Contacts of the helix formed by residues 147 - 172 (chain A) in PDB entry 4P8V


Residue contacts within the protein are derived with the CSU software (Sobolev V., Sorokine A., Prilusky J., Abola E.E. and Edelman M. (1999) Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins. Bioinformatics, 15, 327-332). A short description of the analytical approach is given at the end of the page.
For CSU analysis of other PDB entry

Note:
Non-standard 3 letter residue codes indicate a heterogroup. To identify and analyse, use LPC software

Legend:
Dist - nearest distance (Å) between atoms of two residues
Surf - contact surface area (Å2) between two residues
HB   - hydrophilic-hydrophilic contact (hydrogen bond)
Arom - aromatic-aromatic contact
Phob - hydrophobic-hydrophobic contact
DC   - hydrophobic-hydrophilic contact (destabilizing contact)
+/-  - indicates presence/absence of a specific contacts
*    - indicates residues forming contacts  by their side chain
       (including CA atoms)
Residues in contact with PRO 147 (chain A).
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108A  SER*     4.6     0.7    +      -       -      -
    144A  TRP*     3.4    23.3    -      -       +      +
    146A  TYR*     1.3    87.6    -      -       +      +
    148A  ASP*     1.3    71.3    -      -       -      +
    150A  LYS*     3.9     1.7    +      -       -      +
    151A  GLU*     3.1    51.2    +      -       +      +
    152A  ASN      4.0     1.1    -      -       -      +
    155A  PHE*     3.8    29.6    -      -       +      -
    194A  SER*     3.8    17.9    -      -       -      +
    195A  TYR*     3.9    15.9    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 148 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    146A  TYR      3.4     4.8    -      -       -      +
    147A  PRO*     1.3    79.7    -      -       -      +
    149A  GLN*     1.3    82.8    +      -       -      +
    150A  LYS*     4.4     3.8    -      -       +      +
    152A  ASN*     3.1    13.9    +      -       -      +
    190A  MET*     3.6    26.1    -      -       +      +
    193A  ASN*     3.1    38.5    +      -       -      +
    194A  SER*     2.8    22.8    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 149 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    148A  ASP*     1.3    86.7    +      -       -      +
    150A  LYS*     1.3    65.2    +      -       -      +
    151A  GLU      3.3     0.2    +      -       -      -
    152A  ASN*     3.5    12.5    +      -       -      +
    153A  THR      4.9     0.5    +      -       -      -
    193A  ASN*     3.6    19.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 150 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  HIS*     5.8     1.6    -      -       -      -
    147A  PRO      3.9     2.4    +      -       -      +
    148A  ASP*     3.3     4.2    -      -       +      +
    149A  GLN*     1.3    81.7    +      -       -      +
    151A  GLU*     1.3    82.0    +      -       +      +
    153A  THR*     5.1     2.9    +      -       -      -
    154A  HIS*     4.9     4.3    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 151 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    108A  SER*     3.8    17.0    -      -       -      +
    112A  HIS*     2.8    29.0    +      -       -      -
    144A  TRP*     3.5    26.0    -      -       +      -
    147A  PRO*     3.1    25.7    +      -       +      +
    150A  LYS*     1.3   102.8    +      -       +      +
    152A  ASN*     1.3    65.8    +      -       -      +
    153A  THR      3.3     2.5    -      -       -      -
    154A  HIS*     2.7    38.4    +      -       -      +
    155A  PHE*     2.9    24.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASN 152 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    147A  PRO*     4.3     1.8    -      -       -      -
    148A  ASP      3.1    16.4    +      -       -      +
    149A  GLN*     3.5    10.6    +      -       -      +
    151A  GLU*     1.3    76.3    -      -       -      +
    153A  THR*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    155A  PHE*     3.8     1.0    -      -       -      +
    156A  THR*     2.7    39.0    +      -       -      -
    192A  ASP      4.7     2.6    +      -       -      -
    193A  ASN      2.9    20.9    +      -       -      +
    194A  SER      3.3    25.0    -      -       -      +
    195A  TYR      3.8     8.9    +      -       -      +
    196A  GLN*     2.9    27.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 153 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    149A  GLN      4.9     0.6    +      -       -      -
    150A  LYS      5.1     2.8    +      -       -      -
    151A  GLU*     3.3     0.8    -      -       -      +
    152A  ASN*     1.3    82.9    +      -       -      +
    154A  HIS*     1.3    63.9    -      -       +      +
    156A  THR*     3.3     4.1    +      -       -      -
    157A  VAL*     2.9    50.4    +      -       +      +
    196A  GLN*     4.7     5.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 154 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    112A  HIS*     4.0    17.0    -      +       -      -
    115A  VAL*     3.6    36.6    +      -       +      +
    116A  ASP*     4.5     9.0    +      -       -      -
    121A  ARG*     4.6     8.4    -      -       -      +
    144A  TRP*     4.0    12.6    -      -       +      -
    150A  LYS      4.9     4.1    +      -       -      -
    151A  GLU*     2.7    35.2    +      -       -      +
    153A  THR*     1.3    83.9    -      -       +      +
    155A  PHE*     1.3    56.7    +      -       -      +
    157A  VAL*     3.9     4.6    -      -       +      +
    158A  LEU*     2.9    32.7    +      -       -      +
    404A  SO4      5.2     2.5    +      -       -      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 155 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    142A  VAL*     4.2     5.8    -      -       +      -
    144A  TRP*     3.8    44.3    -      +       +      -
    147A  PRO*     3.8    16.2    -      -       +      -
    151A  GLU      2.9    16.0    +      -       -      +
    152A  ASN      3.8     2.2    -      -       -      +
    154A  HIS*     1.3    75.6    -      -       -      +
    156A  THR*     1.3    70.0    +      -       -      +
    158A  LEU*     3.7     3.6    -      -       +      +
    159A  ILE*     3.0    47.5    +      -       +      +
    182A  VAL*     3.4    34.5    -      -       +      -
    194A  SER      4.4     4.5    -      -       -      -
    195A  TYR*     3.5    36.3    -      +       -      -
    196A  GLN      6.2     0.2    -      -       -      -
    200A  LEU*     3.7    22.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 156 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    152A  ASN*     2.7    25.7    +      -       -      -
    153A  THR*     3.7     3.8    -      -       -      -
    155A  PHE*     1.3    86.3    -      -       -      +
    157A  VAL*     1.3    58.8    +      -       +      +
    159A  ILE*     3.4     4.3    +      -       -      +
    160A  HIS*     3.0    27.9    +      -       -      +
    194A  SER      4.6     0.5    +      -       -      -
    196A  GLN*     3.3    39.8    +      -       +      +
    199A  LYS*     3.7    34.1    -      -       +      +
    200A  LEU*     5.7     4.9    -      -       +      +
    203A  ASP*     4.8     1.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with VAL 157 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    121A  ARG*     3.5    21.5    -      -       -      +
    153A  THR*     2.9    36.4    +      -       +      +
    154A  HIS*     4.0     5.4    -      -       +      +
    156A  THR*     1.3    75.3    -      -       +      +
    158A  LEU*     1.3    59.6    +      -       -      +
    160A  HIS*     3.3     6.1    +      -       +      +
    161A  GLU*     2.8    60.3    +      -       +      +
    404A  SO4      5.5     0.2    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 158 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    111A  PHE*     4.3    11.2    -      -       +      -
    114A  MET*     4.0    38.1    -      -       +      -
    115A  VAL*     4.3     2.7    -      -       +      -
    121A  ARG*     4.3    18.3    -      -       +      +
    124A  PHE*     4.3    11.4    -      -       +      -
    125A  ILE*     4.8     7.0    -      -       +      -
    142A  VAL*     4.5    13.9    -      -       +      -
    144A  TRP*     4.2    20.4    -      -       +      -
    154A  HIS      2.9    19.0    +      -       -      +
    155A  PHE*     3.7     4.0    -      -       +      +
    157A  VAL*     1.3    78.1    -      -       -      +
    159A  ILE*     1.3    62.9    +      -       +      +
    161A  GLU*     3.4     2.0    +      -       -      +
    162A  LEU*     3.0    49.5    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ILE 159 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    142A  VAL*     3.8    36.8    -      -       +      -
    155A  PHE*     3.0    47.5    +      -       +      +
    156A  THR      3.8     3.6    -      -       -      +
    158A  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
    160A  HIS*     1.3    63.6    +      -       -      +
    162A  LEU*     3.4     8.9    +      -       +      +
    163A  ALA*     2.9    23.0    +      -       -      +
    180A  LEU*     3.7     5.5    -      -       +      +
    181A  THR      5.1     0.2    -      -       -      +
    182A  VAL*     4.8     1.6    -      -       +      -
    200A  LEU*     4.0    13.9    -      -       +      -
    203A  ASP*     3.7    23.8    -      -       +      +
    204A  LEU*     3.8    27.4    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with HIS 160 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    156A  THR      3.0    18.1    +      -       -      +
    157A  VAL*     3.3     7.4    +      -       +      +
    159A  ILE*     1.3    78.2    -      -       -      +
    161A  GLU*     1.3    61.3    +      -       +      +
    163A  ALA*     3.4     1.2    +      -       -      +
    164A  GLU*     3.0    71.2    +      -       +      +
    199A  LYS*     4.8    19.9    +      -       -      +
    202A  LYS*     6.1     2.7    -      -       -      -
    203A  ASP*     3.1    31.9    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 161 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    118A  SER*     4.5     8.9    -      -       -      +
    121A  ARG*     2.7    43.1    +      -       -      +
    122A  LEU      5.2     0.2    +      -       -      -
    125A  ILE*     3.5    18.0    -      -       +      +
    157A  VAL*     2.8    42.3    +      -       +      +
    158A  LEU*     4.0     1.6    -      -       -      +
    160A  HIS*     1.3    76.0    -      -       +      +
    162A  LEU*     1.3    59.4    +      -       -      +
    164A  GLU*     3.4     9.1    +      -       -      +
    165A  ALA*     3.0    31.0    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LEU 162 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    124A  PHE*     4.9     4.3    -      -       +      -
    125A  ILE*     3.8    27.1    -      -       +      +
    128A  ILE*     4.5     8.1    -      -       +      -
    140A  LEU*     3.9    21.5    -      -       +      -
    142A  VAL*     3.9    27.6    -      -       +      -
    158A  LEU*     3.0    39.4    +      -       +      +
    159A  ILE*     3.7     6.3    -      -       -      +
    161A  GLU*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    163A  ALA*     1.3    60.7    +      -       -      +
    165A  ALA*     3.2     3.5    +      -       -      -
    166A  PHE*     2.8    52.5    +      -       +      -
    180A  LEU*     3.8    15.7    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 163 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    159A  ILE      2.9    17.9    +      -       -      +
    160A  HIS      3.4     4.5    +      -       -      +
    162A  LEU*     1.3    76.9    -      -       -      +
    164A  GLU*     1.3    58.0    +      -       +      +
    166A  PHE*     3.3     5.5    +      -       -      +
    167A  GLN*     3.0    29.3    +      -       -      +
    177A  ARG*     5.6     1.7    +      -       -      -
    180A  LEU*     3.6     8.0    -      -       +      +
    203A  ASP*     3.6    41.3    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLU 164 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    160A  HIS*     3.0    55.4    +      -       +      +
    161A  GLU*     3.8     8.7    -      -       -      +
    163A  ALA*     1.3    76.9    -      -       +      +
    165A  ALA*     1.3    57.7    +      -       -      +
    167A  GLN*     3.2     7.1    +      -       -      +
    168A  LYS*     2.8    30.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ALA 165 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    122A  LEU*     6.5     0.2    -      -       +      -
    125A  ILE*     3.4    28.9    -      -       +      -
    126A  ASN*     5.7     0.9    -      -       -      +
    129A  ILE*     3.8    10.6    -      -       +      +
    161A  GLU      3.0    18.1    +      -       -      +
    162A  LEU      3.7     1.8    -      -       -      +
    164A  GLU*     1.3    74.2    -      -       -      +
    166A  PHE*     1.3    62.8    +      -       +      +
    168A  LYS*     3.9     9.3    -      -       -      +
    169A  ASP*     3.0    29.8    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 166 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    125A  ILE*     5.2     0.9    -      -       +      -
    128A  ILE*     3.7    25.8    -      -       +      -
    129A  ILE*     3.8    28.5    -      -       +      -
    132A  LEU*     4.4     2.2    -      -       +      -
    140A  LEU*     4.1     9.4    -      -       +      -
    162A  LEU*     2.8    39.8    +      -       +      +
    163A  ALA*     3.7     5.4    -      -       -      +
    164A  GLU      3.3     0.2    -      -       -      -
    165A  ALA*     1.3    74.9    -      -       +      +
    167A  GLN*     1.3    58.6    +      -       -      +
    169A  ASP*     3.4     6.4    +      -       -      +
    170A  PHE*     3.0    27.2    +      -       -      +
    177A  ARG*     3.7     8.8    -      -       +      +
    178A  LEU*     3.4    46.0    +      -       +      +
    179A  LEU      3.5    19.7    -      -       -      -
    180A  LEU*     4.0    24.0    -      -       +      -
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with GLN 167 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    163A  ALA      3.0    15.5    +      -       -      +
    164A  GLU*     3.2     7.4    +      -       -      +
    166A  PHE*     1.3    73.8    -      -       -      +
    168A  LYS*     1.3    67.1    +      -       -      +
    170A  PHE*     3.0    18.6    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     2.9    35.2    +      -       -      +
    177A  ARG*     2.6    45.3    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 168 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    164A  GLU      2.8    19.8    +      -       -      +
    165A  ALA*     3.9     8.7    -      -       -      +
    167A  GLN*     1.3    73.2    -      -       -      +
    169A  ASP*     1.3    62.7    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     3.2    24.4    +      -       +      -
    172A  LYS*     3.5    36.9    +      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with ASP 169 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    129A  ILE*     3.7    32.2    -      -       +      +
    133A  ARG*     3.0    33.7    +      -       -      -
    165A  ALA      3.0    19.5    +      -       -      +
    166A  PHE*     3.5     6.7    -      -       -      +
    168A  LYS*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    170A  PHE*     1.3    60.8    +      -       -      +
    172A  LYS*     3.3    16.4    +      -       -      +
    173A  SER*     3.1    25.7    +      -       -      -
    178A  LEU*     4.3     6.2    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with PHE 170 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    166A  PHE      3.0    14.0    +      -       -      +
    167A  GLN*     3.0    24.4    +      -       -      +
    169A  ASP*     1.3    74.0    +      -       -      +
    171A  THR*     1.3    65.3    +      -       -      +
    172A  LYS      2.8     6.7    +      -       -      -
    173A  SER*     2.9    21.9    +      -       -      +
    175A  LYS      3.3    26.2    -      -       -      -
    176A  GLU*     3.9    12.3    -      -       -      -
    177A  ARG*     3.4    40.2    -      -       +      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with THR 171 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    167A  GLN*     2.9    29.5    +      -       -      +
    168A  LYS*     3.2    19.5    +      -       +      +
    170A  PHE*     1.3    77.4    -      -       -      +
    172A  LYS*     1.3    63.8    +      -       +      +
    173A  SER      5.2     0.3    -      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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Residues in contact with LYS 172 (chain A). Click here for Legend to table.
----------------------------------------------------------
                                  Specific contacts
                               ---------------------------
     Residue       Dist    Surf   HB    Arom    Phob    DC
----------------------------------------------------------
    168A  LYS*     3.5    45.2    +      -       +      +
    169A  ASP*     3.3    13.3    +      -       -      +
    170A  PHE      2.9     0.6    -      -       -      -
    171A  THR*     1.3    84.8    -      -       +      +
    173A  SER*     1.3    61.9    +      -       -      +
    174A  THR*     4.2     2.6    +      -       -      +
----------------------------------------------------------
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A short description of the analytical approach
The contact analysis used in this page is based upon the approach developed in: Sobolev V., Wade R.C., Vriend G. and Edelman M. PROTEINS (1996) 25, 120-129. Contact legitimacy depends on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the contacting atoms. In order to define it, for each inter-atomic contact, eight atom classes have been introduced:


   I  Hydrophilic      - N and O that can donate and accept hydrogen bonds
                         (e.g., oxygen of hydroxyl group of Ser. or Thr)
  II  Acceptor         - N or O that can only accept a hydrogen bond
 III  Donor            - N that can only donate a hydrogen bond
  IV  Hydrophobic      - Cl, Br, I and all C atoms that are not in
                         aromatic rings and do not have a covalent bond to
                         a N or O atom
   V  Aromatic         - C in aromatic rings irrespective of any other 
                         bonds formed by the atom
  VI  Neutral          - C atoms that have a covalent bond to at least one
                         atom of class I or two or more atoms from class II
                         or III; atoms; S, F, P, and metal atoms in all cases
 VII  Neutral-donor    - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only one
                         atom of class III
VIII  Neutral-acceptor - C atoms that have a covalent bond with only 
                         one atom of class II
For each pair of contacts the state of legitimacy is shown below:

Legend:
+, legitimate
-, illegitimate
------------------------------------------------------------
  Atomic class           I  II  III   IV   V   VI  VII  VIII
------------------------------------------------------------
   I  (Hydrophilic)      +   +    +    -   +   +    +    +
  II  (Acceptor)         +   -    +    -   +   +    +    -
 III  (Donor)            +   +    -    -   +   +    -    +
  IV  (Hydrophobic)      -   -    -    +   +   +    +    +
   V  (Aromatic)         +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
  VI  (Neutral)          +   +    +    +   +   +    +    +
 VII  (Neutral-donor)    +   +    -    +   +   +    -    +
VIII  (Neutral-acceptor) +   -    +    +   +   +    +    -
------------------------------------------------------------
Warning!
Atom classes for heterogroups are automatically assigned based on the atomic coordinates. However, in three cases (see below) the automatic assignment is currently ambiguous. In these cases, the user is advised to manually analyse the full list of contacts using LPC software.
1. Carbon atoms belonging to a 4-, 5- or 6-member ring are 
   considered "aromatic" (Class V) if the ring is approximately
   planar, and "hydrophobic" (Class IV) or "neutral" (Classes
   VI, VII, VIII) if the ring is non-planar.
2. The oxygen atom of a carbonyl or hydroxy group is considered
   "hydroxy" (Class I) if the CO bond is longer than 1.29 Å, and
   "carbonyl" (Class II) if shorter.
3. All nitrogen atoms are considered "hydrophilic" (Class I).

Please E-mail any questions and/or suggestions concerning this page to Vladimir.Sobolev@weizmann.ac.il