Contacts of the helix formed by residues 96 - 122 (chain A) in PDB entry 1GRB


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with TRP 96 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     69A  MET*     3.9    29.2    -      -       +      -
     94A  PHE*     3.4    29.4    +      +       +      -
     95A  ASN*     1.3    74.3    +      -       -      +
     97A  ARG*     1.3    58.8    +      -       -      +
     98A  VAL      3.2     0.3    +      -       -      -
     99A  ILE*     3.3     4.8    +      -       +      +
    100A  LYS*     2.8    34.3    +      -       +      +
    103A  ARG*     4.8     5.8    -      -       -      +
    180A  PHE*     3.9    30.3    -      +       -      -
    183A  LEU*     3.0    42.0    +      -       +      -
    184A  GLU*     3.3    25.1    -      -       -      -
    185A  GLU*     4.1     6.7    -      -       -      -
    186A  LEU*     3.6    56.8    -      -       +      +
    187A  PRO*     4.8     0.4    -      -       +      -
    206A  LEU*     4.2     7.6    -      -       +      -
    209A  LEU*     4.2     7.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 97 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     95A  ASN*     3.3    14.3    +      -       -      +
     96A  TRP*     1.3    79.1    -      -       +      +
     98A  VAL*     1.3    63.0    +      -       +      +
    100A  LYS*     3.9     6.7    -      -       +      +
    101A  GLU*     2.7    65.2    +      -       +      +
    184A  GLU*     3.6    41.4    +      -       -      +
    185A  GLU*     5.1    12.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 98 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     95A  ASN*     3.5    36.6    -      -       +      +
     96A  TRP      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
     97A  ARG*     1.3    80.2    -      -       +      +
     99A  ILE*     1.3    64.5    +      -       +      +
    101A  GLU*     4.0     8.0    -      -       -      +
    102A  LYS*     3.3    45.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 99 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68A  VAL*     4.5    17.3    -      -       +      -
     69A  MET*     4.3    20.0    -      -       +      -
     72A  THR*     3.5    25.4    -      -       +      +
     94A  PHE*     3.7    29.6    -      -       +      -
     95A  ASN      3.8     1.0    +      -       -      -
     96A  TRP*     3.3    10.7    +      -       +      +
     98A  VAL*     1.3    79.8    -      -       +      +
    100A  LYS*     1.3    72.6    +      -       +      +
    102A  LYS*     3.2    19.8    +      -       +      -
    103A  ARG*     2.9    25.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 100 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     96A  TRP*     2.8    30.9    +      -       +      +
     97A  ARG*     3.9     7.9    -      -       +      +
     98A  VAL      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
     99A  ILE*     1.3    80.9    -      -       +      +
    101A  GLU*     1.3    67.9    +      -       +      +
    103A  ARG*     3.3    22.0    +      -       -      +
    104A  ASP*     3.0    43.1    +      -       -      +
    181A  PHE      3.9    18.6    -      -       -      -
    182A  GLN*     4.2     8.4    +      -       -      +
    183A  LEU      3.5    22.9    -      -       -      +
    184A  GLU*     4.3    27.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLU 101 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     97A  ARG*     2.7    72.2    +      -       +      +
     98A  VAL*     4.0     7.8    -      -       -      +
    100A  LYS*     1.3    84.1    -      -       +      +
    102A  LYS*     1.3    61.7    +      -       +      +
    104A  ASP*     3.5     7.3    +      -       -      +
    105A  ALA*     3.2    22.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 102 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     68A  VAL*     5.9     0.4    -      -       -      -
     98A  VAL*     3.3    36.2    -      -       -      +
     99A  ILE*     3.2    20.8    +      -       +      +
    101A  GLU*     1.3    75.3    -      -       +      +
    103A  ARG*     1.3    64.4    +      -       -      +
    105A  ALA*     3.5     7.1    +      -       -      +
    106A  TYR*     3.2    23.0    +      -       -      +
    109A  ARG*     4.8     2.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 103 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     65A  PRO*     3.6    39.8    -      -       +      +
     68A  VAL*     3.9    29.8    -      -       +      +
     69A  MET*     3.5    34.6    -      -       -      +
     96A  TRP*     4.8     8.5    -      -       -      +
     99A  ILE      2.9    17.8    +      -       -      +
    100A  LYS*     3.6    29.8    -      -       -      +
    102A  LYS*     1.3    75.2    -      -       -      +
    104A  ASP*     1.3    82.1    +      -       -      +
    106A  TYR*     3.1     7.1    +      -       -      +
    107A  VAL*     3.0    26.9    +      -       +      +
    180A  PHE*     4.9     1.6    +      -       -      -
    181A  PHE*     2.8    44.9    +      -       -      +
    183A  LEU      5.1     0.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASP 104 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    100A  LYS*     3.0    47.2    +      -       -      +
    101A  GLU*     3.8     8.0    -      -       -      +
    103A  ARG*     1.3    97.2    +      -       -      +
    105A  ALA*     1.3    59.9    +      -       -      +
    107A  VAL*     3.4    10.2    +      -       -      +
    108A  SER*     3.0    24.4    +      -       -      -
    181A  PHE      4.5     2.1    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 105 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    101A  GLU      3.2    15.1    +      -       -      +
    102A  LYS*     3.8     8.3    -      -       -      +
    103A  ARG      3.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    104A  ASP*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    106A  TYR*     1.3    60.5    +      -       -      +
    108A  SER*     3.0    11.4    +      -       -      -
    109A  ARG*     2.9    42.2    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 106 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     64A  VAL*     3.4    31.2    -      -       +      +
     68A  VAL*     4.0    20.4    -      -       +      -
    102A  LYS      3.2    14.8    +      -       -      +
    103A  ARG*     3.1     6.6    +      -       +      +
    105A  ALA*     1.3    78.7    -      -       -      +
    107A  VAL*     1.3    63.0    +      -       +      +
    109A  ARG*     3.2    38.6    +      -       +      +
    110A  LEU*     3.1    43.7    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with VAL 107 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53A  LYS*     6.0     2.5    -      -       -      +
     59A  VAL*     3.4    23.6    -      -       +      +
     60A  ASN*     3.7    29.2    -      -       -      +
     64A  VAL*     4.9     6.7    -      -       +      -
     65A  PRO*     4.4    22.9    -      -       +      -
    103A  ARG*     3.0    17.7    +      -       +      +
    104A  ASP*     3.6    12.1    -      -       -      +
    106A  TYR*     1.3    78.1    -      -       +      +
    108A  SER*     1.3    55.8    +      -       -      +
    110A  LEU*     3.2     8.7    +      -       -      +
    111A  ASN*     3.0    31.4    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 108 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    104A  ASP      3.0    14.4    +      -       -      -
    105A  ALA*     3.0    14.3    +      -       -      -
    107A  VAL*     1.3    71.4    -      -       -      +
    109A  ARG*     1.3    67.0    +      -       -      +
    111A  ASN*     3.3    12.3    +      -       -      +
    112A  ALA*     3.2    21.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ARG 109 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    102A  LYS      4.8     1.6    +      -       -      -
    105A  ALA*     2.9    25.1    +      -       +      +
    106A  TYR*     3.2    58.2    +      -       +      +
    108A  SER*     1.3    76.4    -      -       -      +
    110A  LEU*     1.3    63.9    +      -       +      +
    112A  ALA*     3.2     8.1    +      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     3.0    32.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 110 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     59A  VAL*     3.7    20.4    -      -       +      -
     64A  VAL*     3.8    38.6    -      -       +      -
    106A  TYR*     3.1    38.2    +      -       +      +
    107A  VAL*     3.2     8.0    +      -       -      +
    109A  ARG*     1.3    75.4    -      -       +      +
    111A  ASN*     1.3    69.0    +      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     3.2    16.2    +      -       +      -
    114A  TYR*     2.8    46.0    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 111 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     53A  LYS*     4.3    18.2    +      -       +      +
     54A  LEU*     2.9    36.0    +      -       +      +
     59A  VAL*     3.7     9.3    -      -       -      +
     60A  ASN*     3.0    23.5    +      -       -      +
    107A  VAL*     3.0    23.6    +      -       -      +
    108A  SER*     3.8    12.4    +      -       -      +
    109A  ARG      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    110A  LEU*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    112A  ALA*     1.3    61.0    +      -       -      +
    114A  TYR*     3.7     3.9    -      -       -      +
    115A  GLN*     3.1    25.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ALA 112 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108A  SER      3.2     9.7    +      -       -      +
    109A  ARG*     3.2    10.9    +      -       -      +
    110A  LEU      3.2     0.4    -      -       -      -
    111A  ASN*     1.3    78.4    -      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     1.3    63.2    +      -       +      +
    115A  GLN*     3.5     8.8    +      -       -      +
    116A  ASN*     3.0    23.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ILE 113 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    109A  ARG*     3.0    21.6    +      -       +      +
    110A  LEU*     3.5    23.1    -      -       +      +
    112A  ALA*     1.3    79.0    -      -       +      +
    114A  TYR*     1.3    67.5    +      -       +      +
    116A  ASN*     3.2     7.9    +      -       -      +
    117A  ASN*     2.8    43.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with TYR 114 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     30A  SER*     6.5     0.4    -      -       -      -
     33A  LEU*     3.5    27.8    -      -       +      +
     54A  LEU*     4.4    15.3    -      -       +      -
     55A  GLY*     4.1     9.0    -      -       -      +
     58A  CYS*     5.5     3.6    -      -       -      -
     59A  VAL*     3.9    21.5    -      -       +      +
    110A  LEU*     2.8    50.4    +      -       +      +
    111A  ASN*     3.7     6.1    -      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     1.3    82.6    -      -       +      +
    115A  GLN*     1.3    67.2    +      -       -      +
    117A  ASN*     3.2    14.6    +      -       +      +
    118A  LEU*     3.1    26.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with GLN 115 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     54A  LEU*     3.9    23.0    -      -       +      +
    111A  ASN      3.1    14.6    +      -       -      +
    112A  ALA*     3.7     8.1    -      -       -      +
    114A  TYR*     1.3    79.4    -      -       -      +
    116A  ASN*     1.3    63.8    +      -       -      +
    118A  LEU*     3.0    14.2    +      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     3.0    24.0    +      -       +      +
    125A  ILE*     4.1    14.6    -      -       +      +
    127A  ARG*     3.7    23.7    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 116 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  ALA      3.0    14.9    +      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     3.2    10.5    +      -       -      +
    115A  GLN*     1.3    79.0    -      -       -      +
    117A  ASN*     1.3    62.4    +      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     3.2    15.5    +      -       -      -
    120A  LYS*     3.0    50.5    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with ASN 117 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37A  ARG*     3.8    34.7    +      -       -      +
    113A  ILE*     2.8    35.0    +      -       -      +
    114A  TYR*     3.6    17.2    -      -       +      +
    115A  GLN      3.2     0.8    -      -       -      -
    116A  ASN*     1.3    77.6    +      -       -      +
    118A  LEU*     1.3    64.9    +      -       -      +
    120A  LYS*     3.8    24.1    +      -       -      +
    121A  SER*     3.4    23.2    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LEU 118 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     33A  LEU*     4.0    31.4    -      -       +      +
     36A  ALA*     5.3     0.2    -      -       +      -
     37A  ARG*     3.9    17.3    -      -       +      -
     48A  VAL*     4.3    16.2    -      -       +      -
     54A  LEU*     4.3    11.4    -      -       +      -
    114A  TYR      3.1    14.8    +      -       -      +
    115A  GLN      3.0     9.6    +      -       -      +
    117A  ASN*     1.3    75.7    -      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     1.3    64.0    +      -       -      +
    121A  SER*     2.9    13.3    +      -       -      -
    122A  HIS      3.1     8.3    +      -       -      -
    123A  ILE*     3.1    39.1    +      -       +      +
    125A  ILE*     3.4    36.1    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with THR 119 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    115A  GLN*     3.0    23.0    +      -       +      +
    116A  ASN*     3.2    21.7    +      -       -      -
    118A  LEU*     1.3    74.9    -      -       -      +
    120A  LYS*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    122A  HIS*     2.9    23.2    +      -       -      +
    123A  ILE      4.7     5.8    -      -       -      +
    125A  ILE*     4.6    13.9    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with LYS 120 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    116A  ASN*     3.0    40.9    +      -       -      +
    117A  ASN*     4.1    21.2    -      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     1.3    82.8    +      -       -      +
    121A  SER*     1.4    56.0    +      -       -      +
    122A  HIS*     3.3    20.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with SER 121 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     37A  ARG*     4.5    15.8    +      -       -      +
     40A  ALA*     3.7    20.7    -      -       -      +
     41A  GLU*     5.8     2.6    -      -       -      +
    117A  ASN      3.4    12.3    +      -       -      -
    118A  LEU      2.9    10.1    +      -       -      -
    120A  LYS*     1.4    74.8    -      -       -      +
    122A  HIS*     1.3    78.0    +      -       -      +
    123A  ILE*     3.5    21.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page

Residues in contact with HIS 122 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
     40A  ALA*     5.6     0.7    -      -       -      +
     45A  ARG*     3.2    22.5    +      -       -      -
     46A  ALA      4.3     0.9    +      -       -      +
    119A  THR*     2.9    17.0    +      -       -      +
    120A  LYS*     3.4    18.1    +      -       -      -
    121A  SER*     1.3    87.6    +      -       -      +
    123A  ILE*     1.3    61.7    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
 Back to top of page


A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il