1561A  ALA*     3.5    12.1    -      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA*     1.3    92.0    -      -       +      +
   1565A  LEU*     1.3    55.7    +      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     3.4     7.0    +      -       +      +
   1568A  ALA*     3.0    27.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1565 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1474A  ILE*     3.7    24.9    -      -       +      -
   1478A  CYS*     4.2     5.2    -      -       -      -
   1498A  VAL*     3.8    25.1    -      -       +      -
   1502A  THR*     4.1     8.5    -      -       +      -
   1532A  VAL*     4.2    10.3    -      -       +      +
   1535A  SER*     3.3    26.5    -      -       -      +
   1536A  THR*     3.6    18.4    -      -       -      +
   1539A  LEU*     4.0    15.5    -      -       +      -
   1561A  ALA      4.1     4.6    +      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     3.1    10.7    +      -       -      +
   1564A  PRO*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
   1566A  LEU*     1.3    62.8    +      -       -      +
   1568A  ALA*     3.2     1.8    +      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     3.0    34.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1566 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1474A  ILE*     4.4     6.3    -      -       +      -
   1475A  GLN*     3.7    43.7    +      -       +      +
   1478A  CYS*     4.0    27.6    -      -       +      -
   1479A  GLN      5.8     0.2    -      -       -      +
   1562A  THR*     3.0    28.8    +      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA*     3.8     6.5    -      -       -      +
   1565A  LEU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     1.3    58.4    +      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     3.4     5.9    +      -       +      +
   1570A  ASP*     2.9    41.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1567 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1531A  GLU*     5.7     1.8    -      -       -      +
   1563A  ALA      2.9    17.8    +      -       -      +
   1564A  PRO*     3.7     8.3    -      -       +      +
   1566A  LEU*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
   1568A  ALA*     1.3    57.5    +      -       -      +
   1570A  ASP*     3.3     7.9    +      -       -      +
   1571A  ASN*     2.8    44.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1568 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1528A  SER*     4.9     2.3    +      -       -      -
   1531A  GLU*     3.8    42.9    -      -       +      +
   1532A  VAL*     3.9    21.3    -      -       +      +
   1535A  SER*     4.4     0.2    -      -       -      +
   1564A  PRO      3.0    14.4    +      -       -      +
   1565A  LEU      3.2     8.5    +      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     1.3    57.8    +      -       -      +
   1571A  ASN*     3.4     1.7    +      -       -      +
   1572A  LEU*     3.0    30.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1569 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1471A  ASN*     3.4    43.5    -      -       +      +
   1474A  ILE*     4.1    19.5    -      -       +      -
   1475A  GLN*     4.7     3.6    -      -       +      +
   1505A  LEU*     4.0    25.1    -      -       +      -
   1532A  VAL*     4.5     4.5    -      -       +      -
   1565A  LEU*     3.0    30.1    +      -       +      +
   1566A  LEU*     3.8     6.5    -      -       +      +
   1568A  ALA*     1.3    77.7    -      -       -      +
   1570A  ASP*     1.3    64.5    +      -       -      +
   1572A  LEU*     3.4     7.9    +      -       +      +
   1573A  SER*     3.0    23.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1570 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1471A  ASN*     4.4     4.0    +      -       -      +
   1475A  GLN*     3.4    24.9    +      -       -      -
   1566A  LEU*     2.9    28.3    +      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     3.8     9.3    -      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
   1571A  ASN*     1.3    65.1    +      -       -      +
   1573A  SER*     3.2     4.7    +      -       -      +
   1574A  ALA*     2.9    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN1571 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1524A  GLN*     3.8    23.2    +      -       -      -
   1528A  SER*     4.2     1.2    +      -       -      -
   1531A  GLU*     4.0    14.0    -      -       -      +
   1567A  GLU*     2.8    35.9    +      -       +      +
   1568A  ALA*     3.7     6.7    -      -       -      +
   1570A  ASP*     1.3    73.5    -      -       -      +
   1572A  LEU*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
   1574A  ALA*     3.7     5.7    -      -       -      +
   1575A  PHE*     3.0    26.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1572 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1467A  PHE*     3.7    32.3    -      -       +      -
   1505A  LEU*     4.1    24.7    -      -       +      -
   1509A  CYS*     3.7    24.2    -      -       -      -
   1525A  PHE*     4.1    13.2    -      -       +      -
   1528A  SER*     3.7    32.3    +      -       -      +
   1532A  VAL*     5.0     7.2    -      -       +      -
   1568A  ALA      3.0    16.5    +      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     3.7     5.8    -      -       -      +
   1571A  ASN*     1.3    78.3    -      -       -      +
   1573A  SER*     1.3    64.1    +      -       -      +
   1574A  ALA      3.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1575A  PHE*     3.4     9.0    +      -       +      -
   1576A  ALA*     3.1    21.1    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1573 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1463A  GLU*     4.3    14.8    +      -       -      +
   1467A  PHE*     4.7    13.5    +      -       -      +
   1468A  ALA*     5.9     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1471A  ASN*     3.0    32.0    +      -       -      +
   1569A  VAL*     3.0    12.2    +      -       -      +
   1570A  ASP*     3.2     4.5    +      -       -      -
   1572A  LEU*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
   1574A  ALA*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
   1576A  ALA*     3.7    15.2    +      -       -      +
   1577A  SER*     3.8     9.9    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1574 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1570A  ASP      2.9    18.2    +      -       -      +
   1571A  ASN*     3.7     8.1    -      -       -      +
   1573A  SER*     1.3    74.7    -      -       -      +
   1575A  PHE*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
   1577A  SER*     2.9    18.7    +      -       -      -
   1578A  ASN*     3.2    13.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE1575 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1461A  LEU*     4.0     4.5    -      -       +      -
   1521A  ALA*     3.7    32.1    -      -       +      -
   1524A  GLN*     3.6    37.7    -      -       +      -
   1525A  PHE*     3.6    37.9    -      +       -      -
   1571A  ASN*     3.0    19.0    +      -       -      +
   1572A  LEU*     3.8    14.6    -      -       +      -
   1574A  ALA*     1.3    76.0    -      -       -      +
   1576A  ALA*     1.3    68.0    +      -       -      +
   1577A  SER      2.9     1.4    +      -       -      -
   1578A  ASN*     2.9    29.8    +      -       -      +
   1581A  PHE*     3.3    37.9    -      +       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1576 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1461A  LEU*     3.4    31.4    -      -       +      +
   1463A  GLU*     3.8    32.5    -      -       +      +
   1467A  PHE*     4.6    10.8    -      -       +      -
   1525A  PHE*     5.3     0.9    -      -       +      -
   1572A  LEU      3.1    17.1    +      -       -      +
   1573A  SER*     3.7     9.6    -      -       -      +
   1574A  ALA      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1575A  PHE*     1.3    84.6    -      -       +      +
   1577A  SER*     1.3    58.1    +      -       -      +
   1578A  ASN      3.5     1.3    +      -       -      +
   1581A  PHE*     5.8     0.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il