PMID: 23919824

Authors:

Mente S, Arnold E, Butler T, Chakrapani S, Chandrasekaran R, Cherry K, Dirico K, Doran A, Fisher K, Galatsis P, Green M, Hayward M, Humphrey J, Knafels J, Li J, Liu S, Marconi M, McDonald S, Ohren J, Paradis V, Sneed B, Walton K, Wager T

Title:

Ligand-protein interactions of selective casein kinase 1delta inhibitors.

Journal:

J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 12;56(17):6819-28. doi: 10.1021/jm4006324. Epub 2013 Aug 28.

Abstract:

Casein kinase 1delta (CK1delta) and 1epsilon (CK1epsilon) are believed to be necessary enzymes for the regulation of circadian rhythms in all mammals. On the basis of our previously published work demonstrating a CK1epsilon-preferring compound to be an ineffective circadian clock modulator, we have synthesized a series of pyrazole-substitued pyridine inhibitors, selective for the CK1delta isoform. Additionally, using structure-based drug design, we have been able to exploit differences in the hinge region between CK1delta and p38 to find selective inhibitors that have minimal p38 activity. The SAR, brain exposure, and the effect of these inhibitors on mouse circadian rhythms are described. The in vivo evaluation of these inhibitors demonstrates that selective inhibition of CK1delta at sufficient central exposure levels is capable of modulating circadian rhythms.