PMID: 23610410

Authors:

Kim Y, Ye Z, Joachimiak G, Videau P, Young J, Hurd K, Callahan SM, Gornicki P, Zhao J, Haselkorn R, Joachimiak A

Title:

Structures of complexes comprised of Fischerella transcription factor HetR with Anabaena DNA targets.

Journal:

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 22.

Abstract:

HetR is an essential regulator of heterocyst development in cyanobacteria. Many mutations in HetR render Anabaena incapable of nitrogen fixation. The protein binds to a DNA palindrome upstream of hetP and other genes. We have determined the crystal structures of HetR complexed with palindromic DNA targets, 21, 23, and 29 bp at 2.50-, 3.00-, and 3.25-A resolution, respectively. The highest-resolution structure shows fine details of specific protein-DNA interactions. The lower-resolution structures with longer DNA duplexes have similar interaction patterns and show how the flap domains interact with DNA in a sequence nonspecific fashion. Fifteen of 15 protein-DNA contacts predicted on the basis of the structure were confirmed by single amino acid mutations that abolished binding in vitro and complementation in vivo. A striking feature of the structure is the association of glutamate 71 from each subunit of the HetR dimer with three successive cytosines in each arm of the palindromic target, a feature that is conserved among all known heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria sequenced to date.