PMID: 15258570 , Related PDB ids: 1JF7, 1NL9, 1NNY, 1NO6, 1NW1, 1NZ7, 1OEM, 1OEO, 1OES, 1OET, 1OEU, 1OEV, 1ONY, 1ONZ, 1PYN, 1T48, 1T49, 1T4J, 2HNP

Authors:

Wiesmann C, Barr KJ, Kung J, Zhu J, Erlanson DA, Shen W, Fahr BJ, Zhong M, Taylor L, Randal M, McDowell RS, Hansen SK

Title:

Allosteric inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.

Journal:

Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Aug;11(8):730-7. Epub 2004 Jul 18.

Abstract:

Obesity and type II diabetes are closely linked metabolic syndromes that afflict >100 million people worldwide. Although protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of both syndromes, the discovery of pharmaceutically acceptable inhibitors that bind at the active site remains a substantial challenge. Here we describe the discovery of an allosteric site in PTP1B. Crystal structures of PTP1B in complex with allosteric inhibitors reveal a novel site located approximately 20 A from the catalytic site. We show that allosteric inhibitors prevent formation of the active form of the enzyme by blocking mobility of the catalytic loop, thereby exploiting a general mechanism used by tyrosine phosphatases. Notably, these inhibitors exhibit selectivity for PTP1B and enhance insulin signaling in cells. Allosteric inhibition is a promising strategy for targeting PTP1B and constitutes a mechanism that may be applicable to other tyrosine phosphatases.