PMID: 15530358 , Related PDB ids: 1H5Z, 1X8V

Authors:

Podust LM, Yermalitskaya LV, Lepesheva GI, Podust VN, Dalmasso EA, Waterman MR

Title:

Estriol bound and ligand-free structures of sterol 14alpha-demethylase.

Journal:

Structure. 2004 Nov;12(11):1937-45.

Abstract:

Sterol 14alpha-demethylases (CYP51) are essential enzymes in sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes and drug targets in antifungal therapy. Here, we report CYP51 structures in ligand-free and estriol bound forms. Using estriol as a probe, we determined orientation of the substrate in the active site, elucidated protein contacts with the invariant 3beta-hydroxy group of a sterol, and identified F78 as a key discriminator between 4alpha-methylated and 4alpha,beta-dimethylated substrates. Analysis of CYP51 dynamics revealed that the C helix undergoes helix-coil transition upon binding and dissociation of a ligand. Loss of helical structure of the C helix in the ligand-free form results in an unprecedented opening of the substrate binding site. Upon binding of estriol, the BC loop loses contacts with molecular surface and tends to adopt a closed conformation. A mechanism for azole resistance in the yeast pathogen Candida albicans associated with mutations in the ERG11 gene encoding CYP51 is suggested based on CYP51 protein dynamics.