Contacts of the helix formed by residues 1434 - 1461 (chain B) in PDB entry 5NPK


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with THR1434 (chain B).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1430B  LEU      5.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
   1431B  ARG*     3.0    25.7    +      -       +      +
   1432B  ARG      3.2     0.7    -      -       -      +
   1433B  LEU*     1.3    83.7    -      -       -      +
   1435B  GLY*     1.3    65.0    +      -       -      +
   1436B  LEU*     4.4     2.7    +      -       -      +
   1437B  GLU*     3.3    27.4    +      -       -      +
   1438B  ARG*     3.6     6.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLY1435 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1434B  THR*     1.3    70.5    -      -       -      +
   1436B  LEU*     1.3    69.6    +      -       -      +
   1437B  GLU      3.3     0.5    +      -       -      -
   1438B  ARG*     3.3    15.4    +      -       -      +
   1439B  ASP*     3.7    13.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1436 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1434B  THR*     3.4     3.1    +      -       -      +
   1435B  GLY*     1.3    77.8    -      -       -      +
   1437B  GLU*     1.3    58.5    +      -       -      +
   1439B  ASP*     3.1    16.4    +      -       -      +
   1440B  LYS*     2.9    35.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1437 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1431B  ARG*     3.7     3.1    -      -       +      +
   1432B  ARG*     3.1    62.4    +      -       +      +
   1434B  THR*     3.3    19.8    +      -       -      +
   1435B  GLY      3.2     0.6    -      -       -      -
   1436B  LEU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       +      +
   1438B  ARG*     1.3    63.5    +      -       -      +
   1440B  LYS*     3.2    16.5    +      -       -      +
   1441B  ILE*     3.0    30.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ARG1438 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1385B  ARG*     3.6    25.5    +      -       -      +
   1388B  LEU*     3.9    35.0    -      -       +      +
   1389B  ASP*     3.1    34.9    +      -       -      +
   1432B  ARG      4.5     1.2    +      -       -      +
   1434B  THR      3.6     6.2    +      -       -      +
   1435B  GLY*     3.3    10.8    +      -       -      +
   1436B  LEU      3.3     0.6    -      -       -      -
   1437B  GLU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
   1439B  ASP*     1.3    68.3    +      -       -      +
   1441B  ILE*     3.3     3.4    +      -       -      +
   1442B  GLU*     2.8    48.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1439 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1435B  GLY      3.7    13.7    +      -       -      +
   1436B  LEU*     3.1    16.5    +      -       -      +
   1438B  ARG*     1.3    80.5    -      -       -      +
   1440B  LYS*     1.3    60.7    +      -       +      +
   1442B  GLU*     3.2     7.4    +      -       -      +
   1443B  ALA*     2.8    30.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS1440 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1436B  LEU*     2.9    27.3    +      -       +      +
   1437B  GLU*     3.6    24.0    -      -       -      +
   1439B  ASP*     1.3    75.4    -      -       +      +
   1441B  ILE*     1.3    59.9    +      -       +      +
   1443B  ALA*     3.4     5.4    +      -       -      +
   1444B  GLU*     3.0    30.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1441 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1381B  LEU*     4.0    23.2    -      -       +      +
   1384B  LEU*     4.3    15.3    -      -       +      -
   1385B  ARG*     3.9    26.2    -      -       +      +
   1388B  LEU*     3.6    28.0    -      -       +      -
   1428B  MET*     5.3     0.9    -      -       -      -
   1432B  ARG*     3.4    36.3    -      -       +      +
   1437B  GLU*     3.0    20.8    +      -       -      +
   1438B  ARG*     3.7     8.3    -      -       -      +
   1440B  LYS*     1.3    77.9    -      -       +      +
   1442B  GLU*     1.3    57.0    +      -       -      +
   1444B  GLU*     3.5     7.7    +      -       -      +
   1445B  TYR*     3.0    26.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1442 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1385B  ARG*     2.7    37.0    +      -       -      -
   1438B  ARG*     2.8    48.8    +      -       -      +
   1439B  ASP*     3.7     8.5    -      -       -      +
   1441B  ILE*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
   1443B  ALA*     1.3    57.1    +      -       -      +
   1445B  TYR*     3.2     4.6    +      -       -      +
   1446B  ASN*     3.0    55.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1443 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1439B  ASP      2.8    18.4    +      -       -      +
   1440B  LYS*     3.9     5.6    -      -       -      +
   1442B  GLU*     1.3    76.1    -      -       -      +
   1444B  GLU*     1.3    61.8    +      -       -      +
   1446B  ASN*     3.6     7.3    +      -       -      +
   1447B  GLU*     3.1    24.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1444 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1377B  ARG*     2.9    50.3    +      -       -      +
   1381B  LEU*     3.8    11.7    -      -       +      +
   1440B  LYS      3.0    18.8    +      -       -      +
   1441B  ILE*     3.9     6.0    -      -       -      +
   1442B  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1443B  ALA*     1.3    74.8    -      -       -      +
   1445B  TYR*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
   1447B  GLU*     3.4     5.8    +      -       +      +
   1448B  LEU*     2.9    34.1    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR1445 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1378B  ALA*     3.7    18.2    -      -       +      -
   1381B  LEU*     3.7    28.9    -      -       +      +
   1382B  GLU*     2.6    44.9    +      -       +      +
   1385B  ARG*     3.6    40.2    +      -       -      +
   1441B  ILE      3.0    19.0    +      -       -      +
   1442B  GLU*     3.2     6.7    +      -       -      +
   1444B  GLU*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
   1446B  ASN*     1.3    70.6    +      -       -      +
   1448B  LEU*     3.1     5.1    +      -       -      +
   1449B  LEU*     3.0    54.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN1446 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1385B  ARG*     5.5     0.2    +      -       -      -
   1442B  GLU*     3.0    43.0    +      -       -      +
   1443B  ALA*     4.2     6.0    -      -       -      +
   1445B  TYR*     1.3    86.2    -      -       -      +
   1447B  GLU*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
   1449B  LEU*     3.2    15.6    +      -       -      +
   1450B  ASN*     3.2    28.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1447 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1443B  ALA      3.1    18.4    +      -       -      +
   1444B  GLU*     3.8     6.5    -      -       +      +
   1446B  ASN*     1.3    77.3    -      -       -      +
   1448B  LEU*     1.3    56.5    +      -       -      +
   1450B  ASN*     3.4    10.9    +      -       -      +
   1451B  TYR*     3.0    28.4    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1448 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1374B  ALA*     3.8    30.7    -      -       +      +
   1377B  ARG*     3.4    34.1    -      -       +      -
   1378B  ALA*     3.6    19.1    -      -       +      +
   1381B  LEU*     3.6    17.5    -      -       +      -
   1444B  GLU*     2.9    21.2    +      -       +      +
   1445B  TYR*     3.1     6.0    +      -       -      +
   1447B  GLU*     1.3    75.0    -      -       -      +
   1449B  LEU*     1.3    59.7    +      -       -      +
   1451B  TYR*     3.5    14.9    -      -       +      +
   1452B  ILE*     2.8    40.3    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1449 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1378B  ALA*     5.1     3.4    -      -       +      -
   1382B  GLU*     5.2     0.9    -      -       -      +
   1445B  TYR*     3.0    62.2    +      -       +      +
   1446B  ASN*     3.2    16.5    +      -       -      +
   1448B  LEU*     1.3    77.9    -      -       -      +
   1450B  ASN*     1.3    65.6    +      -       -      +
   1452B  ILE*     3.4    15.5    +      -       +      +
   1453B  SER*     3.1    23.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN1450 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1446B  ASN*     3.2    18.1    +      -       -      +
   1447B  GLU*     3.7    10.2    -      -       +      +
   1449B  LEU*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
   1451B  TYR*     1.3    63.3    +      -       -      +
   1453B  SER*     3.4     6.8    +      -       -      -
   1454B  GLU*     3.1    37.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with TYR1451 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1370B  ASN*     3.5    31.0    +      -       +      +
   1374B  ALA*     4.1    17.5    -      -       +      -
   1447B  GLU*     3.0    20.1    +      -       +      +
   1448B  LEU*     3.2    15.9    +      -       +      +
   1450B  ASN*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
   1452B  ILE*     1.3    64.7    +      -       -      +
   1454B  GLU*     3.2    17.0    +      -       +      +
   1455B  LEU*     3.0    57.8    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1452 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1371B  LEU*     3.8    16.4    -      -       +      -
   1374B  ALA*     3.6    40.8    -      -       +      +
   1375B  LYS*     3.8    15.9    -      -       +      +
   1378B  ALA*     4.1    16.6    -      -       +      -
   1448B  LEU*     2.8    27.6    +      -       +      +
   1449B  LEU*     3.8    13.7    -      -       +      +
   1451B  TYR*     1.3    71.2    -      -       -      +
   1453B  SER*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
   1455B  LEU*     3.2     5.1    +      -       -      +
   1456B  GLU*     3.0    49.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with SER1453 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1449B  LEU      3.1    17.9    +      -       -      -
   1450B  ASN*     3.7     7.4    -      -       -      -
   1452B  ILE*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
   1454B  GLU*     1.3    65.9    +      -       -      +
   1456B  GLU*     3.4    13.5    +      -       -      +
   1457B  THR*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1454 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1450B  ASN*     3.1    28.9    +      -       -      +
   1451B  TYR*     3.2    22.7    +      -       +      +
   1453B  SER*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
   1455B  LEU*     1.3    65.4    +      -       +      +
   1457B  THR*     3.3     8.8    +      -       -      -
   1458B  ILE*     3.3    27.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1455 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1367B  THR*     3.6    29.9    -      -       +      +
   1370B  ASN*     3.7    13.2    -      -       +      +
   1371B  LEU*     3.6    41.5    -      -       +      +
   1374B  ALA*     4.5     2.5    -      -       +      -
   1451B  TYR*     3.0    60.7    +      -       +      +
   1452B  ILE      3.2     3.8    +      -       -      +
   1454B  GLU*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
   1456B  GLU*     1.3    62.0    +      -       -      +
   1458B  ILE*     3.3    15.1    +      -       +      +
   1459B  LEU*     3.1    27.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU1456 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1371B  LEU*     3.9    19.7    -      -       +      +
   1375B  LYS*     3.2    26.2    +      -       -      -
   1452B  ILE*     3.0    28.2    +      -       -      +
   1453B  SER*     3.8    12.5    -      -       -      +
   1455B  LEU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
   1457B  THR*     1.3    61.1    +      -       -      +
   1459B  LEU*     3.3     7.3    +      -       -      +
   1460B  ALA*     2.9    31.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR1457 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1453B  SER*     3.0    17.8    +      -       -      -
   1454B  GLU*     3.5    11.5    -      -       -      -
   1455B  LEU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
   1456B  GLU*     1.3    77.2    -      -       -      +
   1458B  ILE*     1.3    62.2    +      -       +      +
   1460B  ALA*     3.3     6.6    +      -       -      +
   1461B  ASP*     3.3    23.7    +      -       +      +
   1464B  VAL*     4.0    20.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE1458 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1367B  THR*     4.0    23.8    -      -       +      +
   1454B  GLU*     3.3    18.3    +      -       +      +
   1455B  LEU*     3.5    17.9    -      -       +      +
   1456B  GLU      3.3     0.6    -      -       -      -
   1457B  THR*     1.3    77.0    -      -       -      +
   1459B  LEU*     1.3    60.0    +      -       -      +
   1461B  ASP      3.0    22.2    -      -       -      +
   1464B  VAL*     3.7    21.3    -      -       +      +
   1465B  LEU*     3.8    35.2    -      -       +      +
   1468B  LEU*     3.7    28.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU1459 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1364B  ARG*     4.0    22.7    -      -       +      +
   1367B  THR*     3.6    20.9    -      -       +      -
   1368B  GLN*     3.7    39.3    -      -       +      +
   1371B  LEU*     3.7    30.3    -      -       +      -
   1455B  LEU      3.1    14.2    +      -       -      +
   1456B  GLU*     3.3     5.4    +      -       -      +
   1458B  ILE*     1.3    77.7    -      -       +      +
   1460B  ALA*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
   1461B  ASP      3.8     0.6    +      -       -      -
   1465B  LEU*     5.0     2.5    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA1460 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1456B  GLU      2.9    16.8    +      -       -      +
   1457B  THR*     3.9     7.6    -      -       -      +
   1458B  ILE      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
   1459B  LEU*     1.3    79.5    -      -       -      +
   1461B  ASP*     1.3    58.2    +      -       +      +
   1462B  GLU      4.2     1.0    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP1461 (chain B). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
   1457B  THR*     3.3     8.0    +      -       +      +
   1458B  ILE      3.0    15.8    -      -       -      +
   1459B  LEU      3.5     1.1    -      -       -      -
   1460B  ALA*     1.3    81.0    -      -       +      +
   1462B  GLU*     1.3    64.2    +      -       -      +
   1463B  GLU*     2.9    29.2    +      -       -      +
   1464B  VAL*     3.1    30.7    +      -       +      +
   1465B  LEU      3.1    10.7    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il