Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1095 - 1118 (chain A) in PDB entry 5LUQ


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with LEU1095 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1094A  SER*     1.3    82.5    +      -       -      +
   1096A  VAL*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
   1097A  GLU      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
   1098A  GLN*     2.8    43.9    +      -       +      +
   1099A  PHE*     4.0     5.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1096 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1049A  GLN*     5.6     7.6    -      -       -      +
   1056A  THR*     5.5    12.1    -      -       +      -
   1060A  PHE*     5.0     3.4    -      -       +      -
   1090A  ARG*     2.8    40.6    +      -       -      +
   1093A  GLU*     3.0    49.1    +      -       +      +
   1094A  SER*     4.5     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1095A  LEU*     1.3    84.2    -      -       -      +
   1097A  GLU*     1.3    59.0    +      -       -      +
   1098A  GLN      3.0     4.6    +      -       -      -
   1099A  PHE*     3.5    20.2    -      -       +      -
   1100A  VAL*     3.3     6.8    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1097 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1090A  ARG*     3.8    25.1    -      -       -      +
   1091A  GLU      4.1     6.1    -      -       -      +
   1092A  GLU*     3.1     9.0    -      -       -      -
   1093A  GLU*     2.2    39.1    +      -       +      +
   1094A  SER*     2.5    27.3    +      -       -      +
   1096A  VAL*     1.3    78.2    -      -       +      +
   1098A  GLN*     1.3    66.1    +      -       -      +
   1100A  VAL*     4.1     2.5    -      -       -      -
   1101A  PHE*     3.0    42.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN1098 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1094A  SER      4.6     7.5    +      -       -      -
   1095A  LEU*     2.8    38.0    +      -       +      +
   1096A  VAL      3.0     1.6    -      -       -      -
   1097A  GLU*     1.3    84.0    +      -       -      +
   1099A  PHE*     1.3    69.1    +      -       -      +
   1100A  VAL      3.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
   1101A  PHE*     3.0    21.1    +      -       -      +
   1102A  GLU*     3.5    11.7    +      -       -      +
   1142A  HIS*     4.3    17.8    -      -       -      +
   1143A  VAL*     3.1    42.3    +      -       +      +
   1146A  ASN*     4.1     7.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE1099 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1057A  LYS*     4.9    33.0    -      -       +      -
   1060A  PHE*     3.3    41.5    -      +       +      -
   1064A  TYR*     5.8     0.4    -      +       -      -
   1095A  LEU*     4.0     4.3    +      -       +      +
   1096A  VAL*     3.5    30.1    -      -       +      -
   1098A  GLN*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
   1100A  VAL*     1.3    82.0    +      -       +      +
   1102A  GLU*     3.0    33.2    +      -       -      +
   1103A  ALA*     3.1    10.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1100 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1060A  PHE*     3.9    27.8    -      -       +      -
   1064A  TYR*     3.3    17.5    -      -       +      +
   1083A  ASN*     6.1     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1090A  ARG*     3.0    38.8    -      -       +      +
   1096A  VAL      3.3     8.7    -      -       -      +
   1097A  GLU      4.0     2.2    -      -       -      +
   1099A  PHE*     1.3    95.2    -      -       +      +
   1101A  PHE*     1.3    66.6    +      -       +      +
   1103A  ALA*     2.9     6.0    +      -       -      +
   1104A  LEU*     2.3    39.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE1101 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1090A  ARG*     3.7    37.9    -      -       +      -
   1091A  GLU*     5.1     1.3    -      -       -      -
   1097A  GLU*     3.0    27.6    -      -       +      -
   1098A  GLN*     3.0    10.6    +      -       -      +
   1100A  VAL*     1.3    85.4    -      -       +      +
   1102A  GLU*     1.3    58.9    +      -       -      +
   1104A  LEU*     2.8    44.1    +      -       +      +
   1105A  VAL*     3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
   1137A  ILE*     4.3    21.5    -      -       +      -
   1138A  ILE*     3.3    47.5    -      -       +      +
   1142A  HIS*     6.3     3.4    -      +       -      -
   1150A  LYS*     2.8    14.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1102 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1098A  GLN      3.5    11.2    +      -       -      +
   1099A  PHE*     3.0    15.8    +      -       -      +
   1101A  PHE*     1.3    78.6    -      -       -      +
   1103A  ALA*     1.3    57.4    +      -       -      +
   1105A  VAL*     2.9    35.2    +      -       +      +
   1106A  ILE*     4.2     1.6    -      -       -      +
   1145A  LEU*     4.9    13.1    -      -       +      +
   1146A  ASN*     3.1    24.5    -      -       -      +
   1149A  LYS*     4.9     2.6    -      -       -      +
   1150A  LYS*     2.8    63.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1103 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1064A  TYR*     2.9    50.4    -      -       +      +
   1099A  PHE*     3.1     9.6    +      -       +      +
   1100A  VAL*     2.9    11.5    +      -       -      +
   1102A  GLU*     1.3    76.6    -      -       -      +
   1104A  LEU*     1.3    65.5    +      -       -      +
   1106A  ILE*     2.9    26.8    +      -       +      +
   1107A  TYR      3.2     0.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1104 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1064A  TYR*     4.1     3.8    -      -       -      +
   1083A  ASN*     3.1    33.4    -      -       -      +
   1090A  ARG*     6.2     2.2    -      -       +      -
   1100A  VAL*     2.3    25.6    +      -       +      +
   1101A  PHE*     2.8    45.5    +      -       +      +
   1103A  ALA*     1.3    70.8    -      -       -      +
   1105A  VAL*     1.3    55.6    +      -       -      +
   1107A  TYR*     2.8    30.9    +      -       +      +
   1108A  MSE      3.6     3.8    +      -       -      +
   1134A  LEU*     4.3     8.3    -      -       +      +
   1135A  CYS*     3.6    40.3    -      -       +      +
   1137A  ILE*     6.0     0.7    -      -       +      -
   1138A  ILE*     3.8    19.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL1105 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1101A  PHE      3.3    11.7    -      -       -      +
   1102A  GLU*     2.9    21.9    +      -       +      +
   1104A  LEU*     1.3    72.1    -      -       +      +
   1106A  ILE*     1.3    74.0    +      -       +      +
   1108A  MSE      3.8    16.5    -      -       +      +
   1109A  GLU*     3.3    17.8    +      -       -      +
   1138A  ILE*     5.1     1.6    -      -       +      -
   1150A  LYS*     3.3    26.7    -      -       +      +
   1153A  LEU*     3.4    43.7    -      -       +      -
   1157A  PHE*     4.2     3.8    -      -       -      -
   1172A  LEU*     6.0     0.2    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1106 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1064A  TYR*     3.3    35.7    -      -       +      -
   1068A  LEU*     6.1     0.9    -      -       +      -
   1102A  GLU      4.2     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1103A  ALA*     2.9    30.8    +      -       +      +
   1105A  VAL*     1.3    85.6    -      -       +      +
   1107A  TYR*     1.3    51.7    -      -       -      +
   1109A  GLU*     2.9    12.9    -      -       +      +
   1110A  SER*     2.1    46.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR1107 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1063A  LEU*     6.0     1.9    -      -       +      +
   1064A  TYR*     4.5    15.7    -      +       +      -
   1067A  ALA*     3.9     4.3    -      -       +      -
   1079A  SER*     2.3    58.5    +      -       -      -
   1082A  PHE*     4.9     3.6    -      +       -      +
   1083A  ASN*     3.1    44.2    +      -       +      +
   1103A  ALA      3.2     6.8    +      -       -      +
   1104A  LEU*     2.8    26.9    +      -       +      +
   1106A  ILE*     1.3    76.8    -      -       -      +
   1108A  MSE      1.3    49.4    +      -       -      +
   1110A  SER*     2.6    10.1    -      -       -      -
   1111A  LEU*     2.3    57.2    +      -       +      -
   1131A  ILE*     4.0    16.6    -      -       +      -
   1135A  CYS*     5.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with MSE1108 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1104A  LEU      3.6     4.1    +      -       -      +
   1105A  VAL*     3.8    25.4    -      -       +      +
   1107A  TYR*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
   1109A  GLU*     1.3    62.3    +      -       -      +
   1111A  LEU      2.9     1.0    +      -       -      -
   1112A  ALA*     2.3    42.4    +      -       +      +
   1131A  ILE*     4.3     2.9    -      -       -      +
   1132A  ASP*     3.2    38.1    +      -       +      +
   1135A  CYS*     4.6    10.5    -      -       +      -
   1157A  PHE*     3.5    19.7    -      -       +      -
   1165A  LEU*     3.5    18.6    -      -       +      -
   1168A  LEU*     4.4    11.0    -      -       +      -
   1172A  LEU*     3.4    39.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1109 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1068A  LEU*     5.1     1.6    -      -       -      +
   1105A  VAL      3.3    14.4    +      -       -      +
   1106A  ILE*     2.9    21.0    +      -       +      +
   1108A  MSE      1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1110A  SER*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
   1113A  LEU*     3.6    27.9    -      -       -      +
   1153A  LEU*     6.1     0.9    -      -       +      -
   1157A  PHE*     4.0    21.5    -      -       +      -
   1160A  SER*     5.0     2.1    +      -       -      +
   1162A  SER*     4.1     5.5    +      -       -      -
   1165A  LEU*     3.5    29.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1110 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1064A  TYR*     4.6     1.4    -      -       -      -
   1067A  ALA*     4.3     1.1    -      -       -      +
   1068A  LEU*     3.3    42.1    -      -       -      +
   1106A  ILE*     2.1    46.7    +      -       -      +
   1107A  TYR*     2.6    21.5    -      -       -      -
   1108A  MSE      3.0     0.4    -      -       -      -
   1109A  GLU*     1.3    75.1    -      -       -      +
   1111A  LEU*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      -
   1114A  ALA*     2.7    34.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1111 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1067A  ALA*     3.3    23.1    -      -       +      +
   1076A  LEU*     3.5    28.7    -      -       +      +
   1079A  SER*     3.8     0.7    -      -       -      -
   1080A  LEU*     3.6    33.4    -      -       +      +
   1107A  TYR*     2.3    48.4    +      -       +      +
   1110A  SER*     1.3    67.1    -      -       -      +
   1112A  ALA*     1.3    69.9    +      -       -      +
   1114A  ALA*     2.9     3.8    -      -       -      +
   1115A  HIS*     2.7    27.1    +      -       -      -
   1128A  CYS*     3.4    28.0    -      -       +      -
   1131A  ILE*     3.7    15.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1112 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1108A  MSE      2.3    33.6    +      -       +      +
   1111A  LEU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
   1113A  LEU*     1.3    52.1    +      -       -      +
   1115A  HIS*     3.4    16.9    -      -       -      -
   1116A  ALA*     2.7    34.7    +      -       -      +
   1128A  CYS*     5.0     0.6    -      -       -      +
   1132A  ASP*     5.2     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1164A  CYS*     5.2     0.9    -      -       -      -
   1165A  LEU*     3.4    28.7    -      -       +      +
   1168A  LEU*     3.8    22.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1113 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1068A  LEU*     6.6     0.2    -      -       +      -
   1108A  MSE      3.8     0.8    +      -       -      -
   1109A  GLU*     3.6    29.3    +      -       -      +
   1110A  SER      3.5     1.6    +      -       -      -
   1112A  ALA*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
   1114A  ALA*     1.3    67.6    +      -       -      +
   1116A  ALA*     2.9    16.6    +      -       -      +
   1117A  ASP*     3.2    28.9    +      -       +      +
   1162A  SER*     3.9    37.5    -      -       -      +
   1163A  LEU*     5.2     1.6    -      -       +      -
   1165A  LEU*     4.5     2.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1114 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1067A  ALA      5.0     2.2    -      -       -      +
   1068A  LEU*     5.3     5.4    -      -       +      -
   1071A  ASN*     5.1     4.1    -      -       -      +
   1072A  ALA*     3.1    40.1    -      -       +      +
   1076A  LEU*     3.5    10.1    -      -       +      -
   1110A  SER      2.7    22.5    +      -       -      +
   1111A  LEU*     2.9    22.0    -      -       +      +
   1112A  ALA      2.9     0.8    +      -       -      -
   1113A  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
   1115A  HIS*     1.3    58.0    +      -       -      +
   1117A  ASP*     5.1     0.5    -      -       -      +
   1118A  GLU*     4.1     9.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS1115 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1072A  ALA      5.4     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1076A  LEU*     3.3     5.1    -      -       +      +
   1111A  LEU      2.7    30.1    +      -       -      -
   1112A  ALA*     3.4    16.7    +      -       -      +
   1114A  ALA*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
   1116A  ALA*     1.3    72.0    +      -       -      +
   1118A  GLU*     2.6     9.9    -      -       -      +
   1119A  LYS*     2.2    39.7    +      -       -      -
   1124A  ILE*     3.4    28.0    -      -       +      -
   1125A  GLN*     3.5    35.5    +      -       +      +
   1128A  CYS*     3.1    41.5    -      -       +      -
   1129A  ASP      5.1     0.4    -      -       -      -
   1164A  CYS*     4.1    13.0    -      -       -      -
   1168A  LEU*     5.3     4.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1116 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1112A  ALA      2.7    23.7    +      -       -      +
   1113A  LEU*     2.9    16.2    +      -       -      +
   1115A  HIS*     1.3    72.9    -      -       -      +
   1117A  ASP*     1.3    58.3    +      -       -      +
   1119A  LYS*     2.9    34.9    -      -       -      +
   1162A  SER      3.6    13.5    -      -       -      +
   1163A  LEU*     4.9     4.9    -      -       -      +
   1164A  CYS*     3.3    33.5    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1117 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1113A  LEU*     3.2    22.4    +      -       +      +
   1114A  ALA      5.1     0.9    -      -       -      +
   1116A  ALA*     1.3    81.4    -      -       -      +
   1118A  GLU*     1.3    77.2    +      -       +      +
   1119A  LYS*     3.3     9.0    +      -       -      +
   1163A  LEU*     3.6    27.2    -      -       -      +
   1252A  ALA*     5.7     2.9    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1118 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1071A  ASN*     5.0    15.6    +      -       -      +
   1072A  ALA      4.2    20.9    -      -       -      +
   1073A  PHE*     6.2     0.4    -      -       +      -
   1114A  ALA      4.1     6.6    +      -       -      +
   1115A  HIS*     2.6    14.7    +      -       -      +
   1117A  ASP*     1.3    95.8    -      -       +      +
   1119A  LYS*     1.3    54.0    +      -       -      +
   1120A  SER*     2.7    25.8    +      -       -      -
   1124A  ILE*     5.6     4.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il